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Background: This pinnacle抯 the importance for alternative measurements which predicts birth weight and gestational age (GA). Foot length is a simple measure and does not require expertise. The aim of this study was to study correlation of foot length and GA among preterm, term and post-term neonates.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study done in 155 babies. Anthropometric measurements were taken within the first 24 hours of life. GA estimation was done using modified Ballard score. Foot length, head circumference and chest circumference were measured and noted. Weight of the baby was recorded using electronic weighing scale.Results: Foot length statistically correlated (p<0.05) with GA assessment using NBS, weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference. The highest correlation of foot length in term SGA and term AGA babies for foot length was with head circumference (r=0.74 and 0.64 respectively). In pre-terms, foot length correlated well with head circumference and birth weight (r=0.92, 0.84 and 0.92 respectively). There were no babies in preterm LGA group and post term SGA and LGA group.Conclusions: Foot length also statistically correlated with other parameters like birth weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference.
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Background: Gestational age (GA) is a critical-factors in the decision making and predicting mortality and morbidities of neonates. In low resource settings where affordability and availability of first trimester scan is limited, assessment is often done by postnatal methods like expanded new Ballard score (ENBS) which are often clinical skill dependent and complex. Hence, there is a need of a simple and cost-effective method which can be readily adopted by frontline health care workers at periphery. One such method is assessment of foot length (FL). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the level 3 NICU of Central India over a period of 18 months. Included neonates were assessed for GA by measuring FL by vernier calliper within 48 hours of birth and its validity was tested against ENBS as reference standard. Other anthropometric measurements like birth weight, head circumference and length were obtained within 48 hours of birth. Results: Total 700 neonates were included in the study. For, determining preterm newborn, the potential cut-off of FL of ?6.86 cm, with a sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 73.8%. The area under ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve is 0.92. Conclusions: FL measurement is a cost-effective and time-saving simple intervention that can facilitate early identification of preterm newborns as well as help in initiating timely interventions and hence improving neonatal outcomes in resource-poor settings
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@#A 23-year-old female presented with headache, palpitation, and hypertensive spells. There was no similar family history. Twenty-four (24) hour urine testing showed elevated normetanephrine level with normal metanephrines [metanephrines 123 mcg/24 hrs (74-297); normetanephrines 5321.16 mcg/24 hrs (73-808)]. A biochemical diagnosis of normetanephrine-secreting pheochromocytoma was made. Considering the age and urine reports, a functional scan was ordered. Imaging with 18-FDG PET CT was done which showed uptake indicative of a large left adrenal mass, as well as uptake in the mediastinal, abdominopelvic, lymph nodes and metabolically active mesenteric, peritoneal and omental thickness. This suggested a left adrenal pheochromocytoma with the possibility of an associated lymphoproliferative disorder or active lesions in brown fat. To describe these extra-adrenal lesions, a Ga-68 This work DOTANOC PET CT was obtained which showed a diffuse somatostatin receptor-expressing large soft tissue mass lesion in the left adrenal likely to be pheochromocytoma without any other lesion elsewhere in the whole body survey. This depicts the confusion created by the metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the FDG PET scan. Brown fat is involved in non-shivering thermogenesis and is typically located in the cervical, supraclavicular, mediastinal, and abdominal regions. High uptake in the BAT can make interpretation of the FDG PET report difficult and misleading. Some precautions like avoidance of cold and beta blockers can minimize BAT uptake in FDGPET scans.
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Tejido Adiposo Pardo , FeocromocitomaRESUMEN
【Objective】 To develop a clinical prediction model based on 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 (68Ga-PSMA-11), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) parameters to stratify prostate cancer patients undergoing targeted biopsy, so as to avoid unnecessary systematic biopsy. 【Methods】 A total of 96 clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI prior to prostate targeted biopsy with systematic biopsy during Jan.2020 and Feb.2023 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.By univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and minimum apparent diffusion coefficien (ADCmin) in mpMRI, as well as clinical parameters were evaluated to identify the independent predictors correlative with the effective diagnosis of targeted biopsy, and a clinical prediction model was constructed. 【Results】 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SUVmax (OR=0.878, 95%CI: 0.804-0.959, P=0.004) and ADCmin (OR=1.005, 95%CI:1.001-1.010, P=0.027) were independent predictors of the effective diagnosis of targeted biopsy alone.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of the model were 0.80, 0.80, 0.83 and 0.84, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The clinical prediction model based on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and mpMRI parameters is helpful to improve the effective diagnosis of targeted biopsy alone, and has practical value to stratify patients with csPCa so as to safely avoid systematic biopsy and effectively balance the benefits and risks.
