Eficacia de una intervención familiar en duelo complicado por ruptura de pareja en atención primaria / Efficacy of a family intervention in grief complicated by couple breakup in primary care

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención familiar en duelo complicado por ruptura de pareja. Materiales y método: Investigación con enfoque mixto de intervención en tres etapas (diagnóstica-implementación-evaluación). En la primera se realizó estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo, con muestra aleatoria simple con remplazo n=99. Se aplicó "Escala de Distrés por Ruptura Amorosa" de Field y APGAR familiar de Smilkstein, previo consentimiento informado. Se incluyeron cinco familias con duelo complicado y disfunción familiar. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas de trabajo con familia. En la tercera etapa se utilizó diseño cuasi experimental con pretest y postest de duelo complicado y APGAR familiar. Para la captura y análisis de datos se empleó el SPSS V25, con estadística descriptiva y analítica con prueba t de student. Resultados. Fueron mujeres 81.8%, con edad Ⱦ=34,19-29 37.4%, bachillerato 37.4%, separados 59.6%, divorciados 49.4%. Con duelo complicado 14%, disfunción familiar 13%. Las familias con duelo complicado fueron disfuncionales 53.8%. Los factores de riesgo: conflicto en subsistema paterno filial, adicciones, economía. Factores protectores: grupos religiosos, artísticos, educativos y médicos. Las acciones se centraron en intervención cognitivo-conductual-emocional. En evaluación pretest/postest, el duelo complicado presentó diferencia de medias de Ⱦ=8.500, ŝ± 8.925, e IC95%: Li: 3.347 Ls:13.653, con t de student=3.564 y gl=13 y valor de p=0.003, estadísticamente significativo, diferencia de medias para Apgar familiar de Ⱦ= 3.357 con ŝ±1.946, IC95%: Li:2.234, Ls:4.481 con t de student=6.456 y gl=13, valor de p=0.001, estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: El efecto de la intervención familiar modificó el duelo complicado y mejoró la dinámica y funcionalidad familiar.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family intervention in grief complicated by a couple breakup. Materials and method: Research with a mixed intervention approach in three stages (diagnosis-implementation-evaluation). In the first, an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out, with a simple random sample with replacement n=99. Field's "Romantic Breakup Distress Scale" and Smilkstein's family APGAR were applied, with prior informed consent. Five families with complicated grief and family dysfunction were included. Methods and techniques of working with family were used. In the third stage, a quasi-experimental design was used with pretest and posttest of complicated grief and family APGAR. SPSS V25 was used to capture and analyze data, with descriptive and analytical statistics with Student's t test. Results: They were women 81.8%, with age Ⱦ=34.19-29 37.4%, high school 37.4%, separated 59.6%, divorced 49.4%. With complicated grief 14%, family dysfunction 13%. Families with complicated grief were dysfunctional 53.8%. Risk factors: conflict in paternalfilial subsystem, addictions, economy. Protective factors: religious, artistic, educational and medical groups. The actions focused on cognitive-behavioral-emotional intervention. In pretest/posttest evaluation, complicated grief presented a mean difference of Ⱦ=8.500, ŝ± 8.925, and 95% CI: Li: 3.347 Ls:13.653, with student's t=3.564 and df=13 and p value=0.003, statistically significant, mean difference for family Apgar of Ⱦ= 3.357 with ŝ±1.946, 95% CI: Li:2.234, Ls:4.481 with student's t=6.456 and df=13, p value=0.001, statistically significant. Conclusions: The effect of the family intervention modified complicated grief and improved family dynamics and functionality. Conclusions: The effect of the family intervention modified complicated grief and improved family dynamics and functionality.

