Irregularidades registradas durante inspeções sanitárias em restaurantes e similares / Irregularities recorded during sanitary inspections in restaurants and similar

Identificar irregularidades em restaurantes pode auxiliar a minimizar riscos de contaminação. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as irregularidades registradas em inspeções sanitárias de restaurantes e similares em Curitiba, Brasil, entre 2005 a 2017. A descrição das irregularidades foi organizada seguindo as categorias e os itens da legislação de Boas Práticas (BP) para serviços de alimentação do Brasil e as cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura, definidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Do total de 4.098 registros, houve a descrição de 8.327 irregularidades. Em relação às BP, houve a prevalência da descrição de irregularidades nos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2013, e das categorias: edificações, instalações, equipamentos, móveis e utensílios (42,80%); preparação do alimento (11,54%); documentação e registro (9,92%) e matéria-prima, ingredientes e embalagens (9,06%). Em relação às cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura, apenas 3.209 (38,53%) descrições correspondiam a esse tema, com destaque a: manter a limpeza (40,70%) e usar água e matérias-primas seguras (34,71%). Houve uma tendência decrescente na descrição das irregularidades no período estudado, porém ainda é um desafio implementar as BP em restaurantes e similares no Brasil, o que pode favorecer a ocorrência de doenças e aumentar o risco à saúde da população.

Identifying irregularities in restaurants can help minimize contamination risks. The objective of this study was to analyze the irregularities recorded in sanitary inspections of restaurants and similar establishments in Curitiba, Brazil, between 2005 and 2017. The description of the irregularities was categorized following the items and criteria outlined in the Good Practices (GP) legislation for food services of Brazil and the Five Keys to Safer Food, defined by the World Health Organization. Out of the total of 4,098 records, 8,327 irregularities were documented. Concerning GP, there was a prevalence of irregularities described in the years 2005, 2006 and 2013, mainly in the following categories: buildings, installations, equipment, furniture and utensils (42.80%); food preparation (11.54%); documentation and registration (9.92%) and raw materials, ingredients and packaging (9.06%). Regarding the Five Keys to Safer Food, only 3,209 (38.53%) corresponded to this theme, with particular emphasis on maintaining cleanliness (40.70%) and using safe water and raw materials (34.71 %). The study observed a declining trend in the description of irregularities over the study period. However, the successful implementation of GP in restaurants and similar establishments in Brazil remains a challenge, potentially favoring the occurrence of foodborne diseases and increasing the risk to public health.

Análise tricológica de pelos-guarda de Mus musculus, Rattus rattus e Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae) aplicada à pesquisa e à identificação em alimentos / Trichological analysis of guard hairs of Mus musculus, Rattus rattus e Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae) applied to research and identification in food

Introdução: Roedores estão entre as mais importantes pragas do mundo e, quando estes indivíduos ou seus pelos são encontrados nos alimentos, são considerados matérias estranhas indicativas de risco à saúde. Por outro lado, a presença de pelos humanos e dos demais mamíferos é considerada indicativa de falhas das boas práticas. Sendo assim, a caracterização dos pelos dos roedores sinantrópicos e a diferenciação dos pelos das demais espécies de mamíferos mostram-se relevantes e necessárias. Objetivo: Caracterizar os padrões microestruturais dos pelos-guarda das três principais espécies de roedores que infestam ambientes de armazenamento de alimentos e apresentar uma proposta de protocolo para análise tricológica de pelos isolados. Método: Amostras de pelos de roedores das espécies Mus musculus, Rattus rattus e Rattus norvegicus foram coletadas de espécimes colecionados e pelos-guarda íntegros foram selecionados para a preparação de lâminas para observação da microestrutura. No total, 20 pelos-guarda foram analisados para caracterização dos padrões medulares e 91 impressões cuticulares de pelos-guarda foram examinadas para caracterização de padrões cuticulares. Resultados: Observou-se que M. musculus apresentou medula alveolar e cutícula losângica com variações na forma e tamanho das escamas. R. rattus e R. norvegicus apresentaram medula reticulada e cutícula losângica, também com variações. Um protocolo com fluxograma de identificação foi apresentado para a análise dos pelos estudados. Conclusões: Os pelos das espécies de roedores sinantrópicos estudados podem ser diferenciados das demais espécies de mamíferos de interesse sanitário pela presença dos padrões medulares alveolar e reticulado no escudo de pelos-guarda. Para as espécies estudadas, somente o padrão medular do escudo dos pelos-guarda confere caráter diagnóstico.

Introduction: Rodents are among the most important pests in the world and when these individuals or their fur are found in food, they are considered foreign matter indicative of health risk. On the other hand, the presence of human and other mammalian hair is considered indicative of failures in good practices. Thus, the characterization of the hair of synanthropic rodents and its differentiation from other mammal species are relevant and necessary. Objective: To characterize the microstructural patterns of guard hairs of the three main species of rodents that infest food storage environments and to present a proposal for a protocol for the trichological analysis of isolated hairs. Method: Hair samples were plucked from collected specimens of the rodent species Mus musculus, Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. Intact guard hairs were selected for the preparation of slides for observation of the  microstructure. In total, 20 guard hairs were analyzed for the characterization of medullary patterns and 91 guard hair cuticular impressions were examined for the characterization of cuticular patterns. Results: It was observed that M. musculus presented alveolar medulla and losangic cuticle with variations in the shape and size of the scales. R. rattus and R. norvegicus presented reticulated medulla and losangic cuticle, also with variations. A protocol with an identification fluxogram was presented for the analysis of the studied hairs. Conclusions: The hairs of the studied synanthropic rodent species can be differentiated from other mammalian species of health interest by the presence of alveolar and reticulated medullary patterns in the guard hair shield. For the studied species, only the medullary pattern of the guard hair shield confers a diagnostic character.

