Study on fast prediction of film coating terminal point of Tianshu Tablets by near- infrared spectroscopy / 中草药

Objective: To investigate how to rapidly predict coating terminal point in the thin film coating of Tianshu Tablets by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: Firstly, synergy interval partial least square (siPLS) was used to optimize the modeling intervals and the pretreatment methods were screened. Secondly, according to the optimal modeling parameters, the conformity test and similarity matching were used to establish calibration models based on the established reference spectra library. Subsequently, by comparing the similarities between the test spectra and the reference spectra, the threshold value was set. The relation among the similarities, threshold value and the coating end point was obtained. Finally, the performance of the calibration model was verified by the validation set. Results: During the coating process, the similarities between the test spectra and the reference spectra were gradually increasing until the similarities of continuous test spectra exceeded the threshold, thus, indicating the end point. Conclusion: Conformity test and similarity matching can sensitively monitor the change of similarities among spectra and the corresponding trend. Both models have high performance, which can accurately predict the coating terminal point. It’s of great significance to reduce batch-to-batch variation in film coating and the loss of coating materials, and improve the coating efficiency and the quality uniformity of solid preparation.

Coating with chitosan film of sea bream (Sparus aurata) fillets: determining shelf life in refrigerator conditions

Abstract In the investigate, we objectived to assess the effect of coating with chitosan film on the shelf life. To this end, skinless sea bream fillets were separated as control group (C), vacuum packed (VP) and coated with chitosan film and vacuum packed (CF+VP). Samples of each group were periodically analyzed for microbiological [Total mesophilic aerobic count (TMAc) and Total psychrophilic aerobic count (TPAc)] and physicochemical [pH, Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N)] in storage time. It was determined that CF+VP had the highest shelf life among the sample groups. The findings of the study showed that covering sea bream fillets with chitosan film and vacuum packaging significantly prolongs the consumption of the sea bream fillets.

Electrostatic Dry Powder Coating for Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Forms / 中国药学杂志

Derived from industrial dry powder coatings, electrostatic dry powder coating for pharmaceutics gained numbers of attentions in recent years. In this technology, powdered coating materials are directly sprayed onto the surface of the solid dosage through an electrostatic gun without using any solvent or water, followed by a curing step to allow those deposited coating particles to coalesce together and form a coating film. The electrostatic dry powder technology has many advantages compared with solvent or aqueous coating such as higher coating efficiency with better coating film, less energy consumption and shorter processing time, which is a promising alternative of liquid coatings used in the present pharmaceutical industry.The objective of this review is to introduce the development background, fundamental principles, technological superiority of the electrostatic powder coating for solid dosage forms,and to summarize and discuss those reported results, giving prospects for the future industrial applications.

Film coating process of Xianqu Tablets based on concept of quality by design / 中草药

Objective To investigate the film coating process of Xianqu Tablets based on the concept of quality by design (QbD), and improve the coating efficiency and stability. Methods Using the QbD as an experimental guidance and the Design-Expert software as a tool, the critical quality attributes affecting Xianqu film coating targets were first determined as the response values, and the process parameters of influencing critical quality attributes were selected as the key factors. Then the Box- Behnken design was used to optimize the process parameters and establish a control space. Finally, the design space were verified by measuring the hygroscopicity of Xianqu Tablets. Results The results showed that the design space was optimized to reduce the actual error by 95% confidence interval, the best range of process parameters were obtained as follow: bed temperature 37-43 ℃, coating solution concentration 9%-11%, coating weight gain 4%-5%. After the Xianqu Tablets were coated under the given conditions, the hygroscopicity of Xianqu Tablets, which had a smooth surface and uniform color, was significantly reduced. Conclusion The desired effects by using a reasonable experimental design concept of QbD were efficiently achieved, it provides a predictive model for the film coating process of Xianqu Tablets through constructing reasonable design space, which not only enhances the flexibility and applicability of the coating process, but also ensures the stable product quality.