Metas familiares desde la perspectiva individual en hogares con percepciones de funcionalidad familiar diferentes en Bucaramanga y el área Metropolitana / Family Goals from an Individual Perspective in Households with Different Perceptions of Family Functionality in Bucaramanga and its Metropolitan Area

Resumen: La funcionalidad familiar es la que logra concebir el progreso general de cada uno de sus integrantes; así como un estado de salud, protección y afectividad; siendo el reflejo de la comunicación, de la cohesión y adaptabilidad, la familia se concibe como ese espacio de protección y desarrollo. El presente estudio tuvo como propó sito describir las metas familiares desde la perspectiva individual en hogares con percepciones de funcionalidad familiar diferentes en Bucaramanga y el área Me tropolitana, se logra por medio de un estudio cualitativo con diseño metodológico de la fenomenología interpretativa. De acuerdo con los resultados, en relación con las metas a corto plazo, las familias quieren salir de deudas, mejorar sus ingresos y en las metas inmateriales los participantes quieren mejorar la comunicación en con los miembros de su familia, ser más unidos. A largo plazo en las metas mate riales tener casa propia y en las inmateriales crear empresa, ver a sus hijos unidos, compartir más tiempo y ser felices.

Abstract: Family functionality is the one that manages to conceive the general progress of each of its members; as well as a state of health, protection, and affectivity; which is the reflection of communication, cohesion, and adaptability. Family is con ceived as that space of protection and development. The purpose of this study was to describe family goals from the individual perspective in households with differ ent perceptions of household functionality in Bucaramanga and the Metropolitan area, by means of a qualitative study with a methodological design of interpre tative phenomenology. According to the results, in relation to short-term goals, families want to pay off their debt, to improve their income, and in the immaterial goals, participants want to improve communication with their family members, to be more united. In the long-term, as for material goals, they want to have their own house, and in the non-material goals, they want to create a business, see their children united, share more time, and be happy.

Una aproximación a la satisfacción con la alimentación en familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina / An approach to satisfaction with food-related life in female-headed single parent households

Resumen 1Los hogares monoparentales se ven enfrentados a compatibilizar la generación de ingresos con las tareas de cuidado en el hogar, como la alimentación familiar, la cual se configura como un dominio clave en el bienestar. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este estudio buscó explorar los significados acerca de la satisfacción con la alimentación que tienen madres e hijos de familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina. A partir de un estudio de caso de método mixto, mediante la participación de 47 familias monoparentales de jefatura femenina, tanto madres como hijos adolescentes, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 10 y 17 años de edad, completaron individualmente una tarea de asociación de palabras con "estar satisfecho con mi alimentación" y una tarea de finalización de palabras con "estaría más satisfecho con mi alimentación si...". Los resultados evidenciaron que los significados de la satisfacción con la alimentación son atribuibles a la conceptualización formal del constructo y que no existiría diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las respuestas dadas por madres e hijos, en base a los determinantes de comportamiento en la alimentación. Así se concluyó que las similitudes en los significados, en torno a los determinantes que se identifican con la satisfacción con la alimentación y con los aspectos que podrían aumentarla, permiten constatar la influencia de la familia en las construcciones y significados que forman parte de la identidad individual y cultural de los adolescentes, lo cual se convierte en un insumo necesario para el diseño de prácticas y estrategias que propicien una mayor satisfacción con la alimentación.