Vigilância sanitária: cuidados na manipulação de alimentos nas padarias do município de Itabela-BA / Sanitary surveillance: care in food handling in bakeries in the city of Itabela-BA

O presente trabalho tem como proposta avaliar os riscos e possíveis irregularidades nas padarias do município de Itabela-BA que podem interferir de forma direta ou indireta na saúde da população e mostrar a importância da Vigilância Sanitária municipal para o processo de inspeção e orientação desses estabelecimentos. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa documental na Vigilância Sanitária no município de Itabela/BA. Foi realizado um levantamento de documentos do ano de 2015, que foram analisados criticamente. Constatou-se que as padarias pesquisadas apresentam um déficit em relação à higiene e segurança no processo de manipulação de alimentos, sendo que a presença da Vigilância Sanitária realizando um acompanhamento e orientação dos proprietários e funcionários das padarias é de fundamental importância para oferecer à sociedade Itabelense alimentos adequados para a venda e o consumo

The present study has the proposal to evaluate the risks and possible irregularities in the bakeries of Itabela-BA that can directly or indirectly interfere in the health of the population and demonstrate the importance of municipal Sanitary Surveillance for the inspection and guidance process of these establishments. The study was conducted through a documentary research, carried out at the Sanitary Surveillance in the city of Itabela/BA. A survey of documents was carried out in the year 2015, which was analyzed critically. It was found that the bakeries surveyed have a deficit in relation to hygiene and safety in the food handling process. The presence of the Health Surveillance monitoring and guiding bakery owners and employees is of fundamental importance to offer the Itabelense society suitable products for the sale and consumption

Food safety risk monitoring ability of institutions for disease control and prevention in a province / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the current situation of food safety risk monitoring ability of centers for disease control and prevention （CDCs） in a province， and provide reference for strengthening the construction of food safety monitoring ability in the future. Methods:A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 14 CDCs who are responsible for food safety risk monitoring in the province in 2018. Results:The ratio of food inspection staff with senior， middle， and primary professional titles was 1∶1∶1. The educational background of food inspection staff at the provincial and municipal levels was mainly bachelor degree or above， while that of county level directly under the administration of the province was mainly college degree. The age composition of the staff at the provincial level tended to be elder； however， there were more staff with less working experience at the county level. The qualification proportion of laboratory area was 50%. The distribution proportion of food inspection equipment in the CDC at all levels was 83.3%， 79.5% and 36.3%， respectively. In total， 14 CDCs completed the monitoring task as required. They were all accredited with laboratory qualifications； however， one CDC did not conduct re-evaluation after the certification of food inspection qualification expired. Each CDC ensured the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data through the supervision in food testing. Conclusion:The food safety risk monitoring ability of the CDCs in the province is continuously improved， which can meet the needs of routine monitoring. However， the composition of professional titles of food inspection staff is not very reasonable. There is still a gap between the equipment configuration and the national requirements. The ability of food inspection needs to be improved， in which quality management and laboratory qualification should be further strengthened.

Listeria spp. em queijos Minas Frescal e avaliação das condições higiênicossanitárias de produção e comercialização em Viçosa, MG, Brasil / Listeria spp. in Minas Frescal cheeses and assessement of hygienic-sanitary conditions of production and commercialization in Viçosa, MG, Brazil

A produção de queijo Minas Frescal em propriedades rurais é uma atividade econômica importante em Minas Gerais. Entretanto, a presença de micro-organismos patogênicos compromete a segurança desses produtos, coloca a saúde pública em risco e ameaça esta atividade. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de Listeria spp. em queijos Minas Frescal, as condições de produção e comercialização desses produtos e relacioná-las à presença desses micro-organismos. Foram coletadas 161 amostras, 81 em agroindústrias e 80 em seus pontos de venda. Foram utilizados métodos analíticos oficiais estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento para detecção e diferenciação das espécies de Listeria. A adoção das boas práticas durante a fabricação e a comercialização foi mensurada mediante avaliação in loco direcionada por listas de verificação pré-elaboradas. Constatou-se Listeria spp. em 14 amostras (8,7%) provenientes de oito das doze agroindústrias estudadas, quatro inspecionadas e quatro não inspecionadas. L. monocytogenes foi isolada em duas amostras. O percentual de atendimento às boas práticas de fabricação variou entre 28,3% e 51,1% e diversas irregularidades foram observadas durante a comercialização dos queijos. Os resultados indicam risco potencial do consumo deste tipo de produto e a necessidade de adoção das boas práticas de fabricação e comercialização para prevenir contaminações.

The production of Minas Frescal cheese on rural properties is an important economic activity in Minas Gerais, Brazil. However, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms compromises the safety of these products, puts public health at risk and threatens this activity. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the conditions of production and commercialization of the Minas Frescal cheese produced in family agroindustries of Viçosa, MG and to connect them to presence of Listeria spp. A total of 161 samples of Minas Frescal cheese were collected, 81 which were in agroindustries and 80 in their respective market. Were adopted official analytical methods established by the Agriculture Ministry for the detection and differentiation of Listeria spp. The conditions of manufacture and commercialization were evaluated through observations directed by pre-elaborated checklists. Listeria spp. was detected in 14 samples (8.7%) from eight different establishment, four inspected and four non-inspected. L. monocytogenes was isolated in two samples. The compliance with good manufacturing practices ranged from 28.3% to 51.1% and several irregularities were observed during the marketing of the cheeses. These results indicate the potential risk of consumption of this product and the need to prevent contamination of this product in manufacturing and marketing stages.

