Cimento biocerâmico no tratamento conservador de perfuração radicular em molar inferior / Bioceramic sealer in conservative treatment of mandibular molar root perforation

Introdução: A perfuração radicular é um acidente técnico-operatório que resulta em comunicação da cavidade pulpar com os tecidos periodontais. Esse tipo de acidente pode apresentar prognóstico desfavorável, por afetar significativamente o soalho da câmara coronária ou os terços cervical, médio e apical do canal radicular. Entre os fatores que interferem no prognóstico das perfurações radiculares, destacam-se: localização, extensão, presença ou ausência de bolsa periodontal; tempo decorrido entre a perfuração e o tratamento; e tipo de material obturador. Nesse contexto, os cimentos obturadores de canais denominados biocerâmicos surgiram como uma proposta inovadora para tratamento de perfurações antes consideradas de prognóstico desfavorável. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar o tratamento de uma perfuração radicular em molar inferior com o cimento biocerâmico EndoSequence BC Sealer, com três anos de acompanhamento. Resultados: As imagens radiográficas e os dados clínicos do paciente evidenciaram o sucesso no tratamento da perfuração, com reparo da lesão perirradicular. Conclusão: O cimento endodôntico biocerâmico EndoSequence BC Sealer associado com a retomada do trajeto original do conduto e sua instrumentação favoreceram o reparo dos tecidos perirradiculares, sugerindo propriedades biológicas promissoras de compatibilidade e bioativida (AU).

Introduction: Root perforation is a technical-surgical accident that results in communication of the pulp cavity with periodontal tissues. This type of accident may have an unfavorable prognosis because it significantly affects the floor of the coronary chamber or the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the root canal. Factors that interfere with the prognosis of root perforations include location, extension, presence or absence of periodontal pocket, time elapsed between perforation and treatment, and type of obturator material. In this context, bioceramic canal sealers have emerged as an innovative proposal for treatment of perforations previously considered to have an unfavorable prognosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the treatment of a lower molar root perforation with the EndoSequence BC Sealer bioceramic sealer after a 3-year follow up. Results: Radiographic images and patient clinical data showed success in the treatment of perforation with repair of the periradicular lesion. Conclusion: Endo-Sequence BC Sealer bioceramic endodontic sealer associated with the resumption of the original conduit path and its instrumentation favored the repair of periradicular tissues, suggesting promising biological properties of compatibility and bioactivity (AU).

Application of multi-point acupuncture and lavage in facial filling material removal / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of multi-point acupuncture and lavage on removing facial filling material.Methods:From May 2015 to May 2020, the Department of Plastic Surgery of Tianjin Time Plastic Aesthetic Clinic removed the filling materials from 38 patients (4 males, 34 females; 19-55 years, with average 28 years). During the operation, multi-point acupuncture were performed with an 18G needle to perforate different cavities of the fillers to press them out; with injection syringe flushing fluid was injected with a needle into the filling material area with repeated lavage through puncture points.Results:On average, 90% of the filling materials were recovered by this method, 5 cases were removed twice; follow-up for 6-12 months after operation showed that postoperative appearance was natural, and no scar and hyperpigmentation occurred; there were no cases of postoperative infection with ideal effects.Conclusions:Multi-point acupuncture and lavage treatment can remove more facial filling material; although there is also small amount of filling material left, it is not affect clinical efficacy. This method basically does not damage the surrounding normal tissue, and therefore it is worthy of clinical application.