Abstract Numerous female-headed single parent households face increased pressure when attempting to balance income generation with household responsibilities, such as family nutrition, which is critical given its greater influence on children's nutrition and diet quality (Hebestreit et al., 2017). This situation is critical in light of the fact that food is positioned as a critical domain of human well-being (Schnettler et al., 2014, 2017; Denegri et al., 2014, 2016). Satisfaction with food-related life is conceptualized as an individual's global cognitive evaluation of his or her diet (Grunert, Dean, Raats, Nielsen, y Lumbers, 2007); its formal definition is connected to other facets of life such as health, family, and social relationships (Grunert et al., 2007). According to the literature, satisfaction with food-related life is defined in terms of three primary determinants of eating behavior: the food consumed, the individual, and the diet's context (Köster, 2009). The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of female-headed single-parent families and their meanings by examining the importance placed on the family as the first social space in which people construct and shape their social representations in various spheres of daily life (Moscovici, 1984). The overall objective is to investigate the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life for mothers and adolescent children in female-headed single-parent families. The specific objectives are to i) define the semantic entities of food satisfaction in relation to mothers and adolescent children, ii) identify factors that contribute to mothers' and adolescent children's food satisfaction, and iii) compare how mothers and adolescent children perceive their food satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it increasing. To accomplish these goals, a mixed case study research design was used. This entails combining quantitative and qualitative research methods in order to gain a better understanding of the research issues (Cresswell y Plano Clark, 2011). A total of 47 Chilean single-parent families with a female head of household participated in this study. It consists of a fee-paying mother that has at least one adolescent child between the ages of 10 and 17. The data collection method was an interview developed and tested in the Chilean population by Schnettler et al. (2020), based on a projective technique (Mesas y Escribano, 2018), in which mothers and adolescent children individually responded to the first words, terms, or phrases associated with the expression "being satisfied with my food-related life" with the goal of determining the meaning of satisfaction with food-related life. They were then asked to complete the sentence "I would be more satisfied with my food-related life if...". In order to identify factors that could improve their satisfaction with food-related life. The data was textually analyzed by segmenting and coding it. Subsequently, by establishing conceptual relationships, categories and supracategories were generated deductively (Krippendorff, 2004). Following that, the information expressed in the results and plotted in frequency tables is synthesized and interpreted. The Chi-square test was used to compare mothers' and adolescent children's responses (Agresti, 1990). In conclusion, the findings indicate that the meanings of satisfaction with food-related life can be ascribed to the construct's formal conceptualization. Thus, this study provides evidence that the construct is valid. There were also similarities in the meanings of mothers and adolescent children when it came to the determinants associated with food satisfaction, as well as the factors that could increase their satisfaction with food-related life. This finding is critical for establishing the family's influence on the constructs and meanings associated with adolescents' cultural identities.

Infancias y colecho en la Argentina: factores sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y de salud familiar / Bedsharing and childhood: socio-demographic, socio-economic and family health factors / Co-leito na infância: fatores sócio-demográficos, socioeconômicos e de saúde familiar

Resumen (analítico) Se caracteriza el fenómeno del colecho en términos sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y en relación con las vulnerabilidades específicas de los hogares, tales como la violencia intrafamiliar y los consumos nocivos. A través de la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina y un análisis multivariado cuantitativo, se abordan los siguientes interrogantes: ¿el colecho es una práctica asociada únicamente a los bebés?, ¿resulta más frecuente en contextos de pobreza o se trata de una práctica que atraviesa a diferentes infancias? Se concluye que el colecho no es un fenómeno exclusivo de los y las bebés; que en la adolescencia es más regresivo para las mujeres y que el factor socio-económico remite a un «colecho forzoso¼ que se especifica en interacción con el hacinamiento, la monoparentalidad, los consumos nocivos y la violencia intrafamiliar.

Abstract (analytical) This paper analyses the phenomenon of bed-sharing in terms of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, but also considers specific vulnerabilities like domestic violence and addictions. It is worth examining whether this practice is associated only with babies, or else if vulnerable contexts also have an impact on children's and adolescent's co-sleeping. The information was obtained through Social Debts in Argentina Survey, and this quantitative research concludes that in this country not only early years bed-share, the phenomenon impairs teenage girls more often and that the socio-economic factor plays a decisive role. For this reason, we propose the term "forced-bed-sharing", which refers to when co-sleeping is intensified by variables like overcrowding, single-parent family type, addictions and domestic violence.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo caracteriza o fenómeno do coleito considerando variáveis sócio demográficas e socioeconómicas, mas também vulnerabilidades específicas como a violência doméstica ou vícios. Neste contexto, perguntamo-nos: associa-se só aos bebés? Tem mais frequência em condições de vulnerabilidade? Esta prática tem um impacto ou motivações diferentes em relação ás características das crianças? A informação foi obtida através do Questionário da Dívida Social Argentina, e o desenho de pesquisa quantitativo conclui que não é somente um fenómeno exclusivo da primeira infância, na adolescência é mais frequente em meninas e que o fator socioeconómico é decisivo. Por isso, propomos o termo "coleito forçoso", que refere a quando a regularidade da cama compartilhada se intensifica por variáveis como a superlotação, o tipo de família monoparental, vícios e violência doméstica.

