RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of particle size and the use of lime as a pretreatment of Pinus spp wood particles on the production of wood-cement composites by vibro-compaction densification. Specimens for internal bond and static bending were produced with two different particle sizes: G1, particles that pass through a 4mm screen and were retained at 2mm screen, and G2, particles that pass through a 2mm screen and were retained at 0.84mm screen. The use of lime was also tested in two different methods as pretreatment of wood particles: carbonatation of wood particles before being used in the composite mixture; and addition of hydrated lime directly to the composite mixture. Use of larger particles (G1) presented higher values of internal bond and MOR than composites produced with smaller particles (G2). About the pretreatments, the use of hydrated lime resulted in composites with higher density and better internal bond.
RESUMO: O presente trabalho visou avaliar o efeito da granulometria e do pré-tratamento com cal das partículas de madeira de Pinus spp na confecção de compósitos madeira-cimento moldados pelo método de adensamento por vibro compactação. Foram produzidos corpos-de-prova para teste de ligação interna e flexão estática com duas diferentes granulometrias de partículas: G1, partículas passantes em uma peneira de 4mm e retidas em uma de 2mm, e G2, partículas passantes em peneira de 2mm e retidas em 0,84mm. Também foram testados o uso da cal por dois diferentes métodos como pré tratamento das partículas de madeira: a carbonatação prévia das partículas antes da confecção dos compósitos e o uso da solução de cal hidratada durante o processo de mistura dos ingredientes. O uso de partículas maiores (G1) apresentou maiores valores de ligação interna e modulo de ruptura quando comparados com compósitos produzidos com partículas menores (G2). Quanto ao pré-tratamento, o uso da cal hidratada resultou em compósitos mais densos e com melhores resultados de ligação interna em relação aos demais tratamentos.
RESUMEN
The concept of drug targeting or site specific drug delivery was introduced first time by Paul Elrich in 1909, when he reported ‘magic bullet’ to deliver a drug to the desired site of action without affecting the non target organs or tissues (Juliano, 1980) by associating the drug with a pharmacologically “inactive carrier” capable of conveying the drug selectively towards its target cells. The methods of preparation of niosomes such as hand shaking, ether injection and sonication (developed on the basis of liposome production technique) have been reviewed by Khandare et al., 1994. The hand shaking method form vesicles with greater diameter [0.35 – 13m] as compared to those prepared by ether injection method [50-1000nm]. The film formation method was used for the preparation of the niosomes due to simplicity, reproducibility and high drug entrapment efficiency.