Endodontic retreatment using a single instrument from four nickel-titanium systems - a micro-ct study

Abstract This study evaluated the efficiency of using a single instrument from three different rotary multi-file systems and compared them with that of a reciprocating single-file for endodontic retreatment by means of micro-CT. Sixty extracted canines were prepared using a size F2 ProTaper Universal file and obturated. After 30 days of storage at 37ºC and 100% humidity, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) based on the type of instrument used to retreatment: ProTaper Next (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), TRUShape 3D (TS), and WaveOne (WO). The canals were retreated using only the size 40 instrument from each system according to the manufacturer's recommendations for torque and speed. The time required to remove the filling material was recorded in seconds. The amount of initial and residual filling material and the quantity of dentin removed were assessed by means of micro-CT. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis) at a 5% significance level. TS instruments required the highest (p<0.05) amount of time (mean, 384.80 ±144.92) compared with the WO (229.67±68.16) and PTG (248.67±64.22) and not so different from PTN instruments (327.67±133.3). No differences in the amount of dentin removed, initial and residual filling volume, and percentages of filling material were observed among the groups. The use of a single rotary instrument from the PTG, TS, and PTN systems was as effective as that of the single-file reciprocating WO system. However, none of the instruments was able to remove the filling materials completely.

Resumo Este estudo laboratorial avaliou por meio de micro-CT a eficiência do uso de um único instrumento de três sistemas rotatórios em retratamentos endodônticos, comparados a um instrumento único reciprocante. Sessenta caninos extraídos foram preparados usando o sistema ProTaper Universal (F2) e obturados. Após 30 dias de armazenamento a 37 ºC e 100% de umidade, os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n = 15), de acordo com o instrumento utilizado para remover as obturações endodônticas: ProTaper NEXT (PTN), ProTaper Gold (PTG), TRUShape 3D (TS) e WaveOne (WO). Os canais foram retratados usando apenas o instrumento tamanho 40 de cada sistema, seguindo as recomendações do fabricante para torque e velocidade. O tempo necessário para remover a obturação foi registrado em segundos. A quantidade de material remanescente e o volume de dentina removida foram avaliadas por meio de micro-CT. Análise estatística foi realizada (ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis), com nível de significância de 5%. O tempo de trabalho no grupo TS foi significativamente maior (p<0.05) (média, 384,80 ± 144,92) comparado a WO (229,67 ± 68,16) e PTG (248,67 ± 64,22), e similar a PTN (327,67 ± 133,3). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos na quantidade de dentina removida e nas porcentagens de material obturador residual. O uso de apenas um instrumento rotatório dos sistemas PTG, TS e PTN foi tão eficaz quanto o do sistema WO reciprocante na remoção do material obturador. No entanto, nenhum dos instrumentos conseguiu remover completamente os materiais obturadores.

Qualidade de três técnicas para preenchimento do canal radicular: análise in vitro de cortes transversais em molares inferiores / Quality of three techniques for root canal filling: an in vitro cross-sectional analysis in mandibular molars

Introdução: o sistema reciprocante pode preparar o canal radicular usando um único instrumento; entretanto, para garantir o sucesso endodôntico, a obturação radicular deve ser de alta qualidade. Para isso, várias técnicas podem ser usadas, e é importante que sua eficiência seja determinada. Assim, o presente estudo analisou três técnicas diferentes, considerando a capacidade de preenchimento da obturação do canal radicular. Métodos: o estudo envolveu 30 molares inferiores humanos extraídos; os canais mesiais desses dentes foram instrumentados com o sistema WaveOne e, então, divididos em três grupos, de acordo com a técnica utilizada para o preenchimento do canal radicular. A técnica de cone único, técnica híbrida de Tagger e uma técnica experimental (cone único mais o uso do condensador guta-percha) foram utilizadas para os Grupos I, II e II, respectivamente. Os dentes obturados foram cortados transversalmente em seções de 0,3 mm a 2, 4 e 6 mm do ápice do canal radicular. As seções foram, então, digitalizadas e analisadas. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn, com valores de p < 0,05 indicando significância. Resultados: não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos experimentais em relação às quantidades de guta-percha ou cimento utilizado. No entanto, nos Grupos II e III, houve menor ocorrência de espaços vazios no preenchimento do canal radicular do que no Grupo I (p < 0,05). Conclusão: conclui-se que as técnicas de preenchimento do canal radicular apresentadas no presente estudo geraram um baixo número de espaços vazios e que as técnicas termoplastificadoras conferem menos espaços vazios (AU).

