Evolución de los serotipos, fagotipos y resistencia a antimicrobianos de Salmonella sp en el departamento de salud 02 de la provincia de Castellón, España (2000-2006) / Evolution of serotypes, phagotypes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp in the 02 health district of Castellón, Spain (2000-2006)

Retrospective study of serotypes, phage types and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp isolates in the 02 Health District of Castellón, Spain (2000-2006). Strains were serotyped using commercial sera, and they were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with automated systems. Serotyping confirmation and phage typing were performed by the National Reference Laboratory. A total of 1505 strains were isolated, with 49 different serotypes, being the most frequent Enteritidis. The most common serotype/phage type combination was S. Enteritidis phagetype 1. Of the isolates 81.6 percent were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; 65.2 percent to ampicilin; 99.9 percent to ciprofloxa-cin; 93.4 percent to trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole; and 99.8 percent to cefotaxime. Molecular methods could be useful to complete epidemiologic studies since 25 percent of our isolates showed the same serotype/phage type combination. In our health district antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella is not an important problem.

Salmonella Hadar phage types isolated from different sources of foodchain in Brazil

The gastroenteritis incidence caused by Salmonella Hadar has increased over the last decades worldwide. The uncontrolled use of antimicrobials for treating human patients and veterinary field contributes to increase the multidrug resistance of this serovar. In the present investigation, a total of 179 S. Hadar isolates from different sources of foodchain in Brazil were phage typed and analyzed for their antimicrobial resistance profile. The main S. Hadar phage types isolated were PT 38, PT 39, PT 40, PT 11, PT 34, PT 1 and PT 22. Others phage types as PT 13, PT 19, PT 21, PT 23, PT 31, PT 33 and PT 37 were obtained in low percentages. A total of 35,7 percent S. Hadar strains were resistant to two or more antimicrobials drugs. Furthermore, no resistance to third generation cephalosporin or ciprofloxacin was identified in these strains. Those results appoint to S. Hadar phage types circulating among animals, food and humans, as well as the increasing of multidrug resistance. The surveillance and monitoring of S. Hadar strains based on phage typing and antimicrobial resistance profile are useful for detecting outbreaks, identifying sources of infection and implementing prevention and control measures of salmonellosis.

A incidência de gastrenterite causada por Salmonella Hadar tem aumentado ao longo dos anos em todo o mundo. O uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos na clínica humana e veterinária tem contribuído para o aumento da multiresistência deste sorovar. No presente estudo, 179 cepas de S. Hadar isoladas de diferentes fontes da cadeia alimentar no Brasil foram fagotipadas e analisadas quanto ao perfil de resistência antimicrobiana. Os principais fagotipos de S. Hadar isolados foram PT 38, PT 39, PT 40, PT 11, PT 34, PT 1 e PT 22. Outros fagotipos como PT 13, PT 19, PT 21, PT 23, PT 31, PT 33 e PT 37 foram obtidos em menores percentagens. Um total de 35,7 por cento das cepas avaliadas foi resistente a dois ou mais antimicrobianos. Por outro lado, não foi observada resistência a cefalosporinas de terceira geração ou ciprofloxacina. Esses resultados apontam para a circulação de fagotipos de S. Hadar entre animais, alimentos e seres humanos, bem como o aumento da multiresistência antimicrobiana. O monitoramento de cepas de S. Hadar baseado na fagotipagem e no padrão de resistência aos antimicrobianos são ferramentas úteis na detecção de surtos, identificação das fontes de infecção, além de auxiliar na implantação de programas de controle e prevenção de salmoneloses.