Fatores que afetam os índices antropométricos infantis: um enfoque nas famílias monoparentais femininas / Factors that influence children`s anthropometric indices: a focus on female single-parent families

Resumo Nas últimas décadas aconteceram várias alterações no padrão de organização das famílias, como mudanças no tamanho, estrutura e composição. Dentre os novos arranjos familiares, destaca-se o crescimento de famílias monoparentais femininas. Este arranjo tende a se encontrar em situação de maior vulnerabilidade social em relação a outros arranjos. Diante disso, este estudo buscou analisar a relação entre o arranjo monoparental feminino e o estado nutricional de crianças menores de cinco anos, com dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF/IBGE) de 2008-2009. Para isso, estimaram-se duas equações para análise de índices antropométricos, tendo como variáveis dependentes o escore z da "altura para idade" e o escore z do "peso para altura". Os resultados mostraram que, controlando para outras variáveis importantes como renda, escolaridade e características domiciliares, pertencer ao arranjo "monoparental feminino" teve efeito positivo sobre o escore z da "altura para idade" quando comparado ao arranjo "casal com filhos", indicando que a presença da mãe, sem o cônjuge, contribui para melhorar esse indicador de saúde de longo prazo.

Abstract In the last decades several alterations have occurred in the dynamics of the organization of families, including changes in size, structure, and composition. Among new family arrangements, the increase in female single-parent families stands out. This structure tends to be in a situation of greater social vulnerability in relation to other arrangements. With this in mind, the scope of this study sought to analyze the relationship between the female single-parent family arrangement and anthropometric measurements of under five-year-old offspring, with data from the 2008-2009 Brazilian household budget survey (POF/IBGE). Two equations for the analysis of anthropometric measurements, with the z-score of "height-for-age" and the z-score of "weight-for-height" as dependent variables, were estimated. The results revealed that, taking other important variables into consideration, such as income, education and domestic characteristics pertaining to the "female single-parent" arrangement, had a positive effect on anthropometric measurements when compared with the "couple with children" arrangement, indicating that in households in which the mother does not have a spouse in residence, children had better long-term health indicators than in households in which the spouse was present.

Parentalización en familias monoparentales

En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación de tipo cualitativa correspondiente a la actividad de tesis de los autores, realizada a familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina de la ciudad de Chillán (Chile), cuyo objetivo general fue conocer la percepción que tienen las madres de familias monoparentales de la mencionada ciudad, sobre la parentalización como medio para mantener el equilibrio familiar. Con dichas familias se trabajó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a las jefas de hogar e informantes clave, obteniéndose una apreciación de la distribución de los roles dentro del hogar y, de esta manera, una mayor comprensión de cómo el fenómeno de la parentalización logra ser una herramienta de utilidad para cada sistema familiar. Dentro de los resultados se puede apreciar como la parentalización responde a la historia personal de los jefes de hogar, así como a las circunstancias ambientales a las que se enfrentan las familias o enfermedades de los miembros de estas

The present article shows the results from a qualitative research and thesis of the authors carried out on single-parent families with female heads of household in the city of Chillán (Chile). The general objective was to know the perception of the mothers from single-parent families in the previously mentioned city, about parentification as a tool to maintain family balance. Semi-structured interviews were held with these female heads of household and key informants, which allowed an appreciation of role distribution within the household and also a greater understanding about how the parentification phenomenon can be a useful tool for each family system. The results showed how parentification follows the personal history of the household heads, as well as the environmental circumstances faced by the family or diseases of its members

The experience of being a mother of a child with autism in the singleparenthood context / La experiencia de ser madre de un hijo con autismo en el contexto de la familia monoparental

Este estudo objetivou conhecer a experiência de ser mãe de um filho com autismo no contexto da monoparetalidade. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual participaram quatro mães de filhos com transtorno do espectro autista. Utilizou-se de entrevista semiestruturada. Posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos à análise textual qualitativa. Os resultados revelaram que os sentimentos e desafios são semelhantes aos de mães de filhos com autismo que não vivem no contexto monoparental. Acredita-se que a diferença possa estar na intensidade, isto é, na monoparentalidade, as dificuldades podem ser agravadas pela ausência de um companheiro. Sobre a possibilidade de um novo relacionamento afetivo, quando há, mesmo que remota, não está centrada na necessidade de auxílio nos cuidados com o filho, mas no apoio emocional. Entre os fatores que contribuem para a manutenção da monoparentalidade, destacam-se a priorização do papel materno, a adolescência do filho, além de uma rede de apoio restrita.