ntroduction: Reciprocating system can prepare the root canal using only one instrument. However, to ensure successful endodontic treatment, it must result in high-quality root canal filling. In this regard, several techniques can be used, and it is important that their efficiency is determined. This study analyzed three different techniques in terms of their ability to fill root canal. Material and Methods: The study involved 30 extracted human mandibular molars. Mesial canals of these teeth were instrumented using WaveOne system and then divided into three groups according to the technique used for root canal filling. The single-cone technique, Tagger's hybrid technique, and an experimental technique (single-cone plus gutta-percha condenser) were used for Groups I, II, and II, respectively. Filled teeth were sectioned transversely into 0.3-mm sections 2, 4, and 6 mm from the root canal apex. The sections were then digitized and analyzed. Data were statistically compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, with p-values <0.05 indicating significance. Results: There was no significant difference among experimental groups in terms of the amount of gutta-percha or sealer used. However, in Groups II and III, there were fewer voids in root canal filling than in Group I (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The techniques for root canal filling presented in the current study yielded a low number of empty spaces, and thermoplastification techniques result infewer voids (AU).

Physicochemical properties and bioactive potential of a new epoxy resin-based root canal sealer

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties and bioactive potential of Sealer Plus, in comparison with MTA Fillapex, Sealapex and AH Plus. Setting time, flow, and radiopacity were evaluated based on ISO 6876 Standard. Flow was also assessed in area (mm²). The solubility and volumetric change of the sealers were evaluated after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Solubility was evaluated by the difference in mass of materials before and after immersion. Volumetric change was evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The bioactive potential was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after immersion in PBS. Data were compared using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Sealer Plus presented the shortest setting time (196 min.) and Sealapex the longest (912 min.) (p<0.05). AH Plus showed the highest radiopacity (9.5 mm Al) and MTA Fillapex the lowest (2.7 mm Al) (p<0.05). All the sealers presented flow in accordance with ISO 6876/2012 (>17 mm). Sealer Plus showed low solubility and volumetric change (<1%), and MTA Fillapex showed the highest solubility (>25%), and volumetric change (>4%) after all time intervals (p<0.05). MTA Fillapex was the only sealer that showed bioactive potential. In conclusion, Sealer Plus presented proper physicochemical properties. However, this sealer did not present a bioactive potential.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas e o potencial bioativo de Sealer Plus, em comparação com MTA Fillapex, Sealapex e AH Plus. Tempo de presa, escoamento e radiopacidade foram avaliados com base nas normas ISO 6876. O escoamento foi também avaliado em área (mm²). A solubilidade e a alteração volumétrica dos cimentos foram avaliadas após 7 e 30 dias de imersão em água destilada. A solubilidade foi analisada pela diferença entre as massas dos cimentos antes e após imersão. A alteração volumétrica foi avaliada por meio de microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT). O potencial bioativo dos cimentos foi observado por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) após imersão em PBS. Os dados foram comparados usando os testes ANOVA e Tukey (α=0.05). Sealer Plus apresentou o tempo de presa mais curto (196 min.) e Sealapex o mais longo (912 min.) (p<0.05). AH Plus mostrou a radiopacidade mais alta (9.5 mm Al) e MTA Fillapex a mais baixa (2.7 mm Al) (p<0.05). Todos os cimentos tiveram escoamento de acordo com as normas ISO 6876/2012 (>17 mm). Sealer Plus mostrou baixos valores de solubilidade e alteração volumétrica (<1%) e MTA Fillapex teve os valores mais altos de solubilidade (>25%) e alteração volumétrica (>4%) em todos os períodos avaliados (p<0.05). MTA Fillapex foi o único cimento que mostrou potencial bioativo. Como conclusão, Sealer Plus apresentou propriedades físico-químicas adequadas, entretanto, não apresentou potencial bioativo.

