Anatomical morphometry of coracoclavicular ligament based on fresh cadaver and clinical significance / 解剖学报

Objective To measure the anatomical morphology of coracoclavicular ligament based on fresh cadavers, and to provide anatomical basis for anatomical reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament. Methods A total of 52 the acromioclavicular joints (fresh body specimen) was dissected, and the anatomical characteristics of coracoclavicular ligament were observed by dissecting acromioclavicular joint specimens. The anatomic data of which the length of the conoid ligament (QR), the length of the trapezoid ligament (ST) ; the distance from the conoid ligament attachment on coracoid to coracoid tip (RV), the distance from the trapezoid ligament attachment on coracoid to coracoid tip (TV), the distance form conoid ligament attachment on the clavicular to acromioclavicular joint (QU), the distance form the trapezoid ligament attachment on the clavicular to acromioclavicular joint (SU), the distance from supraclavicular plane to subcoracoid plane (WX) were measured ; and the mean diameter of the trapezoid ligament attachment on the clavicular (ā), the mean diameter of the conoid ligament attachment on the clavicular(b¯), the mean diameter of the trapezoid ligament attachment on the coracoid (c¯), the mean diameter of the conoid ligament attachment on the coracoid (d¯) were calculation. The measurement result underwent statistical analysis. Results The minimum diameter of the trapezoid ligament attachment on the clavicular and coracoid on the left and right sides, respectively. There were no significant differences in those anatomical morphology of the coracoclavicular ligament (P>0.05). The anatomical morphology of the diameter of coracoclavicular ligament attachment on the male and female had no significant difference (P>0.05). The maximum length of the conoid ligament was (14.19±2. 43/15. 87±2. 99) mm on the left and right sides, respectively. The distance from the conoid ligament attachment on coracoid to coracoid tip was ( 36. 66 ± 4. 25/33. 61 ± 3. 45 ) mm on the left and right sides, respectively. The mean diameter of the conoid ligament attachment on the clavicular and coracoid was (11.95± 1.43/ 11.23± 1.12)mm and (9.20± 1.60/7.90±0.76) mm on the left and right sides, respectively. There were significant differences in those anatomical morphology of the coracoclavicular ligament(P 0.05). The anatomical morphology of the coracoclavicular ligament on the male and female had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive measurement of anatomical morphology of coracoclavicular ligament can provide an anatomical basis for shoulder joint diseases related to coracoclavicular ligament injury. It will help surgical staff perform a complete anatomic reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligaments for the surgical treatment of dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint.

Appropriate concentration of acetic acid for the preservation of fresh cadaveric brains to be used in surgical training: a preliminary study / Concentración adecuada de ácido acético para la preservación de cerebros de cadáveres frescos para uso en entrenamiento quirúrgico: un estudio preliminar

A small amount of acetic acid (AA), a common preservative, has been shown to increase contamination in cadaveric tissue, while larger concentrations can lead to the tissue becoming hard, especially in fresh brains. This study attempted to optimize the concentration of AA to be used in the cranial cavity in order to produce the most realistic consistency and color. Six adult cadaveric heads were preserved with descending glacial AA at concentrations of 98.5 %, 80 %, 60 %, 40 %, 20 %, and 10 %. The samples were kept at 5 °C for 14 days. The brain cortex was then dissected with a suction tube and forceps to reveal the underlying brain tissue for inspection. Color change, cortical firmness, pia mater stickiness, and participant satisfaction were evaluated. The color of the brains in all concentrations was slightly yellow. However, the temporal area of the brain preserved using 20 % AA was significantly more pink. The pia mater of the brain cortex of all samples was firm and difficult to pry apart, with the firmest consistency being in the brain tissue preserved using 98.5 % AA. The brain tissue in all samples had a liquid-like consistency. The brains preserved in AA at a concentration greater than 60 % yielded higher satisfaction scores. We conclude that acetic acid has a role in brain preservation for skull base surgery training and recommend AA concentrations higher than 60 % for maximal participants satisfaction.

