Revisão sistemática sobre bullying e família: uma análise a partir dos sistemas bioecológicos / Systematic review on bullying and family: an analysis based on bioecological systems / Revisión sistemática sobre acoso escolar y familia: un análisis a partir de los sistemas bioecológicos

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as relações entre o contexto familiar e o envolvimento em situações de bullying escolar. Método Foram consultadas as bases de dados Web of Science, PsycoInfo, PubMed, Lilacs e a biblioteca virtual SciELO, utilizando nas buscas os termos bullying, família e pais. Atenderam aos critérios de seleção e elegibilidade 61 artigos. O corpus foi analisado a partir do referencial Bioecológico do Desenvolvimento. Resultados Evidenciou-se que as experiências dos estudantes em situações de bullying são multifacetadas e possuem relações com o contexto familiar. Elementos do microssistema como violências na família, práticas parentais, clima e tipo de arranjo familiar, foram mais explorados e relacionados ao bullying. Entretanto, também foram considerados o relacionamento dos pais com os amigos dos filhos, a escolaridade dos pais e as condições socioeconómicas, dos sistemas exo, meso e macro, em relação ao bullying. Conclusão A revisão contribui com a literatura ampliando a abordagem sobre o fenômeno que afeta a saúde e o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the relationships between family context and involvement in school bullying. Methods The following databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycoInfo, Pub-Med, Lilacs and SciELO virtual library, using the terms bullying, family and parents. A total of 61 papers met the eligibility criteria. The corpus was analyzed through the Bioecological Development Framework. Results The experiences of students experiencing situations of bullying are multifaceted and are related to the family context. Elements from the microsystem, such as violence in the family, parental practices, environment and type of family arrangements, were the elements more frequently explored and related to bullying, though the relationships of parents with the children's friends, the parents' education and socioeconomic conditions, along with the exo, meso and macro systems were also related to bullying. Conclusion The review contributes to the literature by broadening the approach to this phenomenon that affects the health and development of children and adolescents.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las relaciones entre el contexto familiar y el envolvimiento en las situaciones de acoso escolar. Método Se han consultado las bases de datos Web of Science, PsycoInfo, PubMed, Lilacs y la biblioteca virtual SciELO, utilizando en las búsquedas los términos acoso escolar, familia y padres. Se atendieron a los criterios de selección y elegibilidad 61 artículos. El corpus fue analizado a partir del referencial bioecológico del desarrollo. Resultados Se evidenció que las experiencias de los estudiantes en situaciones de acoso escolar son de múltiples facetas y poseen relaciones con el contexto familiar. Los elementos del microsistema como violencias en la familia, prácticas parentales, clima y tipo de arreglo familiar, fueron más explorados y relacionados al acoso. Sin embargo, también fueron considerados la relación de los padres con los amigos de los hijos, la escolaridad de los padres y las condiciones socioeconómicas, de los sistemas exo, meso y macro, en relación al acoso. Conclusión La revisión contribuye con la literatura ampliando el enfoque sobre el fenómeno que afecta la salud y el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes.(AU)

Family Issues in Neurorehabilitation

Despite modern society's advancement in health care, family members remain the primary long term caregivers of individuals with chronic disease and disability. Recently, there has been growing interest in difficulties families experience providing care for a person with a brain injury. Because family members play a critical role in the long-term neurorehabilitation, reducing family members' careburden is very important for a patient as well as their family members. Therefore, understanding about family issues in neurorehabilitaiotn is necessary for health professionals who meet and treat them. This study investigated what is the most common issue which family members of neurorehabilitation patients, using the checklist about difficulties of family experience after a brain injury. The family members of 111 neurorehabilitation inpatients reported their experience about difficulties of caring patients. Five major family issues in neurorehabilitation are needs of clear explanation of the patient's condition and prognosis, financial problem, fear of recurrence, needs of information about social services and needs of information about community resource. Social isolation, frustration due to decreased personal time, increased stress and decreased quality of life, patient's poor motivation of treatment, patient's changed personality, adjustment problem after discharged from hospital are also family concerned about. Interventions designed to meet family caregivers' needs in these issues should be implemented. Recommendations for family support services are offered.