A micro-computed tomographic study of remaining filling materials of two bioceramic sealers and epoxy resin sealer after retreatment

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the presence of residual root canal filling material after retreatment using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted human teeth (single- and double-rooted, n = 21/each; C-shaped, n = 15) were prepared with ProFile and randomly assigned to three subgroups for obturation with gutta-percha and three different sealers (EndoSeal MTA, EndoSequence BC sealer, and AH Plus). After 10 days, the filling material was removed and the root canals were instrumented one size up from the previous master apical file size. The teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after retreatment. The percentage of remaining filling material after retreatment was calculated at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni post hoc correction. RESULTS: The tested sealers showed no significant differences in the percentage of remaining filling material in single- and double-rooted teeth, although EndoSeal MTA showed the highest value in C-shaped roots (p < 0.05). The percentage of remaining filling material of AH Plus and EndoSeal MTA was significantly higher in C-shaped roots than in single- or double-roots (p < 0.05), while that of BC sealer was similar across all root types. EndoSeal MTA showed the highest values at the apical thirds of single- and double-roots (p < 0.05); otherwise, no significant differences were observed among the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, a large amount of EndoSeal MTA remained after retreatment, especially in C-shaped root canals.

Comparative Histologic Study of 3-Root Canal Filling Materials for Dog's Teeth / 대한소아치과학회지

Endodontic treatment of primary molars is a great challenge to the dentists because of their complex morphology. However, there have been limited controlled in vivo studies about filling materials for primary teeth. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate and compare histologic responses of different calcium hydroxide canal filling materials that are used in daily clinical practice.Pulpectomies were performed in 132 teeth of the dogs. The root canals were randomly filled with either Vitapex® (n = 44), Metapex® (n = 44), or Metapaste® (n = 44). After 4 or 13 weeks, respectively after operation, the dogs were sacrificed, and teeth were processed for histologic examinations. Inflammatory reaction was evaluated and scored in a blind manner. The Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the tested groups.In 4-week-group, all inflammatory responses were in normal range except for fibrosis. In 13-week-group, increased response to various inflammation reaction was shown compared to the 4-week-group. However, there were no statically significant differences between the tested groups in all inflammatory reaction.Overall, there were no significant differences among three materials in responses of apical tissues and all of them showed favorable tissue responses.

Push-out Bond Strength of Root-end Filling Materials

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of root-end filling materials. Forty 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from human single-rooted teeth. After root canal preparation using a 1.5 mm diameter cylindrical drill, the dentinal walls were prepared by diamond ultrasonic tip (CVD T0F-2). The specimens were divided according the material (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). The push-out test was performed in a mechanical test machine (EMIC DL 2000) at 1 mm/min speed. The failure type was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test, at 5% significance level. MTAA (19.18 MPa), MTAS (19.13 MPa) and S26 (15.91 MPa) showed higher bond strength (p<0.05). ZOE (9.50 MPa) showed the least bond strength values (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was prevalent in all groups, except for ZOE, which showed mixed failures. It was concluded that root-end filling materials MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer and Sealer 26 showed higher bond strength to dentinal walls than zinc oxide and eugenol cement after retrograde preparation.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união de materiais retrobturadores. Quarenta fatias de 2 mm de espessura foram obtidas a partir de dentes unirradiculares humanos. Após o preparo do canal radicular usando uma broca cilíndrica de 1,5 mm de diâmetro, as paredes de dentina foram preparadas usando uma ponta de ultra-som diamantada (CVD T0F-2). As amostras foram divididas de acordo com os materiais (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) e óxido de zinco e eugenol (ZOE). O teste de push-out foi realizado utilizando uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC DL 2000) com velocidade de 1 mm/min. O tipo de falha foi avaliado em estereomicroscópio. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com níveis de variância de 5%. MTAA (19,18 MPa), MTAS (19,13 MPa) e S26 (15,91 MPa) apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). ZOE (9,50 MPa) apresentou os menores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). A falha adesiva foi prevalente em todos os grupos, com exceção do ZOE, que apresentou falhas mistas. Concluiu-se que os materiais retrobturadores MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer e Sealer 26 apresentam maior resistência de união às paredes dentinárias que o óxido de zinco e eugenol após o preparo retrógrado.