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The present investigation was conducted to study the Effect of pre-harvest application of plant growth regulators (PGR) and bagging on Physical attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in cv. L - 49. The research was carried out at the main experiment station Horticulture, Department of Fruit Sciences, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya 224229 (U.P.) India during the year 2022-23. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and 8 treatments GA3 (50 ppm) and NAA (20 ppm) and GA3 (50 ppm) +NAA (20 ppm), GA3 (50 ppm) with bagging, and NAA (20 ppm) with bagging. GA3 (50 ppm) + NAA (20 ppm) with bagging, bagging (white polythene), and control applied on spray 45 days before harvesting. It is concluded that among the different treatments. T6 GA3 (50 ppm) + NAA (20 ppm) with bagging, was recorded maximum Fruit length (4.90 cm), Fruit width (6.62 cm), Fruit weight (158.20 gram), Fruit volume (161.60 cm3), Specific gravity (0.98 g/cm3) therefore, recommended for application to the Guava tree in the sub-tropical region of Uttar Pradesh in order to obtain better quality fruit.
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India is called a home for spices and also involved in the export. Chilli is an indispensable spice, essentially used in every Indian cuisine due to its pungency, taste, appealing odour and flavour. Quality seed is a key component for the successful agriculture, where the main objective is each seed should germinate and produce a vigorous seedling which ensures higher seed yield, productivity and also better storability to achieve good yield in the coming season. To achieve all the above said traits, the seed technologists have developed seed enhancement techniques. Seed enhancement techniques are post-harvest treatment of seeds to enhance the seed germination and seedling growth by facilitating the delivery of seeds with other materials at sowing time. This enhancement technique includes hydration treatments like seed priming and seed encapsulation like seed pelleting, which impacts significantly on seedling emergence and establishment. In this experiment study was conducted different priming treatments, seeds primed with KNO3 @ 1%, 2% and 3% and seeds primed with GA3 @ 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, the seeds treated with KNO3 @ 1% showed highest germination percentage, root, shoot, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index I and II which was followed by GA3 @ 50 ppm. Acknowledge of proper priming techniques in order to improve the germination in the seeds.
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During the Rabi season in 2022-2023, a comprehensive trial was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya. Employing a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), the research assessed twelve different interventions, consisting of biofertilizers, GA3, humic acid and a reference group. Notably, the combined application of Azotobacter, Azospirillum, GA3 and humic acid (T10) showcased substantial improvements in several growth parameters. These encompassed plant height (62.23 cm), number of leaves (10.18), length of leaves (54.08 cm), leaf area (624.65 cm²), leaf area index (4.16) and leaf diameter (8.14 mm). Additionally, this treatment recorded the highest Total Soluble Solids (TSS) at 12.37 °Brix. Moreover, the inclusion of sulphur and humic acid significantly affected the pyruvic acid content, with T10 recorded the highest pyruvate values (5.28 µmol/g). Conversely, the reference group (T12) only recorded slight improvements, emphasizing the noteworthy impact of the interventions on both the growth and qualitative characteristics of the onions.
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A field experiment was conducted in 2020–21 at the Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur. The AFRBD (Asymmetrical Factorial Randomized Block Design) was set up with 20 distinct treatment combinations of soil media Soil + Sand, Soil + Vermicompost, Soil + Sand + Vermicompost, Soil +Vermicompost + Biofertisol, Soil + Vermicompost + Azatobactor + PSB + KSB and plant growth regulator i.e. GA3 0 ppm (control), GA3 100 ppm, GA3 200 ppm, GA3 300 ppm. The vigour and germination of seeds were significantly impacted by the type of media used and the usage of plant growth regulators. In regard to the growth parameter, better values for seedling height, number of leaves and stem girth at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing were found with treatment GA3 200 ppm. Growth metrics, such as root length, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight at 120 days, revealed improved results with a higher vigour index when the combination of GA3 200 ppm + growing medium (soil+ vermicompost+ Biofertisol) were applied. The GA3 200 ppm with growing medium (Soil+ Vermicompost+ Biofertisol) were proven to be better in terms of the seed germination parameters. Minimum time was taken for seed germination and increased seed germination percentage had been recorded at 30 days after planting.
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An experiment has been undertaken in the year of 2021 and 2022, to investigate about an efficacy of plant growth substances on vegetative growth traits and fruiting behaviour in strawberry c.v. Winter Down under open condition. This research work has been done under Randomized Block Design (RBD) having thirteen treatments viz. GA 3 50, 75 and 100 ppm, promalin concentration such as 4, 6 and 8 ppm, GA 4+7 with10,15 and 20 ppm, NAA at 15, 20, 25 ppm and control (water spray) and every treatment was replicated three times. Result showed the strawberry plants treated by 20 ppm GA 4+7 fourteen days before blooming positively find out the highest plant height (33.33 cm) , leaf area (238.59 cm2), number of flower plant-1(30.76) as compared to control. Plant treated by 8 ppm promalin has also revealed positive results as compared with water spray. Therefore, this has been concluded that the application of 20 ppm GA 4+7 applied fourteen days before blooming is significant for vegetative growth traits and fruiting of Winter Down cultivar of strawberry.