This study aimed to learn about the experience of mothering a child with Autism in a single-parent context. Four mothers of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder were the subjects of a qualitative research. A semi-structured interview was used. Afterwards, the data were submitted to qualitative textual analysis. The results revealed that the feelings and challenges they experience are similar to those from mothers who are not in the single-parent context. It is believed that the difference might be concerning the intensity, that is, in the single-parent context, as the difficulties might be enhanced due to the absence of a partner. About the possibility of a new emotional relationship, when there is one, though remote, it is not centered on the need for help to provide childcare but to gain emotional support. Among the factors that contribute to the maintenance of singleparenting, we can highlight the prioritization of the mother role, the child’s adolescence in addition to a restrict supportive back-up.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de ser madre de un niño con autismo en el contexto de familias monoparentales. Fue realizada una investigación cualitativa, en la cual participaron cuatro madres de hijos con trastorno del Espectro Autista. Fueron utilizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas y posteriormente, los datos fueron sometidos al análisis textual cualitativo. Los resultados revelaron que los sentimientos y desafíos son semejantes a los de madres de niños con autismo que no viven en contexto monoparental. Se cree que la diferencia pueda estar en la intensidad, esto es, en la monoparentalidad, las dificultades pueden ser agravadas por la ausencia de un compañero. Sobre la posibilidad de una nueva relación afectiva, cuando existe, aunque sea remota, no está centrada en la necesidad de auxilio en los cuidados con el hijo, pero sí en el apoyo emocional. Entre los factores que pueden contribuir al mantenimiento de la monoparentalidad, destacamos la priorización de la función materna y la adolescencia del niño, además de una red de apoyo restringida.

Influência das composições familiares monoparentais no desenvolvimento da criança: revisão de literatura / Influence of single-parent families on child development: literature review / Influencia de las composiciones de la familia monoparental en el desarrollo del niño: revisión de la literatura

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura para identificar a influência da composição familiar monoparental sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, considerando as bases de dados LILACS, PsyINFO, SciELO e BVS e o período de janeiro de 2010 a abril de 2015. Nos seis artigos selecionados identificou-se o ano da publicação, o país de origem e o foco do estudo, bem como suas características metodológicas e principais resultados encontrados. Os resultados apontam para o aumento do risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos psíquicos, desenvolvimento de problemas comportamentais e de aprendizagem e destacam a importância de intervenções multidisciplinares junto às famílias, principalmente nos âmbitos social e psicológico, que visem a auxiliar seus membros no desempenho dos seus papéis e funções.

The aim of the study was to conduct a literature review to identify the influence of single-parent families on child development. Consulted databases were LILACS, PsycINFO, SciELO and BVS on the period of January 2010 to April 2015. In the six selected articles we identified the year of publication, country of origin and the focus of the study, as well as its methodological features and main findings. Results indicate an increased risk of developing psychological disorders, development of behavioral and learning problems and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary interventions with families, especially in social and psychological spheres, aiming to assist its members in the performance of their roles and functions.

El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar la literatura para identificar la influencia de la composición familiar monoparental en el desarrollo infantil, teniendo en cuenta las bases de datos LILACS, PsycINFO, SciELO y BVS y el período comprendido entre enero de 2010 y abril de 2015. Los seis artículos seleccionados fueron identificados por su año de publicación, país de origen y el foco del estudio, así como sus características metodológicas y conclusiones principales. Los resultados indican un mayor riesgo de desarrollar trastornos psicológicos, desarrollo de problemas de conducta y aprendizaje y destacan la importancia de las intervenciones multidisciplinares en las familias, sobre todo en la esfera social y psicológica, que busquen auxiliar a sus miembros en el desarrollo de sus roles y funciones.

