RESUMEN
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 25 pacientes con enfermedad de Hansen, atendido en la consulta dermatológica del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" del municipio Songo-La Maya, desde enero del 2006 hasta diciembre del 2010, con vistas a caracterizarles según variables clinicoepidemiológicas de interés. En la casuística primaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 46-48 años, la forma clínica multibacilar (dimorfa y lepromatosa), el nivel de escolaridad secundario, los afectados sin hacinamiento y con condiciones regulares en las viviendas. La migración se presentó en un porcentaje elevado. Todos presentaron manifestaciones cutáneas, la minoría con diagnóstico tardío y discapacidad. A pesar de que existió una disminución del número de casos en los últimos 5 años, dicho centro continúa con las cifras más elevadas de afectados con este cuadro morboso. Se recomendó incrementar la capacitación sobre la temática al personal médico, paramédico y población en general.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 25 patients with Hansen disease, attended in the dermatology outpatient department of "Julián Grimau García" University Polyclinic in Songo-La Maya municipality, from January 2006 to December 2010, to characterize them according to clinical and epidemiological variates of interest. Male sex, the age group of 46-48 years, clinical multibacillary form (dimorphous and lepromatous), secondary education level, and those patients without overcrowding and with regular housing conditions predominated in the case material. Migration was present in a high percentage. All had cutaneous manifestations, the minority with late diagnosis and disability. Although there was a decrease of the number of cases in the last five years, this center continues with the highest number of patients with the disease. It was recommended to increase training on the topic to medical, paramedical and general population.
RESUMEN
Este trabalho teve como objetivo detectar os casos novos de hanseníase do período de 1998 a 2005 no município de Prudentópolis, PR. Assim como, verificar a faixa etária e a forma clínica predominante entre os casos de hanseníase. Os dados foram obtidos através das fichas clínico-epidemiológicas de casos com diagnóstico definitivo de hanseníase notificado no Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação, de 1998 a 2005. Neste período, foram relatados 222 casos de hanseníase, dos quais 63 por cento apresentavam a forma multibacilar, com predominância da forma clínica virchowiana, indicando um processo de intensa transmissão da doença. Dos casos de hanseníase, 35 por cento dos pacientes se encontravam na faixa economicamente ativa, 31 a 45 anos. Esses indicadores apontam para uma elevada circulação do bacilo na comunidade, já que um fator de risco para infecção pelo bacilo Mycobacterium Leprae é o contato com pacientes com a forma multibacilar, sem tratamento, embora nas duas últimas décadas, tenha havido redução drástica da prevalência da hanseníase pela implementação da poliquimioterapia e outras medidas preventivas.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of new cases of leprosy in Prudentópolis, State of Paraná, from 1998 to 2005. Additionally, we investigated the age group and predominant clinical form of leprosy cases. Data were obtained from clinical-epidemiological records of confirmed leprosy cases that were notified in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, between 1998 and 2005. Over this period, 222 leprosy cases were notified, of which 63 percent presented the multibacillary form, with predominance of the Virchow clinical form, thus indicating a process of intense disease transmission. Among these leprosy cases, 35 percent of the patients were at an economically active age (31 to 45 years old). These indicators showed that there was a high level of bacillus circulation in the community, considering that one risk factor for infection by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae is contact with untreated individuals who have the multibacillary form. This is despite the drastic reduction in leprosy prevalence over the last two decades, through the implementation of polychemotherapy and other preventive measures.