Research progress of moisture-proof technology in preparation of traditional Chi-nese medicine / 药学实践杂志

Objective This article reviewed the moisture‐proof strategies of Chinese meteria medica preparation to pro‐vide a basis for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine .Methods Review ,analyze and summarize through referring to relevant literatures in recent years .Results The hygroscopicity of Chinese meteria medica preparation can be influnced by ex‐tractive techniques ,auxiliary material and application of film coating .Conclution Study on techniques of Chinese meteria med‐ica preparation needs further in‐depth investigation .

Recobrimento de sementes de tomate com concentrações crescentes de polímero sintético / Tomato seed coating with growing concentrations of synthetic polymer

A veiculação de fungicidas, inseticidas e reguladores de crescimento por meio da peliculização às sementes de tomate pode ser promissora no contexto da produção de mudas. No entanto, primeiramente, é necessário entender a dinâmica do revestimento com polímeros na germinação e vigor de sementes. Dessa forma, determinaram-se os efeitos da peliculização no potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate e no crescimento de mudas. Para tanto, empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo duas cultivares ('Santa Clara' e 'Kada Gigante') e quatro concentrações do polímero Disco AG Red L-203(r) (0, 50, 100 e 150mL kg-1 de semente), com quatro repetições. A interação entre os fatores (cultivar x concentrações de polímero) ocorreu somente para as variáveis germinação e primeira contagem. As concentrações 100 e 150mL kg-1 prejudicaram a germinação de sementes de tomate da cultivar 'Santa Clara'. A cultivar 'Kada Gigante' obteve um desempenho superior à 'Santa Clara' quanto à emergência de plântulas. O efeito da peliculização na germinação de sementes de tomate depende da cultivar utilizada. O potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate não é alterado pelo uso de polímeros de revestimento.

The airing of fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators through the film coating tomato seed can be promising in the context of the production of seedlings. However, first there is a need to understand the dynamics of polymers in the germination and vigor of seeds. In this way, it was determined the effects of film coating on the physiological potential of tomato seeds and seedling growth. To this end, it was used a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2x4, being two cultivars ('Santa Clara' and 'Kada Gigante') with four concentrations of polymer Disc AG Red L-203(r) (0, 50, 100 and 150mL kg-1 of seed), and four replications. The interaction among the factors (cultivar x polymer concentrations) ocurred only for variables germination and first count. Concentrations 100 and 150mL kg-1 harmed the germination of seeds of tomato cultivate 'Santa Clara'. The 'Kada Gigante' cultivar obtained a better performance when compared to 'Santa Clara' regarding the emergence of seedlings. The effect of film coating on the seeds germination of tomato depends on the cultivar. The physiological potential of tomato seeds is not changed by the use of coating polymers.

Prepraation and detection of in vitro dis solution of if nasteridec oated dispre sible tablets / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the prescription and preparation technology of finasteride dispersible tablets .Methods Wet granulation technique was applied to optimize the formulation and technology of finasteride tablets .Results The formulation of fi-nasteride tablets was that microcrystalline cellulose and lactose acts as diluent , 5% of low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose acts as disintegrant , 5%of povidone in alcohol water mixture acts as adhesive and 15%of opadry 85 G type acts as coating solution .The per-centage of dissolution was more than 90%in 45 miniutes.Conclusion The self-made finasteride tablets had stable quality , reliable process and were suitable for industrialized mass production .

Preparation of pellets containing Pothomorphe umbellata extracts by extrusion-spheronization: improvement of 4-nerolidylcatechol photostability

Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq., Piperaceae, has been extensively used in Brazilian folk medicine and it is well known for its strong antioxidant properties. However, its main active constituent, 4-nerolydilcatechol (4-NC), is sensitive to ultraviolet and visible light, which can limit the use of intermediate and final herbal preparations of this species. In the present work, coated multiparticulate solid dosage forms of P. umbellata were obtained with the purpose of increasing the stability of 4-NC. P. umbellata extract was used as a wetting liquid for the preparation of pellets by extrusion-spheronization. Pellets were coated in a fluidized bed by three different polymers (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), polyvynilpirrolidone K-30 (PVP-K30), and polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol graft-copolymer (PVAPEG)). 4-NC photostability was evaluated by an accelerated photostability protocol. Pellets showed a narrow size distribution and low friability. 4-NC photodegradation followed a second order degradation kinetics with similar k values for the percolate, uncoated pellets and HPMC coated pellets. Photoprotection was higher in pellets coated with PVP-K30 and PVA-PEG. PVA-PEG coated pellets with 6 and 9% weight gain resulted in a final concentration of 4-NC approximately cinco times higher than uncoated pellets or liquid extracts, suggesting the potential of this formulation as a multiparticulate solid dosage form for P. umbellata extracts.