Ocorrência de não conformidades físico-químicas e microbiológicas em leite e derivados no estado de Minas Gerais, no período de 2011 a 2015 / Occurrence of physico-chemical and microbiological nonconformities in milk and dairy products in the State of Minas Gerais, from 2011 to 2015

Milk and dairy products are potential sources for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, and although a huge amount of data is collected by the official inspection services, only a few reports are available to the public. This study aimed to evaluate the data for physicochemical and microbiological quality of pasteurized milk and dairy products, collected for inspection at industrial establishments registered at the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA), which is an official inspection service in Minas Gerasi State, Brazil. A total of 192 analyzes were done in 2011, 1008 in 2012, 1368 in 2013, 1271 in 2014, 1582 in 2015, adding up to 5421 samples analyzed by standard analytical techniques in official government laboratories. The statistical analysis was descriptive. A total of 2010 analytical results were nonconform to the legal requirements. Among the results, 78 (4.3%) samples of mozzarella cheese were positive for alkaline phosphatase, and freezing point results for pasteurized milk were outside the legal requirements in 86 (10%) samples. Staphylococcus coagulase positive was above limits in 80 (4.4%) samples of mozzarella cheese. These results indicate a risk to the consumer's health even in pasteurized products, and the need for effective enforcement of good manufacturing practices in the food industries.(AU)

Operational Food Import Inspection Compared to International Standards at Checkpoints in Lao PDR / Lao Medical Journal

Background and Rational@#Open trades in Lao PDR leads to many imported goods. Lacking capacity with international standards for inspecting and validating the imported goods at border check point would harm consumers.@*Methodology@#A descriptive study was conducted to assess the opinions and practice towards the staff of food and drug administration at 16 check points in Lao PDR using self-administered questionnaire from March to June 2015.@*Result@#The detection and validation were done based on food categories, which included raw food, canned food and other prepared food. There are 5 steps of validation: 1) checking documents at the checking point; 2) checking food; 3) seizing food; 4) releasing food and 5) reporting. The staff reported that documents should include name of food, label, certificate of food quality, certificate of laboratory sample analysis, certificate of importation permission, invoice and packaging list. Meanwhile, checking food includes the random selection of product for screening tests, particularly raw food. The suspected contaminated food will be verified at the main laboratory. Then, the suspected contaminated food was seized until the result of the laboratory are available. The foods from those who had the history of contaminated food importation should be randomly tested. The contaminated foods were recorded as blacklisted in order to facilitate next importation in detecting and validating the quality of food. Any update regulations should inform to the importers. The food and drug administrators at checkpoints had a good practice based on Lao regulations. However, some materials need to be improved. The detection form needs to be separated according to the food categories. They need more test kits, random detection guidelines, guidelines for laboratory tests, guidelines for detecting high-risk contaminated food, tools and materials of inspection. Moreover, there is a need of short and long-term training on using detection tool kits, random selection and reporting system.@*Conclusion@#There are different methods of inspection of imported food at checking point of Lao PDR. The international checking point had better quality than the other one.

Listeria spp, in churn storage of raw cow's milk in Tunja - Boyacá / Listeria spp, en cantinas de almacenamiento de leche cruda de vaca en Tunja - Boyacá

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the relationship between the type of detergent, time use of the churn and the type of water used to wash storage churns and the presence of Listeria spp., in samples collected from storage churns of raw cow's milk, in farms of Tunja-Boyacá-Colombia. Materials and methods. 293 samples were collected by non-probabilistic sampling at convenience, in a period of time of 9 months. Isolation of Listeria spp., was performed by microbiological methods and species identification using biochemical tests. A questionnaire was applied to assess the associated factors (the type of detergent, time use of the churn and the type of water used to wash storage churns). Results. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 2.7% (n=8). No statistically significant association was found between the variables related to cleaning of churns and the presence of L. monocytogenes. Conclusions. The existence of L. monocytogenes in raw milk was demonstrated, being the prevalence found lower than those reported in national and international studies. It is evidenced the circulation of species of Listeria in the dairy production chain in Boyacá. On the other hand, it is the first overview of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii showing the need for the implementation of control measures in the dairy industry.

RESUMEN Objetivo . Determinar la relación entre el tipo de detergente, el tiempo de uso de la cantina y el tipo de agua utilizada para lavado de las cantinas y la presencia de Listeria spp., en muestras recolectadas a partir de cantinas de almacenamiento de leche cruda de vaca, en fincas del municipio de Tunja-Boyacá-Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 293 muestras mediante muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, en un periodo de nueve meses. El aislamiento de Listeria spp., se realizó por métodos microbiológicos y la identificación de especies utilizando pruebas bioquímicas. Se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar los factores asociados (tipo de detergente, tipo de agua y tiempo de uso de las cantinas). Resultados. La prevalencia de L. monocytogenes fue de 2.7% (n=8). No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables relacionadas con la limpieza de las cantinas y la presencia de L. monocytogenes. Conclusiones. Se demostró la existencia de L. monocytogenes en leche cruda, siendo la prevalencia encontrada inferior a las reportadas en estudios nacionales e internacionales. Se evidencia la circulación de especies de Listeria en la cadena productiva láctea del departamento de Boyacá. Por otra parte, es el primer panorama de L. monocytogenes y L. ivanovii mostrando la necesidad de la implementación de medidas de control en la industria láctea.