Límites, reglas, comunicación en familia monoparental Con hijos adolescentes / Boundaries, rules, interactional communication in single-parent family with family with teenage children

En este artículo se hace una revisión fundamentada en investigaciones a nivel local, nacional e internacional sobre los cambios que en la contemporaneidad han afectado la estructura familiar y han contribuido a nuevos tipos de familia. En este caso, el interés ha sido analizar las conclusiones de los investigadores sobre las familias monoparentales con hijos adolescentes encontrando diferencias en los resultados. Algunos investigadores señalan que este tipo de familia coloca en riesgo a los hijos adolescentes en temas de drogadicción, delincuencia; otros expresan que no se puede generalizar a todas las familias monoparentales, por esto es importante estudiar la función que desempeña el padre o la madre que lidera la familia, para favorecer el desarrollo psicológico de los hijos. Por lo anterior, se pretende estudiar en las familias monoparentales que se encuentran en la etapa vital de la adolescencia, su dinámica, especialmente los límites, reglas y comunicación interaccional como aspectos que organizan la convivencia en pro del desarrollo de sus integrantes, en especial de los adolescentes que están en la tarea vital de forjar su identidad.

This article reviews local, national and international research on the changes that have affected the contemporary family structure and have contributed to new types of family. In this case, interest has centered in know the conclusions of the researchers on single-parent families with teenagers because they have found differences in the outcomes. Some researchers point out that this type of family place the children at risk for substance abuse, crime, etc., while others say that cannot be generalized to all single- parent families. So it is important to study the role of the father leading the family, the role exerted to promote the psychological development of children. Thus we wish to study in single-parent families that are in the life stage of adolescence, its dynamics, especially limits, rules and interactional communication as aspects that organize coexistence favoring the development of its members especially teenagers in the vital task of forging their identity.

Quando um dos genitores detém a guarda dos filhos: que configuração familiar é essa? / When one of the parents has custody of his children: what family configuration is that?

No presente artigo, elaborado a partir de uma revisão assistemática da literatura, baseada em livros e artigos científicos, é abordada a diversidade de configurações familiares. Com o foco nas famílias pós-divórcio constituídas por um genitor e seus filhos, o objetivo é discutir as nomenclaturas que descrevem essa configuração familiar e sua dinâmica de funcionamento. Evidenciou-se que denominações como família monoparental, família de progenitor único, família pós-divórcio chefiada por um genitor e famílias mononucleares tendem a ser utilizadas indiscriminadamente. Verificou-se divergência na conceituação, inclusive entre autores que utilizam a mesma nomenclatura. Após a separação, ocorre uma reorganização familiar. Os papéis intrafamiliares se modificam e o genitor que detém a guarda pode acumular tarefas. Há probabilidade de envolvimento dos filhos nas tarefas domésticas e o núcleo familiar tende a aproximar-se da família ampliada em busca de apoio. Caracterizar as famílias chefiadas por um dos genitores contribui para compreender sua dinâmica de funcionamento...

In the present article, drawn from an unsystematic review of literature, and based on books and scientific articles, it is addressed the aspect of the family structures’ diversity. With the focus on post-divorce families comprised of one parent and his children, the aim is to discuss the various designations used to describe this family arrangement and functioning. It became evident that various concepts such as one parent family, single-parent family, single-parent headed post-divorce family and “mononuclear” family are used indiscriminately. It was verified divergence in the conceptualization even among authors who use the same nomenclature. After divorce, a family reorganization happens. The intrafamiliar roles change and the parent who has the custody can accumulate household chores. There is a probability of children getting involved in those chores and the core family tends to approach to the extended family for support. Characterizing families headed by one parent contributes to a better understanding of how they work...