Armazenamento de sementes de soja tratadas com fungicida, inseticida e micronutriente e recobertas com polímeros líquido e em pó / Storage of soybean seed treated with fungicide, insecticide and micronutrient and coated with liquid and powered polymer

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de sementes de soja tratadas com fungicida, inseticida, micronutrientes e recobertas com polímero líquido e em pó, durante seis meses de armazenamento. Sementes de soja da cultivar 'CD 209' foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha, fungicida Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl - M (Maxim XL® - 100mL100kg-1 de sementes), inseticida Thiametoxan (Cruiser 350FS® - 200mL100kg-1 de sementes), micronutriente ComoFix® (165mL100kg-1 de sementes - 24,75mL Mo e 2,475mL Co) e a mistura fungicida + inseticida + micronutriente. Os mesmos tratamentos foram repetidos utilizando o polímero líquido Sepiret 9241 B Green (400mL 100kg-1 de semente) e também o polímero em pó Sepiret Flo Branco (0,5kg100kg-1 de sementes) + o corante Corasem azul (50mL100kg-1 de sementes). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada durante 180 dias de armazenamento pelos testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento de plântulas, hipocótilo e raiz). O recobrimento de sementes de soja com polímeros e produtos protetores as protege durante o armazenamento, enquanto o polímero em pó reduz a germinação das sementes e há interação entre polímeros e produtos sobre o desempenho de sementes após 180 dias de armazenamento.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds treated and coated with fungicide, insecticide, micronutrients and polymers, during six months of storage. Soybean seeds cultivar 'CD 209' were submitted to the following treatments: control, fungicide Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl - M (Maxim XL® - 100mL 100kg-1 seeds), insecticide Thiametoxan (Cruiser 350 FS® - 200mL 100kg-1 seeds), micronutrient ComoFix® (165mL 100kg-1 seeds - 24,75mL Mo and 2,475mL Co) and the mixture fungicide + insecticide + micronutrient. The same treatments were repeated using the liquid polymer Sepiret 9241 B Green (400mL100kg-1 seed) and also powder polymer Sepiret Flo Branco (0,5kg 100kg-1 seeds) + colorant Corasem blue (50mL100kg-1 seeds). Seed quality was evaluated during 180 days on storage by the germination test and vigor tests (first count germination, accelerated aging, seedling, hypocotyl and root length). Soybean seed coating with polymers and protecting products protect the seeds during the storage while powder polymer reduces soybean's seeds germination and there is interaction between polymer's and products over seed performance after storage.

Qualidade fisiológia e bioquímica de sementes de alface revestidas com micronutrientes, aminoácidos e reguladores de crescimento / Physiological and biochemical quality of lettuce seeds coated with micronutrients, aminoacids and growth regulators

A aplicação de aditivos via semente é uma técnica preconizada e muito utilizada pela indústria, porém, pouco se conhece do efeito desta sobre a qualidade fisiológica e bioquímica nas sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do recobrimento com micronutrientes, aminoácidos, reguladores de crescimento e suas combinações na germinação, vigor e atividade de algumas enzimas em sementes de alface. Para a peliculização das sementes, foi feita uma mistura de 50 mL do polímero L88® , 40 mL do aditivo e 10mL de água. Os aditivos utilizados foram micronutrientes, aminoácidos, reguladores de crescimento e a mistura destes. Após a peliculização as sementes foram secadas em temperatura ambiente, e em seguida avaliadas quanto a porcentagem de germinação e de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas e a atividade das enzimas esterase e endo-ß-mananase. Concluiu-se que a adição de micronutrientes, aminoácidose reguladores de crescimento às sementes de alface não interferem na sua germinação e nem a atividade da enzima esterase, mas reduzem a atividade da enzima endo-ß-mananase. O revestimento das sementes de alface com micronutrientes, com a mistura de micronutrientes + reguladores de crescimento e com a mistura de micronutrientes + reguladores de crescimento + aminoácidos aumentam o índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas.