Pesquisa de contaminantes no doce de leite produzido no setor de laticínios de instituição pública de ensino superior no Estado do Ceará / Search of contaminants in milk candy produced in the dairy sector of a public higher education institution in the State of Ceará

O Doce de leite é um importante derivado do leite, amplamente consumido em nosso País e possui uma grande importância nutricional. Diante do crescimento do consumo do doce de leite por parte da população, surge a preocupação de garantir que este alimento esteja isento de qualquer sujidade, mantendo-se o padrão de qualidade e identidade do produto. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar a presença de contaminantes físicos e biológicos em quinze amostras de doce de leite processadas no setor de laticínio de uma instituição pública de ensino superior do Ceará. A pesquisa, de caráter experimental com abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (LABSAN) da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, no período de 11 de novembro de 2015 a 12 de fevereiro de 2016. As metodologias empregadas na avaliação das amostras foram: pesquisa macroscópica e microscópica de contaminantes físicos e biológicos. Foi realizada a inspeção das amostras sob uma superfície plana e os materiais estranhos foram removidos fazendo-se o uso de pinça dente de rato e colher de aço inoxidável estéril, onde os contaminantes foram identificados e caracterizados. A contaminação biológica foi avaliada por meio do método de sedimentação espontânea, com modificação. Verificou- se que todas as amostras estavam contaminadas, dentre a amostragem, 29% estavam contaminadas com ácaros, 23% tinham fibras, 18% com pelos, 12% apresentavam fragmentos de insetos e 12% continham larva de inseto. Os achados significativos e sua comparação com os padrões estabelecidos pelas legislações sanitárias vigentes, permitiram sugerir que as amostras do doce de leite estão inapropriadas para o consumo humano, sendo importante adotar medidas que reduzam as chances de contaminação, a fim de favorecer a prevenção de doenças veiculadas por esses produtos.

The Milk caramel is an important derivative of milk, widely consumed in our country and has great nutritional importance. Faced with the growth of the consumption of sweets by the population, a safety concern arises that this food is free of any dirt, maintaining the standard of quality and identity of the product. The objective of this work is to investigate a presence of physical and biological contaminants in fifteen samples of processed milk candy in the education sector of a public institution of higher education in Ceará. An experimental research in a qualitative approach developed at the Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Security (LABSAN) of the State University of Ceará, from November 11, 2015 to February 12, 2016. As methodologies used in the evaluation of samples: research macroscopic and microscopic analysis of physical and biological contaminants. Samples were inspected under a flat surface and the foreign materials were removed using metal and stainless steel tongs where the contaminants were identified and characterized. A biological contamination was evaluated through the spontaneous sedimentation method, with modification. Twenty-nine percent of the samples were contaminated with mites, 23% with fibers, 18% with hairs, 12% with insect remains and 12% with insect larvae. Considering the significant findings and these have been compared with the standards established by law, the current sanitary solutions allowed to suggest that as samples of dulce de leche are inappropriate for human consumption, it is important to adopt measures that reduce the chances of contamination, in order to favor disease prevention through products.

Determinación del perfil de sensibilidad a antibióticos de Listeria spp. en aislamientos de leche cruda de vaca, Tunja / Determination of antimicrobial sensibility pattern of Listeria spp. isolated from raw cow milk, Tunja / Determinação do perfil de susceptibilidade a antibióticosde Listeria spp. em isolados de leite cru de vaca, Tunja

Introducción. La presencia de especies de Listeria spp. en alimentos, se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, considerando su capacidad patógena, especialmente la de L. monocytogenes. Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de sensibilidad de cepas de Listeria spp. aisladas de muestras de leche cruda de vaca en fincas del municipio de Tunja, Boyacá. Metodología. Se analizaron 293 muestras de leche cruda de vaca obtenidas de las cantinas de almacena-miento; para el aislamiento y la identificación bioquímica de Listeria spp., se hizo preenriquecimiento en caldo Fraser (Oxoid), incubación a 4 °C, aislamiento en medio Palcam (Oxoid) e identificación utilizando Microbact Listeria L-12 (Oxoid). El perfil de sensibilidad a los antibióticos se determinó por el método de difusión de disco. Resultados. La prevalencia total de Listeria spp. fue de 9,89 % (n=29). La especie más prevalente fue L. seeligeri (7,17 %) y la menos prevalente, L. grayi (0,34 %). Listeria monocytogenes presentó una prevalencia de 2,7 %. Se determinó que todos los aislamientos de Listeria spp. eran sensibles a la penicilina y a la ampicilina. Un aislamiento de L. monocytogenes fue resistente a ciprofloxacina, gentamicina, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol y tetraciclina, mientras que las demás fueron sensibles a los antibióticos evaluados. Conclusiones. Se determinó la presencia de varias especies de Listeria spp., incluyendo L. monocytogenes, la cual se considera de importancia en salud pública. Presentaron sensibilidad a la mayoría de los antibióticos analizados, excepto a clindamicina; asimismo, se reporta un caso aislado de resistencia a tetraciclina en una cepa de L. monocytogenes y se determinó la resistencia a trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol.