Influence of surface roughness on oral streptococcal adhesion forces to dental filling materials / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study is to determine the common oral streptococcal adhesion forces by using composite resin and glass ionomer cement (GIC) with different degrees of surface roughness via atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The influence of surface roughness on bacterial adhesion force is also discussed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polishing and grinding were applied to obtain 300, 200, 100, and 10 nm surfaces of light-cured composite resin and GIC samples. Surface topography was assessed by AFM analysis. Initial colonizers (Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mitis) and cariogenic bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus) were used to obtain bacteria-modified AFM probes. The force-distance curves were also measured by AFM analysis to determine the adhesion forces of bacteria on the surfaces of the composite resin and GIC. Material surface roughness was analyzed using ANOVA, and adhesion forces were subjected to nonparametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test). Comparison among groups was performed by Dunn's test. Material surface roughness and bacterial adhesion forces were subjected to correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bacterial adhesion forces increased with increasing material roughness. The adhesion forces of the four bacterial species reached the maximum on the material surface of 300 nm. The adhesion force of Streptococcus mutans increased from 0.578 nN to 2.876 nN on GIC surfaces with 10 and 300 nm roughness. The adhesion forces of the four species on the surface of the composite resin were stronger than that of GIC. The initial colonizers exhibited stronger adhesion forces to different materials than the cariogenic strains. Intergroup differences were evident on the 200 and 300 nm material surfaces.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The surface roughness of the material significantly affected the bacterial adhesion forces, and a significant linear correlation existed between both factors. The bacterial adhesion forces of the GIC were lower than that of the composite resin. Furthermore, surface roughness exhibited less influence on the cariogenic strains than that on the initial colonizers.</p>

Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine.

Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) fulfills many of the ideal properties of the root‑end filling material. However, its low cohesive property often makes it difficult to handle. Biodentine, new calcium‑silicate‑based cement has been developed to improve some MTA drawbacks such as its difficult handling property and long‑setting time. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare at different times the microleakage of roots filled with Biodentine and white MTA (WMTA)‑Angelus and to investigate their setting time, handling properties and compressive strength. Materials and Methods: Root canals of single‑rooted teeth were instrumented, filled with either Biodentine or WMTA‑Angelus (n = 15 each) with two positive and two negative control roots and stored at 37°C. Sealing was assessed at 4, 24 h, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks by a fluid filtration method. The initial setting time, handling properties, and compressive strength of the test groups were investigated by a vicat needle, questionnaire of operational hand feel, and universal instron machine, respectively. Results: Significant differences in microleakage were found between two groups at 4‑h and 24 h (P < 0.05) and no difference at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. No significant difference was seen in the setting time of MTA‑Angelus and Biodentine, though latter was found to have better handling consistency. Compressive strength of Biodentine was significantly higher than MTA‑Angelus. Conclusions: The results suggest that the new calcium‑silicate‑based endodontic cement provides improvement in sealing ability as well as clinical manageability of dental filling materials.

