Uso y conocimiento tradicional de plantas medicinales en comunidades de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México / Use and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in communities of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico

The use and knowledge of native and naturalized medicinal plants were evaluated in four communities of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. The information was obtained through semi - structured surveys conducted with 1 18 people of different age and gender categories. To determine the most important plant species, indexes of value and frequency of use were generated. Seventy - nine species of 49 families were recorded, as well as their use in the treatment of various disea ses according to local knowledge. The species with the highest value of use were Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) and Psidium guajava L. (guava). (guava). The most important families by number of specie s used were, in order of importance: Asteraceae and Rutaceae with five species Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae with four species each.

Se evaluaron el uso y conocimiento de las plantas medicinales nativas y naturalizadas en cuatro comunidades de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México. La información se obtuvo a través de encuestas semiestructuradas realizadas a 118 personas de distintas categorías de edad y género. Para determinar las especies de plantas más importantes se generaron índices de valor y frecuencia de uso. Se registraron 79 especies de 49 familias, así como su uso en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades de acuerdo al conocimiento local. Las especies con mayor valor de uso fueron Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (sábila), Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (albahaca) y Psidium guajava L. (guayaba). Las familias más importantes por el número de especies utilizadas fueron, en orden de importancia: Asteraceae y Rutaceae con cinco especies, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae y Rosaceae con cuatro especies cada una.

Saber etnobotánico, riqueza y valor de uso de plantas medicinales en Monterrey, Villa Corzo, Chiapas (México) / Ethnobotanical knowledge, richness and use value of medicinal plants in the community "Monterrey", Villa Corzo, Chiapas (México)

Se registraron 73 especies de plantas medicinales naturalizadas o nativas de la comunidad Monterrey, municipio de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México. Para el levantamiento de la información, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a una muestra de 119 personas, categorizadas por edad y sexo. Se determinó la familia botánica de cada una de las plantas identificadas, así como el índice de riqueza de conocimiento, el valor de uso y la frecuencia de uso. Dentro de las especies más usadas se encuentran la Verbena (Verbena officinalis L.), la Manzanilla (Chamaemelum nobile L.) y la Albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.), la Sábila (Aloe barbadensis Miller) y la Ruda (Ruta chalepensis L.), que presentan el mayor índice de riqueza de conocimiento, así como de valor de uso. Las familias más representadas por especies de uso botánico fueron Asteraceae con diez especies, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae con cuatro y Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Lauraceae y Rubiaceae, con tres especies.

Seventy-three species of naturalized or native medicinal plants of the Monterrey community, municipality of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico were registered. A semi-structured interview was applied to a sample of 119 people, categorized by age and sex. The botanical family of each identified plants was determined, as well as the index of knowledge richness, the use value and the frequency of use. Among the most used species are the Verbena (Verbena officinalis L), the Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) and the Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), the Aloe (Aloe barbedensis Miller) and the Rue (Ruta chalepensis L.), which showed the highest rate of richness of knowledge, as well as use value. The botanical families most represented by species of medicinal use were Asteraceae with ten species, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae with four and Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Lauraceae and Rubiaceae, with three species.

Strategy research for screening of transgenic elements used in medicinal plants / 中草药

With the increase of transgenic research literature in medicinal plants, detection and inspection of transgenic elements in medicinal drugs have been highly concerned. The aim of this study was to provide an approach for the detection of transgenic elements in medicinal materials, so as to provide the effective strategy for the transgenic supervision of medicinal plants and Chinese medicinal materials. The literatures involving transgenic research on 48 medicinal plants was retrieved from the two databases of CNKI and SCI from April 1993 to May 2016, which was used to establish a database of commonly used expression elements in transgenic medicinal plants. Totally 281 papers including 230 Chinese literatures and 51 English literatures were obtained, of which 40.4% of Chinese and 54.9% of English literatures were the researches with aim to establish transformation system. The results showed that commonly used promoter included P-35S, P-Ubi, P-GPD, and P-act, with P-35S having the highest frequency of 68.7%. Common marker genes included NPTII, HPT, Gent, Bar, and aadA, with NPTII giving the highest frequency of 37.4%. Common reporter genes were GUS and GFP, with GUS of the highest frequency of 35.2%. Common terminator included T-NOS, T-35S, and T-OCS, with T-NOS of the highest frequency of 58%. The combination “P-35S + T-NOS + NPTII + GUS” increased the screening rate to 86.1% for screening the transgenic elements used in medicinal plants. On this basis, the adding of HPT, Bar and GFP with certain frequency of use contributed to the screening rate of 91.5% in searching for transgenic elements. T-DNA border sequence can be used for the transgenic detection in the studies using homologous or endogenous promoters, marker genes, and terminators.

Bioinventario de especies subutilizadas comestibles y medicinales en el norte de Venezuela / Bioinventary of underutilized edible and medicinal species of northern Venezuela

En el mundo, los sistemas agroalimentarios se han desarrollado sobre una base estrecha y de alta vulnerabilidad. En particular, en Venezuela, más de un tercio de la ingesta de calorías diarias es suplida por cereales procesados, y el consumo de frutas y hortalizas es limitado. En este trabajo se documenta la presencia de especies nativas o naturalizadas potenciales para el consumo en el norte del país. Se determinaron la frecuencia de uso, el destino de la producción, el origen y distribución de cada especie. Se registraron 46 especies alternativas con uso potencial para la alimentación. El lairén (Calathea allouia) y la pumalaca (Syzygium malaccense) mostraron las mayores frecuencias de uso. La mayor riqueza de especies alternativas es originaria o de amplia distribución en América tropical. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la relevancia para la producción, propagación y aprovechamiento de esta variedad de plantas que, además, pueden contribuir a la soberanía alimentaria a partir de pequeñas comunidades locales.

In the world, food systems have been developed on a narrow base and a high vulnerability. Particularly in Venezuela, more than a third of daily calories intake is supplemented by processed cereals, and the consume of fruits and green vegetables is restricted. This paper document the presence of native or naturalized species growth for consumption, in communities located in northern Venezuela. The frequency of use of alternative species, production fate, and origin and distribution of each species is presented. Up to 46 species were registered as potential alternative for food. The reported species included the lairén (Calathea allouia) and the pumalaca (Syzygium malaccense) with the highest frequency of use. These results show the relevance for production and consume of these wide variety of potentially useful plants for food, and concurrently strengthening food sovereignty of small communities.

Analysis application status of cancer pain medication in GPM -ward of Yongkang First People's Hospital from 2014 to 2015 / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate and analyze the application of three steps therapy analgesics in good pain management(GPM)-ward,in order to provide rational analgesics drug application in clinical practice.Methods Through the hospital HIS system,the application data of analgesics in GPM-ward from Jan.2014 to Dec.2015 were collected and analyzed.Results The sum and proportion of the strong opioid drug was lined first.The total DDDs of the three -stage analgesics ranked from high to low was celecoxib >tramadol >oxycontin >morphine >fentanyl trans-dermal.The celecoxib was usually assisted the other;in addition,tramadol's DDDs and expense amount decreased, which was in the line with NCCN guidelines.Moreover,oxycontin's DDDs and expense amount increased.As well as, anesthesia prescription qualified rate was 93.5%,medical record standard rate was 80.5% in 2014,prescription qual-ified rate was rose to 97.5%,medical record standard rate was rose to 91.5% in 2015.Conclusion The application of cancer pain drug was basically rational in GPM-ward,which is in line with the principles of cancer pain relief by the mouth,by the clock,by the ladder and for the individual.