Introduction: The presence of the Listeria species in food has become a public health concern, consi-dering its pathogenicity, especially due L. monocytogenes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Listeria spp. strains isolated from raw cow's milk samples on farms of the municipality of Tunja, Boyacá. Methodology: Two hundred and ninety three raw cow's milk samples were analyzed, obtained from bulk milk cooling tanks; isolation and identification of Listeria spp. using pre-enrichment in Fraser supplement (Oxoid), incubation at 4° C, isolation in the Palcam medium (Oxoid) and distinguishing by means of Microbact Listeria L-12 (Oxoid) was carried out. The sensitivity profile was determined by the disk diffusion method. Results: The total prevalence of Listeria spp. was 9.89% (n=29). Listeria seeligeri was the most prevalent species (7.17%) and L. gravi was the less prevalent (0.34%). Prevalence of L. monocytogeneswas 2.7%. It was determined that all Listeria spp. isolates were susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin. An isolation of L. monocytogenes was resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole and tetracycline, while the others were sensitive to the antibiotics evaluated. Conclusions: The presence of several species of Listeria was determined, including L. monocyto-genes, which is considered of importance in public health. Susceptibility to most of the antibiotics analyzed except for clindamycin was reported. In addition, an isolated case of tetracycline resistance was reported in a strain of L. monocytogenes and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was determined.

Introdução. A presença de espécies de Listeria spp. em alimentos, tornou-se um problema de saúde pública, considerando sua capacidade patogênica, especialmente na L. monocytogenes. Objetivo. Determinar o perfil de sensibilidade da linhagem Listeria spp. isolada a partir de amostras de leite de vaca cru em fazendas do município de Tunja, Boyaca. Metodologia. Foram analisadas 293 amostras de leite de vaca cru obtidas a partir dos barris de arma-zenamento de leite; para o isolamento e identificação bioquímica da Listeria spp., foi realizado um pré-enriquecimento em Fraser Broth (Oxoid), incubação a 4 °C, isolamento em meio Palcam (Oxoid) e identificação usando Microbact Listeria G-12 (Oxoid). O perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos foi determinada pelo método de difusão em disco. Resultados. A prevalência total da Listeria spp. foi de 9,89% (n = 29). A linhagem com maior preva-lencia foi da L. seeligeri (7,17%) e com menor prevalencia L. grayi (0,34%). Listeria monocytogenes mostrou uma prevalência de 2,7%. Todos os isolados de Listeria spp. foram sensíveis à penicilina e ampicilina. Um isolamento de L. monocytogenes foi resistente ao antibiótico ciprofloxacina, gentami-cina, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol e tetraciclina, enquanto outros forma sensíveis a estes antibióticos. Conclusões. Determinou-se a presença de várias espécies de Listeria spp., incluindo L. monocytogenes, considerada de importância na saúde pública. As linhagens foram sensíveis à maioria dos antibióticos testados excepto clindamicina; Além disso, um isolado foi resistente a tetraciclina na linhagem L. monocytogenes e foi determinada a resistência a trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol.

Comparison of the quantitative analytical methods of total flavones in three quality inspection regulations / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To compare the difference of the results of the total flavones acquired by three kinds of quantitative an-alytical methods in the People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia(method A),Health Food Function Components and Health Indica-tors Inspection Specifications(method B),and Health Food Inspection and Evaluation of Technical Specifications(method C)respec-tively. Methods Twenty-one drug and food homologies,medicines and other samples were detected by using the above mentioned methods respectively. Comparisons of the results were established. Results The measured values by method A were the highest,that of method C were the lowest. Moreover,the determination values of method A were higher than those by the methed B(1.4 ± 0.12) times,and the method C(2.1±0.31)times. Conclusion There are significant differences among the results of the total flavonoids de-terminated by the 3 methods in the same sample and the numerical relationship will be helpful for the quantity control of homologous food and drug.

Blind Sample Assessment of Sodium Saccharin in Drinks / 中国药师

Objective: To evaluate the testing level of the relevant items in food inspection agency laboratory objectively, analyze the existing problems and help them enhance the ability of detection.Methods: The blind sample assessment of sodium saccharin in drinks was organized and performed.The test samples at high and low concentrations were prepared and studied by the tests of homogeneity and stability.Those met the requirements of blind sample assessment were randomly distributed to 193 laboratories and the returned data were analyzed statistically.Results: Totally 182 valid data were collected.Among the reported results, those from 85 laboratories were satisfied in the low concentration group with the satisfaction rate of 87.6% , those from 12 laboratories were not satisfied, and no results were suspicious;as for the high concentration group, the above data was 67(78.8%), 12 and 6, respectively.The overall satisfaction rate was 83.5%.The results, especially the dissatisfied and suspicious data, were analyzed by the original records of each participating laboratory, the analysis focused on 8 aspects including detection method, instrument brand, control product variety, pretreatment method, recovery rate, column selection and the other influencing factors, and suggestions were given to every laboratory to improve its own situation.Conclusion: The statistical data reflect that our food testing laboratory has strong detection ability in the determination of saccharin sodium in beverages, and can provide powerful technical support for the regulatory authorities.

Adequação higienicossanitária de unidades de alimentação e nutrição de escolas públicas em município do Maranhão / Hygiene and sanitary adequacy of feeding and nutrition units of public schools in the municipality of Maranhão

O presente estudo objetivou analisar o grau de adequação higienicossanitária de unidades de alimentação de escolas públicas de um município no interior do Maranhão. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de cunho transversal e abordagem quantitativa. No estudo, analisaram-se as adequações higienicossanitárias de unidades de alimentação de escolas públicas. Para avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de cada uma das unidades de alimentação e nutrição, aplicou-se checklist adaptado de Resolução da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Das unidades avaliadas, 51% dos equipamentos usados na preparação de alimentos apresentaram riscos de contaminação e apenas 49% estavam adequados. Quando avaliado o grau geral de adequação das unidades de alimentação, constatou-se que apenas duas apresentaram grau de aceitabilidade (70% a 100% de adequação), enquanto as demais unidades ficaram com padrões abaixo da média estabelecida pela Resolução.