Cytotoxicity of newly developed pozzolan cement and other root-end filling materials on human periodontal ligament cell

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity of the pozzolan cement and other root-end filling materials using human periodontal ligament cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endocem (Maruchi), white ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), white Angelus MTA (Angelus), and Super EBA (Bosworth Co.) were tested after set completely in an incubator at 37degrees C for 7 days, Endocem was tested in two ways: 1) immediately after mixing (fresh specimens) and 2) after setting completely like other experimental materials. The methods for assessment included light microscopic examination, cell counting and WST-1 assay on human periodontal ligament cell. RESULTS: In the results of microscopic examination and cell counting, Super EBA showed significantly lower viable cell than any other groups (p < 0.05). As the results of WST-1 assay, compared with untreated control group, there was no significant cell viability of the Endocem group. However, the fresh mixed Endocem group had significantly less cell viability. The cells exposed to ProRoot MTA and Angelus MTA showed the highest viability, whereas the cells exposed to Super EBA displayed the lowest viability (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The cytotoxicity of the pozzolan cement (Endocem) was comparable with ProRoot MTA and Angelus MTA. Considering the difficult manipulation and long setting time of ProRoot MTA and Angelus MTA, Endocem can be used as the alternative of retrofilling material.

Comparing the sealing properties of mineral trioxide aggregate and an experimental ceramic based root end filling material in different environments.

Background: An apical seal is an important factor in achieving success in surgical endodontics. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with a new ceramic based root end filling material (Cold Ceramic) in different environments. Materials and Methods: One hundred teeth were selected. The root canals were instrumented and obturated. Except for the apical 2 mm, the root surfaces were sealed. After root resection, 3 mm depth root-end cavities were prepared. For each material, roots were divided into 3 equal subgroups and the root-end filling was done in different environments (dry, saliva contaminated, blood contaminated). Five roots served as positive and 5 roots as negative controls. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye. Roots were sectioned longitudinally and examined under stereomicroscope to record the extension of dye penetration. Results: All experimental groups demonstrated dye penetration. The lowest linear leakage was seen in Cold Ceramic blood contaminated group while the highest leakage was observed in MTA blood contaminated group. The linear dye penetration of both MTA and Cold Ceramic (CC) groups did not show any significant differences among different environments. Also, the difference between MTA and CC was not significant in dry and saliva contaminated subgroups. Only the difference between dye penetration of MTA and CC in blood contaminated subgroups showed significant difference ( P = 0.008). Conclusion: The sealing property of this ceramic based root end filling material (Cold Ceramic) is better than MTA in blood contaminated condition and at least similar to MTA in other conditions.

Bond strength to root dentin and fluid filtration test of AH Plus/gutta-percha, EndoREZ and RealSeal systems

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the bond strength and seal ability produced by AH Plus/gutta-percha, EndoREZ and RealSeal systems to root canal dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty extracted single-root human teeth, instrumented manually to size 40, were divided into three groups (n=20) according to the sealer used; G1: AH Plus, G2: EndoREZ, and G3: RealSeal sealers. After filling using the lateral condensation technique, each sealer group was randomly divided into two subgroups according to the tests applied (n=10 for µPush-out test and n=10 for fluid filtration test). A fluid filtration method was used for quantitative evaluation of apical leakage. Four 1-mm-thick slices (cervical and medium level) were obtained from each root sample and a µPush-out test was performed. Failure modes were examined under microscopy at 40x, and a one-way ANOVA was applied to analyze the permeability. Non-parametrical statistics for related (Friedman's and Wilcoxon's rank tests) or unrelated samples (Kruskal-Wallis' and Mann-Whitney's tests) allowed for comparisons of µPush-out strength values among materials at the different levels. Statistical significance was accepted for p values <.05. RESULTS: There are no significant differences among fluid filtration of the three sealers. The sealer/core material does not significantly influence the µPush-out bond strength values (F=2.49; p=0.10), although statistically significant differences were detected with regard to root level (Chi2=23.93; p<0.001). AH Plus and RealSeal obtained higher bond strength to intraradicular dentin in the ...

Sealing ability of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate as a root end filling material: An ex vivo evaluation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate when used as a root-end filling material using the dye-penetration technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 single-rooted human teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected, and 3-mm deep root-end cavity preparations were made. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups, each containing 8 teeth, and 2 negative and positive control groups, each containing 8 teeth. Root-end cavities in the experimental groups were filled with the experimental materials. After application of nail polish, the teeth were exposed to India ink for 72 h and longitudinally sectioned, and the extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope. Results : No statistically significant differences were observed in the sealing ability of gray and white MTA mixed with distilled water and 0.12% CHX. Conclusion : CHX appears to be a good alternative to replace distilled water, as a solution to be mixed with MTA.

