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ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of dried fruiting bodies of Fomes officinalis （FOA） against Alzheimer's disease （AD） based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. MethodThe effective components of FOA were retrieved from a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） and previous reports. The targets of the components were searched from PharmMapper and TargetNet， and the targets related to AD from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO）， DrugBank， among other databases. Thereby， the common targets of FOA and AD were obtained， and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and component-target network were established based on STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.1， followed by the topology analysis of the networks， and Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis of the common targets. The results were verified by the molecular docking and the in vitro cell experiment. ResultA total of 24 candidate components and 242 predicted targets of FOA， and 96 common targets of FOA and AD were screened out. The key components included ［2-（1-carboxyhexadecylamino）-2-aminosuccinic acid］， 3-keto-dehydrosulfurenic acid， and eburicoic acid， and the active targets were albumin （ALB）， acetylcholinesterase （AChE）， estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1）， cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， and beta-secretase1 （BACE1）. The common targets were involved in 392 GO terms， and the key terms were the β-amyloid metabolic process and cholinesterase activity. A total of 77 KEGG pathways were obtained， which mainly included estrogen signaling pathway， cholinergic synapse， and AD. The results of molecular docking showed that 7 components of FOA had high binding affinity to amyloid precursor protein （APP）， BACE1， AChE， and Caspase-3. The cell survival rate rose （P<0.01） and the mRNA and protein expression of APP， BACE1， AChE， and Caspase-3 reduced in FOA groups in a dose-dependent manner compared with those in the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study reveals for the first time that FOA has multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway characteristics in the treatment of AD， which serves as a reference for further explaining the mechanism of FOA against AD.
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Objective To investigate the effects of crude Fomes officinalis polysaccharide ( FOPS ) and its purified constituent ( FOPS-a) on mitogen-activated protein kinases ( MAPK) signaling pathway and se-cretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW264. 7 macrophages. Methods RAW264. 7 macrophages were treated with FOPS and FOPS-a respectively at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 μg/ml) for 24 h. RT-qPCR and Western blot methods were respectively used to detect the expression at mRNA level and the phos-phorylated proteins of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase ( JNK ) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK) . Changes in the phosphorylation of these proteins and TNF-α secretion were respectively detected by Western blot and ELISA after treating the macrophages with MAPK-specific inhibitors ( PD98059, SP600125, SB203580). Results Compared with the blank control group, different concentrations of FOPS and FOPS-a could significantly increase the expression at mRNA level and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK (P<0. 05). Three inhibitors of MAPK could markedly decrease the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 and TNF-αsecretion that were induced by FOPS and FOPS-a (P<0. 05). Conclusions FOPS and FOPS-a might have immunomodu-latory effects on RAW264. 7 macrophages through activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathways.
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This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Fomes officinalis polysaccharides (FoP) on exercise-induced fatigue and exercise immune suppression in mice with FoP induced by exercise fatigue and unbalanced exercise immunity.Through treadmill exercise,the long-term exercise immune suppression model fatigue was established.Different doses of FoP were used in the animal experiment.The experimental animal were randomly divided into the positive control group,negative control group,low dose FoP (20 mg· kg-1) + exercise group,middle dose FoP (40 mg· kg-1) + exercise group,and the high dose FoP (80 mg· kg-1) + exercise group.The intragastric administration was given 6 days per week for 8 weeks.Treadmill exercise was administered during these 8 weeks.After 8 weeks,the samples were sacrificed.The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),hemoglobin (HB) and creatine kinase (CK) were detected by kit.And the relative expression of IL-4mRNA,INF-γmRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The results showed that compared with the positive control group,FoP can significantly improve the level of HB in mice,the level of serum CK in each FoP dose group was significantly decreased;compared with the positive control group,FoP group can significantly eliminate MDA with no significant difference among different FoP dose groups.The contents of SOD in serum of different dose FoP group and the negative control group were significantly higher than that of the positive control group.The IL-4 mRNA/INF-γ mRNA ratio of different dose FoP group were in basic equilibrium.It was concluded that Uygur FoP can effectively promote the body fatigue recovery,accelerate the clearance of free radicals,and improve the antioxidant ability and immune status.
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Two new lanostane triterpenoid acids, 12β, 15α-dihydroxy-24-methyl-3,23-dioxo-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-26-oic acid (1), and 3α, 12β-dihydroxy-24-methyl-7,23-dioxo-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid (2), were isolated from the methanolic extract of Uighur medicine Fomes officinalis. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR and HR-MS). Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity assays revealed that both compound 1 and 2 show no inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells, and no cytotoxicity activities against HepG2 cells.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Fames officinialis (Vill. ex. Fr.) Ames. METHODS: The compounds were isolated by chromatography on silica gel column and sephadex LH-20 column, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Four compounds were obtained and identified as 3-(1-carboxyhexadecylamino)-2-aminosuccinic acid(1), albicanic acid(2), ergosta-5, 22, dien-3β-ol(3), and dodecane(4), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2-4 are isolated from the genus for the first time.
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Object To study the hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA damage protecting activities of 5 Uighur herbal medicines Euphorbia humifusa Willd , Borago officinalis L, Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Terminalia chebula Retz. and Fomes officinalis (Vill ex Fr ) Bres Methods The hydroxyl radical scavenging action and DNA damage protection action were determined by CuSO 4 Vit C H 2O 2 yeast and CuSO 4 Vit C H 2O 2 phen DNA chemiluminescence systems respectively Results All 5 Uighur medicinal herbs showed hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA damage protection activities in dose dependent manners Conculsion The hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA protective effects may possibly be the mechanisms of their antiaging and therapeutic effects against various diseases
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Objective To study the chemical constitutents of Fomes officinalis and their inhibiting (effect) on thrombin. Methods Compounds were separated by column chromatography with silica gel and polyamide, whose structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Results Seven compounds were isolated from the chloroform extract. Their structures were identified as: 3-keto-dehydrosulfurenic (Ⅰ), dehydroeburicoic acid (Ⅱ), eburicoic acid (Ⅲ), sulphurenic acid (Ⅳ), dehydrosulphurenic acid (Ⅴ), dehydroeburiconic acid (Ⅵ), versisponic acid D (Ⅶ). The inhibitory rate of compound Ⅶ on thrombin was 45.36% but others were not obvious. Conclusion Compounds Ⅴ, Ⅶ are isolated from the fungus for the first time. Compound Ⅶ is effective to anti-thrombin at higher concentration, while the remainders are not obvious.