This study aimed to analyze the degree of adequacy higienicossanitária feed units of public schools in a municipality in the state of Maranhão. This was a descriptive exploratory study, a transversal nature and quantitative approach. In the study, higienicossanitárias adjustments were analyzed from public schools power units. To evaluate the conditions higienicossanitárias of each one of the food and nutrition applied checklist adapted from Resolution of the National Health Surveillance Agency. Of the evaluated units, 51% of the equipment used in food preparation showed contamination risks, and only 49% were adequate. When we evaluated the overall degree to which power supply units, it was found that only two had degree o acceptability (70% to 100% of adequacy), while the other units were below average with standards established by Resolution.

Good hygiene practices in hospital nutrition services: the view of internal and external auditors

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition services according to internal and external auditors, before and after intervention, based on the requirements of Good Hygiene Practices. Fifteen hospital nutrition services were evaluated based on a checklist applied by internal auditors and by an external auditor. The intervention program was prepared and implemented in all the locations over one year, and was composed of four points: 1) training; 2) preparation of the action plan; 3) preparation of the documentation; 4) monthly visits to motivate the food handlers and responsible technicians, accompaniment and assistance in the implementation of Good Hygiene Practices. An improvment in the application of Good Hygiene Practices was observed in the hospital nutrition services after the systematic intervention, in the view of both the internal and external auditors, except the requirement related to operational aspects, which had a low percentage of adequacy, both before and after the intervention Before the intervention, there was a significant difference between the evaluation of the internal auditors and the external auditor, which was not found later. These results suggest that the systematic intervention assisted in the adoption of Good Hygiene Practices by hospital nutrition services, according to both the internal and external auditors, and contributed to increasing the knowledge of the internal auditors.(AU)

Avaliação da qualidade de queijo parmesão ralado de diferentes marcas comerciais / Quality evaluation of grated parmesan cheese from different brands

O queijo parmesão é um produto bastante consumido no país, principalmente na forma ralada e existem poucos trabalhos científicos disponíveis na literatura, abordando a qualidade do produto comercializado. Assim, torna-se necessário, avaliar as diferentes marcas de queijo parmesão ralado disponíveis no mercado. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a qualidade físico-química de queijo parmesão ralado de oito diferentes marcas comercializadas nos estados de Minas Gerais e do Espírito Santo, verificando se os produtos atendem aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas de umidade, cinzas e cloretos, análise qualitativa de amido e análise microbiológica de bolores e leveduras, em três repetições. A metade das marcas avaliadas apresentou teor de umidade fora do padrão estabelecido pelo regulamento técnico para fixação de identidade e qualidade de queijo ralado, onde o valor máximo de umidade é de 20,0% para o queijo parmesão ralado. Dentre as quatro marcas irregulares, a umidade variou de 20,69% a 33,28%, indicando uma elevada variação acima do limite estabelecido. Na análise de cloretos foram encontrados teores entre 3,32% e 8,17%, bem como a análise de cinzas apresentou resultados variando entre 6,62% e 10,31%, indicando a ocorrência de uma elevada variação nos processos tecnológicos de produção, principalmente na etapa de salga, a qual influencia no teor de cinzas. Em nenhuma amostra foi detectada a presença de amido, indicando que não houve a adição indevida do mesmo aos produtos. Em relação à presença de bolores e leveduras, 12,5% das amostras avaliadas apresentaram contagens acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação, inconformidade que pode estar relacionada às condições de processamento e armazenamento inadequadas.

Parmesan is widely consumed in Brazil, mainly in the shredded form and few studies are available on literature about the commercial product quality. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate different brands available in the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical quality of parmesan shredded cheese from eight different brands available in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo State, Brazil, markets, evaluating their accordance to food legislation. Moisture content, chloride, minerals, starch qualitative analysis and microbiological analysis for yeasts and molds were the physical-chemical evaluations, carried out in three replications. Half of the evaluated brands presented moisture content outside the established standard for the identity and quality of the shredded cheese, in which the maximum moisture content is 20.0% for the shredded parmesan cheese. Between the four brands outside the standard, the moisture content varied from 20.69 to 33.28%, indicating a high variation above the established standard. For chlorides, contents from 3.32 to 8.17% were observed and for total minerals the results varied from 6.62 to 10.31%, indicating a high variation in the steps of production, mainly on cheese salting, which can influence the minerals content. No starch was observed in the samples, indicating that no starch addition was made in the products. For the yeasts and molds evaluations, 12.5% of the samples presented the counting above the legislation established limit, which could be related to the processing and storage conditions.