Use of temporary filling material for index fabrication in Class IV resin composite restoration

When a patient with a fractured anterior tooth visits the clinic, clinician has to restore the tooth esthetically and quickly. For esthetic resin restoration, clinician can use 'Natural Layering technique' and an index for palatal wall may be needed. In this case report, we introduce pre-restoration index technique on a Class IV defect, in which a temporary filling material is used for easy restoration. Chair-side index fabrication for Class IV restoration is convenient and makes a single-visit treatment possible.

Sealability of MTA and calcium hydroxidecontaining sealers

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealability of Fillapex®, endo-CPM-Sealer® and Sealapex®. Material and Methods: Ninety-four freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and decoronated. All teeth were radiographed to confirm the existence of a single and straight root canal, which was prepared using Protaper Universal and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were randomly divided in groups of 10 specimens each according to the sealer, and the canals were filled using the single cone technique and one of the sealers. Four additional teeth were used as controls. The teeth were submitted to dye leakage with Rhodamine B for 24 h but using vacuum on the initial 15 min. Thereafter, they were cut longitudinally and the leakage was measured in a linear fashion from apex to crown. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance level. Results: Fillapex® and Sealapex® showed significantly less dye leakage than endo-CPM-Sealer® (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that Fillapex® and Sealapex® were able to prevent apical dye leakage differently from endo-CPM-Sealer®.

Bond strength of different endodontic sealers to dentin: push-out test

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of different root canal sealers to dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were examined and the coronal and middle thirds of the canals were prepared with a 1.50 mm post drill (FibreKor Post System, Pentron). The teeth were allocated in two experimental groups, irrigated with 2.5 percent NaOCl+17 percent EDTA or saline solution (control group) and instrumented using Race rotary files (FKG) to a size #40 at the working length. Then, the groups were divided into four subgroups and filled with Epiphany sealer (Group 1), EndoREZ (Group 2), AH26 (Group 3) and Grossman's Sealer (Group 4). After 2 weeks of storage in 100 percent humidity at 37ºC, all teeth were sectioned transversally into 2-mm-thick discs. Push-out tests were performed at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine. The maximum load at failure was recorded and expressed in MPa. RESULTS: Means (±SD) in root canals irrigated with 2.5 percent NaOCl and 17 percent EDTA were: G1 (21.6±6.0), G2 (15.2±3.7), G3 (14.6±4.5) and G4 (11.7±4.1).Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed the highest bond strength for the Epiphany's group (p< 0.01) when compared to the other tested sealers. Saline solution decreased the values of bond-strength (p<0.05) for all sealers. CONCLUSION: Epiphany sealer presented higher bond strength values to dentin in both irrigating protocols, and the use of 2.5 percent NaOCl and 17 percent EDTA increased the bond strength values for all sealers.

Tip diameter of 0.04 and 0.06 tapered gutta-percha points from different commercial brands / Diâmetro da ponta (d0) de cones de guta-percha de conicidades 0, 04 e 0, 06 de diferentes marcas comerciais