The application of additives via seeds is a technique preconized and greatly utilized by the industry, but, little is known about of the effect upon the physiological and biochemical quality in seeds. This work was accomplished with the purpose of evaluating the effect of the covering with micronutrients, aminoacids, growth regulators and their combinations in the germination, vigor and activity for same enzymes in lettuce seeds. For the film-coating of the seed, a mixture of 50 mL of L88® polymer, 40 mL of the additive and 10 mL of water was done. The additives used were micronutrients, aminoacids, growth regulators and the mixture of these. After film-coating, the seeds were dried in room temperature and next they were evaluated as to the percentage of germination, percentage of emergence and index of emergence velocity of the seedlings and activity of the enzymes esterase and endo--mannase. It follows that the addition of micronutrients, aminoacids and growth regulators to the lettuce seeds do not negatively affect their germination and the esterase enzyme activity, but reduce the activity of the endo--mannase enzyme. The coating of lettuce seeds with micronutrients, with a mixture of micronutrients + growth regulators, and a mixture of micronutrients + growth regulators + aminoacids increase the index of emergence velocity of the seedlings

Armazenamento e qualidade de sementes de tomate enriquecidas com micronutrientes e reguladores de crescimento / Storage and quality of tomato seeds enriched with micronutrients and growth regulators

O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de micronutrientes e reguladores de crescimento na germinação, no vigor, na atividade de algumas enzimas e no teor de proteínas totais em sementes de tomate, durante o armazenamento. As sementes foram tratadas com os produtos Starter®, Cellerate® e Stimulate® nas dosagens correspondentes a 0 por cento, 50 por cento, 100 por cento, 150 por cento e 200 por cento da dose recomendada pelo fabricante, utilizando a técnica de peliculização. As avaliações foram realizadas aos zero, 6 e 12 meses de armazenamento, pelos seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência, atividade das enzimas endo-â-mananase e esterase, teor de proteínas totais e sanidade. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 x 3 ( 3 produtos x 5 doses x 3 épocas de armazenamento), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento. Concluiu-se que a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento contidos no produto Stimulate® promove aumento na velocidade de emergência das plântulas de tomate quando aplicados na dose recomendada e na pré-semeadura; a atividade da enzima esterase aumenta com o período de armazenamento das sementes de tomate, indicando aumento no processo de deterioração; o revestimento enriquecido com os micronutrientes e reguladores de crescimento contidos nos produtos Starter®, Cellerate® e Stimulate® e o armazenamento interferem na atividade da enzima endo-â-mananase em sementes de tomate; há um aumento no teor de proteínas totais em sementes de tomate com o aumento do período de armazenamento.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of micronutrients and growth regulators on the germination, vigor, activity of some enzymes, and on the total protein contents in tomato seeds during the storage. The seeds were treated with the chemicals Starter®, Cellerate®, and Stimulate® at the dosages corresponding to 0 percent, 50 percent, 100 percent, 150 percent, and 200 percent of the dose recommended by the manufacturer, utilizing the film-coating technique. The evaluations were performed at 0, 6, and 12 months of storage by the following parameters: percentage of germination, percentage and emergency velocity rate, activity of enzymes endo-â-mannanase and esterase, total protein content, and health. The completely randomized design in a 3 x 5 x 3 factorial structure was utilized, namely, three chemicals, five doses, and three storage periods with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment. Coating with the chemicals based on micronutrients and growth regulators and storage interfere on the activity of enzyme endo-â-mannanase in the tomatoes and seeds; the activity of enzyme esterase increases with the storage of tomato seeds, pointing to an increase in the deterioration process; there is an increase in the total protein content in tomato seeds throughout the storage period; chemicals based on growth regulators promote an increase in emergency velocity rate of the tomato seedlings when applied at pre-sowing at the recommended dose.