Estrés materno y configuración familiar: estudio comparativo en familias chilenas monoparentales y nucleares de bajos ingresos / Maternal Stress and Family Constitution: Comparative Study on Chilean, Single-Mother and Nuclear, Low-Income Families

Los estudios sobre estrés materno durante la crianza infantil han considerado variables contextuales para explicarlo. El nivel socioeconómico (NSE) así como la configuración familiar han sido variables relevantes, asociándose monoparentalidad en familias de bajos ingresos a mayores niveles de estrés materno. Se estudian los niveles de estrés materno en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales de NSE bajo, considerando el estrés en distintas dimensiones, asociado al rol materno, a la interacción madre-hijo y a la percepción de dificultades en el niño percibidas por la madre. Se estudia un total de 169 diadas, 80 pertenecientes a familias monoparentales y 89 pertenecientes a familias nucleares con niños entre los 4 y 15 meses de edad. Se evaluaron los niveles de estrés materno con el Parental Stress Index, versión abreviada, desarrollado por R. Abidin (1995). Los resultados muestran niveles de estrés significativamente más altos en las madres pertenecientes a familias monoparentales en el estrés asociado al rol materno, a la percepción del niño como difícil y en el estrés total.

Studies on maternal stress during child raising have taken into consideration contextual variables to explain it. The socioeconomic level, as well as the family constitution have been relevant variables, associating single-parenting in low-income families with greater levels of maternal stress. Maternal stress levels in Chilean, nuclear and single-mother low income families are studied, considering stress in various dimensions, associated to the maternal role, to the mother-child interaction and to the difficulties the mother perceives in the child. 169 Dyads are studied, 80 of them of single-mother families and the other 89 of nuclear families, with children between the ages of 4 to 15 months. Maternal stress levels were measured with the Parental Stress Index, abbreviated version, developed by R. Abidin (1995). The results show significantly higher stress levels in mothers of single-parent families on stress associated to the maternal role, to the perception of a difficult child, and to total stress.

Os irmãos nas novas configurações familiares / Siblings in the new family configurations

Apesar do pouco investimento em estudos no âmbito da relação entre irmãos, este é um tema complexo e rico, abarcando diversas interações em seu desenvolvimento. Com as intensas transformações no âmbito das configurações familiares, acentuadas com o incremento nas taxas de divórcio a partir da década de 1990, a relação entre irmãos, assim como toda a estrutura familiar, ganhou em complexidade. Neste contexto, os laços que unem os membros familiares estariam caminhando para uma menor exigência de consanguinidade em nome de um incremento das relações por meio de laços afetivos de apoio mútuo. A partir desta perspectiva, o presente estudo visou a uma aproximação do universo dos irmãos nas novas configurações familiares a começar do olhar dos filhos adolescentes. Participaram da pesquisa seis adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 18 anos que viviam em famílias monoparentais ou reconstituídas e possuíam meios-irmãos e/ou irmãos políticos/circunstanciais. A análise de conteúdo qualitativadas entrevistas indicou a relevância do convívio próximo entre os irmãos para o sentimento de fratria. Além disso, o relacionamento estabelecido com o progenitor comum ou o/apadrasto/madrasta foi apontado pelos adolescentes como importante para o reconhecimento e a qualidade do relacionamento fraterno. O vínculo fraterno seria delimitado, em última instância, pelas ligações afetivas estabelecidas entre os membros da família, sendo necessários, para tanto, o convívio, o apoio mútuo, a troca afetiva.

Despite the few investments in studies on sibling’s relationships, this is a complex and rich theme, which involves many interactions throughout its development. With the intense changes in family configurations, marked by the increase in divorce rates from the 90s decade, siblings’ relationships and the whole family structure have been added in complexity. Within this context, the bonds connecting family members would be directed to a lower consanguinity demand towards an increase in relationships based on affective and supportive bonds. From this perspective, this study aimed to investigate siblings’ universe within new family configurations, from teenagers’ perspective. Six teenagers participated in the research, being fifteen to eighteen years old, living in single parent families or step-families, who had half blood siblings or step siblings. The qualitative content analysis of the interviews indicated the importance of close interaction among siblings to the sense of siblinghood. Furthermore, the relationship established with the common parent or stepfather/mother has been identified by the teenagers as an important factor for the acknowledgement and for the quality of the siblings’ relationship. The sibling bond was ultimately defined by the emotional connections experienced among family members, considering close interaction, support and affective exchanges as necessary items.