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the diameter D0 of guttapercha points from three different commercial brands (Tanari Man, Cone Tech and Dentsply) and their original respective values. Materials and methods: A high precision micrometer was used by a single calibrated operator to evaluate if the gutta-percha points are in aggrement with the n. 57 ANSI/ADA specification. Results: For the 0.04 tapered points, Cone Tech showed lower percentage of inadequate points (52%), followed by Dentsply (56%) and Tanari (80%). For the 0.06 tapered points, Cone Tech showed lower percentage of inadequate points (50%), followed by manufacturers Dentsply (53%) and Tanari (81%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is no standardization in the diameter D0 of the gutta-percha points of different commercial brands.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a correlação entre o diâmetro D0 dos cones de guta-percha detrês diferentes marcas comerciais (Tanari Man, Cone Tech e Dentsply) com seus respectivos valores originais. Materiais e métodos: Um micrômetro de alta precisão foi utilizado por um único operador devidamente calibradopara avaliar se os cones de guta-percha estavam de acordo com a norma n. 57 da ANSI/ADA. Resultados:Para a conicidade 0.04, Cone Tech apresentou menor percentual de cones inadequados (52%), seguido deDentsply (56%) e Tanari (80%). Para a conicidade 0.06, Cone Tech apresentou menor percentual de conesinadequados (50%), seguido de Dentsply (53%) e Tanari (81%). Conclusões: Pôde-se concluir que não há padronizaçãono diâmetro D0 dos cones de guta-percha das diferentes marcas comerciais.

Avaliação da partida e operação de filtros anaeróbios tendo bambu como material de recheio / Start up evaluation and operation of anaerobic filters filled up with bamboo

Neste trabalho, foram constituídos três filtros anaeróbios com volume de 500 L preenchidos com anéis de bambu, operando-os com tempo de detenção hidráulica de nove horas. O objetivo foi a determinação do período de partida sem o emprego de inóculo adaptado e a obtenção da eficiência no tratamento de esgoto doméstico, empregando-se um tempo de detenção hidráulica inferior às 12 horas sugeridas pela NBR 7229. Na avaliação do sistema, fez-se uso do carbono orgânico dissolvido, da demanda química de oxigênio, da demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, pH e alcalinidade, evidenciando quanto ao carbono orgânico dissolvido, a necessidade de 19 semanas para que se alcançasse o equilíbrio dinâmico nos reatores. Após esse período, a remoção atingiu 81,4 ± 6,4 por cento. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso de um recheio alternativo nos filtros anaeróbios possibilitou uma eficiência similar a encontrada com materiais tradicionais, mesmo adotando-se um tempo de detenção hidráulica inferior ao indicado pela norma brasileira.

In this paper, three anaerobic filters with 500 L volume were constructed and filled up with bamboo rings, operating with a nine hour hydraulic retention time. The aim was to determinate the start up period without using adapted sludge and reaching efficiency in a wastewater treatment, by deploying hydraulic detention time lower than the 12 hours suggested by the NBR 7229. In the system evaluation, it was used the dissolved organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, and alkalinity, showing in terms of dissolved organic carbon, the need of 19 weeks to reach dynamic equilibrium in the reactors. After this period, the removal achieved 81.4 ± 6.4 percent. Results showed that using an alternative package in anaerobic filters made possible to have an efficacy similar to the one reached with traditional materials, even with the hydraulic detention time lower than the one suggested by the Brazilian law.

The effect of several root-end filling materials on MG63 osteoblast-like cells / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), which is widely used as root-end filling material, with DiaRoot BioAggregate (DB; Innovative BioCaramix Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada), newly developed product, by using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MTA, DB, and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM; Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) were used for root-end filling material while tissue culture plastic was used for control group. Each material was mixed and, the mixtures were left to set for 24 hours. MG63 cells were seeded to each group and then they were cultured for attachment for 4 hours. Following the attachment of cells to the root-end filling material, early cellular response was observed. After another 12 hours'culture, the level of attachment between cells and material was observed and in order to identify the effect of each material to bone formation, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and osteocalin (OC) were estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. As a result, only at OC and the number of cells which were attached to materials, there was no statistical difference between MTA and DB. At other items, there was statistically significant difference in all groups. Although DB has not shown exactly the same cellular response like that of MTA, the number of attached cells shows that biocompatibility of the material and OC indicates bone formation rate. Therefore, if DB is used for root end filling material, it is expected to lead to similar results to MTA.