Boas práticas em serviços de alimentação do mercado municipal de Curitiba-PR / Good practices in food services at the municipal market of Curitiba – PR

Os mercados municipais localizados nas grandes cidades brasileiras são considerados pontos turísticos importantes e devem dispor de alimentos e serviços de qualidade. O objetivo do estudo foi de avaliar as Boas Práticas em Serviços de Alimentação do mercado municipal de Curitiba, Paraná. Foram avaliados seis estabelecimentos, por meio de lista de verificação, observando-se os requisitos de Boas Práticas, que foi aplicada por profissional capacitado na área de segurança dos alimentos. Calculou-se o percentual de adequação geral e por requisitos, e os Serviços de Alimentação foram classificados em Grupo 1- de 76 a 100 % de atendimento dos itens; Grupo 2-de 51 a 75 % e Grupo 3- de 0 a 50 %.Todos os estabelecimentos foram classificados no Grupo 2 e o maior percentual de adequação foi o controle integrado de vetores e pragas urbanos e o abastecimento de água, com 100 % de conformidade. Os requisitos de documentação, registros e responsabilidades não apresentaram itens adequados. Conclui-se que há necessidade de melhoraria nos requisitos exigidos quanto às Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação, principalmente nos itens documentação, registros e responsabilidade, que são essenciais para a organização, padronização das atividades de rotina e contribuição para oferta de alimentos seguros.

The municipal markets located in the large Brazilian cities are considered as important touristic spots, and they ought to provide high quality food and service. This study evaluated the Good Practices in Food Services at the Municipal Market of Curitiba, Paraná. Six establishments were evaluated by means of a checklist covering the Good Practice requirements, which was applied by a food-safety trained professional. The percentages of overall adequacy and of every requisite were calculated, and the Food Services were classified into Group 1- reaching 76-100 % of items; Group 2- 51-75 %; Group 3- 0-50 %. All of the evaluated markets were classified into Group 2, and the highest adequacy percentages were in the integrated urban vector and pest control and in the water supply, showing 100 % of compliance. The requirements on documentation, records and responsibilities did not reach any adequacy. The evaluated Food Services should be improved in the requirements for Good Practices, especially regarding to the documentation, records and responsibility items, as they are essential for the organization, standardization of the routine activities and for subsiding the safe food tender.

Análise e Interpretação de denúncias sobre alimentos como ferramenta de gestão no município de São Paulo / Analysis and interpretation of complaints about food as a management tool, in São Paulo

O objetivo principal deste estudo é a análise do atendimento de denúncias pela Subgerência de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos (SVA/Covisa/SMS-SP), no ano de 2011, discorrendo sobre as principais dificuldades enfrentadas no exercício dessa atividade. Como objetivo secundário buscou-se demonstrar a importância da integração entre os setores público e privado para que o atendimento seja realizado com maior eficiência e eficácia, superando as limitações dos procedimentos administrativos do Código Sanitário Municipal, da Lei Municipal n° 13.725/04. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de quatro métodos de pesquisa disponíveis, documentos escritos e sistemas de registros informatizados do setor. A interpretação baseou-se nos resultados obtidos e na experiência profissional. Concluiu-se que os problemas enfrentados no atendimento de denúncias estão relacionados com algumas imperfeições nos sistemas de registro e do procedimento administrativo, recursos humanos escassos, gerenciamento ineficaz, falta de recursos materiais e falta de maior integração e comunicação entre os órgãos públicos e os setores relacionados.

The main goal of this study is the complaints attendance analysis by Subgerência de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos, wich reports to Coordenação de Vigilância em Saúde - Secretaria da Saúde de São Paulo on 2011, discussing the main difficulties in this practice . As a secondary goal, we sought to demonstrate the importance of integration between the public and private sector, so that the service can be made more efficiently and effectively, overcoming the limitations of the administrative procedures of the Municipal Health Code, Municipal Law No. 13.725/04. Data collection was obtained through four research methods available in written documents and computerized records systems sector. The interpretation was based on the results and professional experience. It was concluded that the problems faced in attendance of complaints are related to some imperfections in the system registry and the administrative procedure, scarce human resources, ineffective management, lack of material resources and lack of higher integration and communication between government agencies and related sectors.

Detección directa de genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en fécula de maíz y harina de trigo mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple (mPCR) / Direct detection of toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus in corn starch and wheat flour using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR)

Introducción: Bacillus cereus es una bacteria contaminante de alimentos y patógena en humanos, cuya toxina emética o cereúlida (Ces) causa el síndrome emético y las enterotoxinas hemolítica o hemolisina BL (Hbl), no hemolítica (Nhe) y citotoxina K (CytK), el síndrome diarreico. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en muestras de ADN obtenido directamente de fécula de maíz y de harina de trigo, mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple. Materiales y métodos: Se determinaron los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en muestras de ADN extraído directamente de fécula de maíz y harina de trigo, utilizando una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple específica para los genes cesB, hblC, nheA y cytK. Resultados: De 76 muestras de fécula de maíz, el 60,5% presentó los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus, que fueron agrupados en seis consorcios: I: hblC, cytK (30,4%), II: nheA, hblC, cytK (21,7%), III: hblC (19,6%), IV: nheA (15,2%), V: nheA, hblC (10,9%), VI: nheA, hblC, cytK, cesB (2,2%). De 79 muestras de harina de trigo, el 65,8% presentó los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus, que se agruparon en cuatro consorcios: I: nheA, hblC, cytK (80,8%), II: hblC, cytK (11,5%), III: hblC (5,8%), IV: nheA, hblC (1,9%)...

Introduction: Bacillus cereus is a human pathogen that causes two kinds of foodborne diseases, the emetic syndrome caused by emetic toxin or cereulide (Ces), and the diarrheal syndrome caused by three different enterotoxins, the hemolytic enterotoxin or hemolysin BL (Hbl), the nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and the cytotoxin K (CytK). Objective: To determine the presence of toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus in DNA samples directly obtained from corn starch and wheat flour using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Material and methods: The presence of toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus were determinedin DNA samples directly extracted from corn starch and wheat flour, using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique specific for cesB, hblC, nheA and cytK genes. Results: From a total of 76 corn starch samples, 60.5% had toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus and were grouped in six consortia: I: hblC, cytK (30.4%), II: nheA, hblC, cytK (21.7%), III: hblC (19.6%), IV: nheA (15.2%), V: nheA, hblC (10.9%) and VI: nheA, hblC, cytK, cesB (2.2%). From 79 wheat flour samples tested, 65.8% had toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus and were grouped into four consortia: I: nheA, hblC, cytK (80.8%), II: hblC, cytK (11.5%), III: hblC (5.8%) and IV: nheA, hblC (1.9%)...