Se ha demostrado que una pequeña cantidad de ácido acético (AA), un preservante común, aumenta la contaminación en el tejido del cadáver, mientras que mayores concentraciones pueden endurecer el tejido, particularmente en cerebros frescos. Este estudio intentó optimizar la concentración de AA en la cavidad craneal para producir una consistencia y coloración cerebral más cercanos a la realidad. Seis cabezas cadavéricas adultas se conservaron con AA glacial descendente en concentraciones de 98,5 %, 80 %, 60 %, 40 %, 20 % y 10 %. Las muestras se mantuvieron a 5 °C durante 14 días. Luego se diseccó la corteza cerebral con un tubo de succión y pinzas para observar e inspeccionar el tejido cerebral subyacente. Se evaluaron el color, la firmeza cortical, la viscosidad y adherencia de la piamadre y la reacción de los participantes ante esta conservación. El color de los cerebros en todas las concentraciones fue ligeramente amarillo. Sin embargo, el área temporal del cerebro, conservada con un 20 % de AA, fue significativamente más rosada. La piamadre de la corteza de todas las muestras fue de consistencia firme y difícil de separar; una mayor resistencia se observó en el tejido cerebral preservado con 98,5 % de AA. La consistencia del tejido cerebral en todas las muestras era líquida. Los cerebros conservados en AA a una concentración superior al 60 % recibieron puntuaciones de satisfacción más elevadas. Concluimos que el ácido acético desempeña un papel en la preservación del cerebro, permitiendo el entrenamiento en cirugía de base de cráneo, por lo que recomendamos concentraciones de AA superiores al 60 % para una satisfacción máxima por parte de los participantes.

An anatomical study of the lingual nerve in the lower third molar area / 대한해부학회지

The lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and its injury is one of the major complications during oral surgery. This study aims to investigate the anatomy of the LN in the lower third molar area. Twenty sides from ten fresh-frozen adult cadaveric Caucasian heads were examined to measure the diameter of the LN. The mean diameter of the LN was 2.20±0.37 mm (range, 1.61–2.95 mm). There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements between sexes, sides, or tooth status (dentulous or edentulous). Understanding the anatomical features of the LN is essential for performing any surgical procedure in the oral region.

Light and transmission electron microscopic study of spinal cord in embalmed and fresh cadavers.

Objective : To observe and differentiate histological structures and ultrastructures by light microscope and transmission electron microscope between embalmed cadaveric spinal cord and fresh cadaveric spinal cord. Methods : The spinal cords were dissected from seven embalmed cadavers of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University. The specimens were prepared for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for light microscope (LM)study. Some of the specimens were prepared to study by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Finally we observe and compare between spinal cord from embalmed cadaver and fresh cadaver. Results : By viewing with light microscope, the quality of spinal cords from embalmed cadavers are better and clearer than from fresh cadavers. Viewed by transmission electron microscope, the lipid part in the spinal cord from cadaveric embalmed tissues is degenerated but the protein part is not deformed. Conclusion : The spinal cords from cadavers which were fixed by excess formalin injection and embalmed in formalin for 1-2 years , are well-preserved for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining techniques for light microscope (LM) study in Histology. However in the EM of spinal cord sections from embalmed cadavers, the protein component was more likely withstand to formalin and embalmment procedures compared to the lipid componennt (e.g.myelin sheath, cell membrane).

Technique of colored latex vascular injection in neurosurgical soft cadaveric head.

Objective : To present our technique of injected vascular specimen, so as to facilitate the process of cadaveric head preparation.Material and Method : Colored latex is used to inject the extracranial part of cerebral arteries and veins. The process is composed of three steps and can be summarized as follows: 1) exposure and cannulation of the extracranial vessels 2) irrigation of vessels to remove blood clol and 3) preparation and injection of the colored latex. Results : The quality of the injection was evaluated by inspection of both superficial and deep vascular trees( both venous and arterial dural vessels). There was sometimes the leakage of latex from the vessels. Conclusion : The simple and inexpensive process of cadaveric head preparation would promote the neuroanatomical knowledges of neurosurgical residents and practicing neurosurgeons.