Study on the Preparation of Lingqiao Jiedu Pellets / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To prepare Lingqiao Jiedu Pellets. Methods Lingqiao Jiedu Pellets was prepared by extrusion-spheronization method. Formulation composition and process factors influencing physical properties, such as spherical shape degree and productivity, were optimized. And it had a film coating by fluidized bed. Results Blend the extraction with MCC, and add adequate water. And squeeze with 30 r/min and roll 6 min with the rate of 48 Hz, drying and screening. Conclusion The pellets had a good appearance and stable quality.

Studies on Film Coating Technology of Anshen Buxin Pills / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective Improve sugar coating and finished product stability to be fit for users. Method Adopt new technology of film coating to substitute for sugar coating. Result The finished products which adopt the film coating technology are better to resolve original questions there are some spots on finished products surface and are not fit for some people to use. Reduce dosage of anti-activities and shorten disintegration time, improve products quantity and stability. Conclusion The film coating method is simple and ideal, which is good for application.

Optimization of the Formulation of Film Coating of Metformin Hydrochloride Sustained-release Pellets in Compound Glipizde Extended-release Capsules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of metformin hydrochloride sustained-release pellets prepared using film coating technology. METHODS: Taking release rate in vitro as index, the formulation of the film-coat was prelimilarily selected using one facotr sreening method and optimzed using orthogonal test. The release rate of the prepared metformin hydrochloride sustained-release pellets was determined and compared with that metformin hydrochloride pellets. RESULTS: The optimized formulation was as follows: the film material of Eudragit NE 30D and Eudragit L 30D55 at a ratio of 10∶1 were added with 40% talcum powder and 0.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The release rate of the metformin hydrochloride sustained-release pellets was higher than that of metformin hydrochloride pellets. CONCLUSION: The metformin hydrochloride sustained-release pellets were up to the requirements of sustained release and characterized by 24h continuous drug release.

Studies on Anti-hygroscopic Property of Coated Xianglian Granules / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To improve the anti-hygroscopic propery of Xianglian granules.Methods Film coating technique was used to screen the film coating dissolvent with the dissolving time and anti-hygroscopic property as the criteria.Results The hygroscopic rate of film-coated granules was lower than that of the uncoated granules,especially the granules coated with polyacrylate resin.Conclusion Xianglian granules coated with polyacrylate resin have good anti-hygroscopic property.

Study on moisture-proof of extract granule by film coating in Biantong Capsule / 中成药

Objective: In order to solve the problem of moisture absorption for Biantong Capsule, the extract granule of Chinese medicine is covered with HPMC for Biantong Capsule. Methods: Taking moisture absorption rate as measure index, various facters effected the moisture absorption rate, and the optimal coating process can be selected with well disturbed uniform design and computer analog test. Results: Under the condition of 25℃, relative moisture 75% and 100% respectively, the moisture absorption rate is lower than uncovered granules, the critic relative moisture of covered granules is greater than that of uncovered granules. Conclusion: Chinese medicine of Biantong Capsule covered with HPCM can be served as a good anti moisture method.

Preparation of pellets in Weigukang Capsule / 中成药

AIM: To investigate the preparation and parameter of pellets of traditional Chinese medicine in order to solve the problem of preparation of pellets of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: We took centrifugal spray method to prepare the pellets, and compared effect of spray coating and fluidzed bed coating on the quality of pellets. RESULTS: The best preparation of pellets was determined as followed. The frequency of turntable was 45 HZ, the flow rate of liquid was 1.2 g/min. the relative density of liquid was 1.20 g/cm 3; when coating weigh reached 14%, the better pellets could be obtained. CONCLUSION: The need of the assistant matter of taking spray pellets and film coating was less and roboticized. It accorded with the answer of GMP and the regular production of the preparation of pellets of traditional Chinese medicine.

Study on New Technology of PVA-film Coating for Dengzhanxixin Capsules(Herba Erigerontis) / 中成药

The fluid-bed spray dryer was developed for PVA-film coating of the granules made of extract from Chinese traditional medicine. The experiment result indicated that the dissolution rate of granules from Dengzhanxixin Capsules wash't affected by PVA-film coating. The coated granules could be filled into capsules easily. Their stability was highly raised. This new technology basicalcy solved such problems as: easy moisture-absorbing of extract after vacuum drying at low temperature, difficult capsule-filling and poor stability, which led to the assurance and lift of preparation quality.