Desempenho de planos de amostragem de 2-classes e de 3-classes para avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de alimentos / Performance of 2-and 3-classes sampling schemes for assessing the food microbiologica quality

Os planos de amostragem em análise microbiológica auxiliam no monitoramento do processo e da qualidade da matéria-prima e do produto. Para estudar o desempenho dos planos na avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de alimentos, foram analisados os parâmetros de tamanho do lote (N), tamanho da amostra(n) e número de aceitação (c) para os planos de 2-classes, e o efeito da distribuição dos microrganismos no lote (σ e μ) e da diferença entre o logaritmo do limite microbiológico inaceitável (M) e marginal (m) para os planos de 3-classes. Verificou-se que o desempenho dos planos de 2-classes dependeu exclusivamente de n e c. Quanto maior o n, para um dado c e fração de unidades defeituosas (p), menor foi a probabilidade de aceitação (Pa) do lote, e maior o poder de discriminação dos planos. Para os planos de 3-classes, para um mesmo n e c, o risco do fornecedor ter seus lotes rejeitados a um determinado nível de qualidade foi maior, quanto menor a diferença (log M - log m). As análises da curva característica de operação (CCO) e o desempenho dos planos são fundamentais na definição do nível de confiança dos resultados da inspeção dos lotes de produtos.

Sampling schemes have been useful for monitoring the microbiological quality of food products and raw materials. For assessing the performance of 2-classes sampling schemes for food microbial quality control the lot size (N), sample size (n) and acceptance number (c) parameters were analyzed. The effectsof microorganism distribution in the lot (σ and μ) and of the difference between log of unacceptable count limit and log of marginal count limit (log M – log m) were evaluated for 3-classes schemes. Performance of 2-classes scheme was dependent on sample size (n) and acceptance number (c). The more n increases for a given c and defective units proportion (p), the less was the lot approval probability (Pa) and the higherwas the inspection discriminating power. For 3-classes scheme for a given n and c values, the higher wasthe risk of the samples lots with a certain quality level being rejected, and the less was the difference logM – log n value. The analyses on sampling scheme operating characteristic curve (OCC) and the scheme performance are crucial for defining the confidence level of the product lot inspection results.

Restaurantes self-service: segurança e qualidade sanitária dos alimentos servidos / Self-service restaurants: food safety and sanitary quality

OBJETIVO: Esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a temperatura e a qualidade sanitária de alimentos servidos nos balcões de distribuição em restaurantes self-service no município de Taubaté (SP), com vistas à discussão da segurança alimentar. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas quatro amostras, sendo dois alimentos quentes e dois alimentos frios de 16 restaurantes; antes da coleta mediu-se a temperatura dos alimentos expostos nos balcões de distribuição. As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, determinação de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e detecção de Salmonella. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta e seis (87,5 por cento) alimentos estavam em temperaturas inadequadas, alimentos frios expostos em temperaturas acima de 10ºC e alimentos quentes abaixo de 60ºC. Bactérias aeróbias mesófilas em contagem acima de 10(6) UFC/g foram detectadas em 11 por cento das amostras e coliformes a 35ºC e coliformes a 45ºC foram detectadas em 76,6 por cento e 43,7 por cento das amostras, respectivamente. Dois alimentos, sendo um frio e um quente, provenientes de um mesmo restaurante, apresentaram contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo acima de 10(4) UFC/g. Todas as amostras apresentaram ausência de Salmonella. CONCLUSÃO: A manutenção dos alimentos servidos, nos balcões de distribuição, em temperaturas abusivas e a presença de microrganismos indicadores de qualidade sanitária em número elevado comprometem a segurança e podem colocar em risco a saúde dos consumidores, em restaurantes self-service. Os instrumentos utilizados demonstraram-se como ferramentas importantes de avaliação da segurança das refeições servidas.

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to assess the temperature and sanitary quality of the foods available on the buffet table of self-service restaurants located in the city of Taubaté (SP), in order to discuss food safety. METHODS: Four samples, two of cold dishes and two of hot dishes, were collected from each of 16 restaurants. The temperature of the foods on the buffet table was measured before the sample was taken. The following parameters were investigated for each sample: aerobic mesophilic bacteria count, determination of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus count and presence of Salmonella. RESULTS: The temperature of 56 (87.5 percent) foods was inadequate: cold dishes were kept above 10ºC and hot dishes were kept below 60ºC. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts above 10(6) CFU/g were detected in 11 percent of the samples, coliforms at 35ºC in 76.6 percent and coliforms at 45ºC in 43.7 percent. Two foods, one cold and one hot, both from the same restaurant, had a coagulase-positive Staphylococcus count above 10(4) CFU/g. Salmonella was not found in any of the samples. CONCLUSION: Keeping the foods available on buffet tables under incorrect temperatures and a high count of microorganisms that indicate poor sanitary quality of the food can compromise safety and jeopardize the customer's health. The instruments used in this study proved to be important tools for assessing food safety.