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A trial was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences,Prayagraj (UP) during 2022. This study investigates the “Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (GA3 and NAA) on growth, yield and quality of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.).” The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, survival percentage, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of flower clusters per plant, number of fruit set per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, and benefit-cost ratio. The results of thestudy indicate that the application of increased percentage of NAA and GA3 significantly improvedthe growth and yield tomatoes. The highest fruit yield, fruit weight, TSS, and ascorbic acid contentwere observed in the plants treated with GA3 @60ppm + NAA @60ppm. The benefit- cost ratio wasalso found to be higher in the treated plants compared to the control. Overall, the study suggests thatthe application of GA3 @60ppm + NAA @60ppm can be an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of Tomatoes.
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Background: Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance of the different levels of GA3 and NAA as foliar spray on growth and yield attributes of cauliflower cv. Pusa Snowball KT-25 at Vegetable Research Farm, Regional Horticultural Research Station, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat.Methods: The experiment was framed in Randomized Block Design with three replications, which included nine treatments.Results: The results revealed that the application of GA3 @ 150 mg l-1 (T5) recorded higher values for growth character viz., plant height (69.26 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (29.67), length of stalk (6.54 cm) as well as plant spread in N-S (69.48 cm) and E-W (71.70 cm). In case of yield attributes, the same treatment GA3 @ 150 mg l-1 (T5) at 40 and 60 DATP exhibited maximum curd diameter (17.80 cm), gross weight of curd (2.88 kg plant-1), net weight of curd (789.59 g plant-1), yield plot-1 (20.23 kg) and yield hectare-1 (31.22 t) followed by NAA @ 80 mg l-1 (T7). Whereas, days to 50 % curd initiation and days to first marketable curd did not show any significant differences.
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During 2023, the research was carried out under laboratory condition at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to find out the effect of TSP polymer seed coating on germination physiology of green gram. The seeds were coated with TSP polymer, TSP polymer with preservatives, TSP polymer with PGRs and TSP polymer with preservatives and PGRs @ 6 g/ kg of seeds. Among the various constituents of polymer, TSP polymer with preservative (0.1% Sodium sorbate) and PGR (1.5 ppm BRs) performed better with good speed of germination and seedling vigour.
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A cherry tomato is a small-sized tomato variety known for its round shape and sweet flavor. Therefore, at the Department of Horticulture at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, an investigation titled "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato" was conducted during the Rabi-2022-23 season to assess the impact of plant growth regulators on the growth, quality, and yield of Pusa Cherry 1 tomatoes, as well as analyze the economic aspects of different treatments. Ten treatments were employed, including control with different concentrations of growth regulators (GA3 and Auxin) and Kinetin. The study found that using plant growth regulators had a significantly positive effect on cherry tomatoes for all traits. Among the treatments tested, T3(GA3 @ 75 ppm) showed the most favourable results in terms of plant height, number of primary branches, early flowering and maturing. T3 also demonstrated superior performance in terms of fruit weight, the maximum number of fruits per plant, and yield per plant.
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The present experiment was conducted during Rabi 2019 at experimental field of Pulses Research unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola to assess the suitable priming treatment for chickpea crop (variety: JAKI-9218). The experiment was laid out in randomize block design in three replication. The morpho-physiological traits viz. germination %, plant height, number branches, dry matter content, number of day required to 50% flowering were taken.. The morpho-physiological i.e. plant height, number of branches, dry matter content, germination % showed significant increased in chickpea crop when seed priming was carried out with potassium nitrate for 4 hours. The numbers of days required to 50% flowering were recorded least in seed priming GA3 for 4 hours. Protein content also recorded significantly higher in seed priming with potassium nitrate for 4 hours. Yield and yield attributes were also significantly increased in seed priming with potassium nitrate for 4 hours. It is concluded that seed priming were with potassium nitrate for 4 hours recorded higher morpho-physiological characters over priming treatment and control.
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The present investigation was carried out to find influences of different sowing dates with application of GA3 on germination and seedling growth of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in subtropical condition Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design with three replications during August-March (2022-23) at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India. The 10 treatments comprised of five dates of sowing i.e., T1: 20 August 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T2: 20 August without seed treatment from GA3, T3: 5 September 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @ 100 ppm, T₄: 5 September without seed treatment from GA3, T5: 20 September 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T6: 20 September 2022 without seed treatment from GA3. T7: 5 October 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T8: 5 October 2022 without seed treatment from GA3, T9: 20 October 2022 with seed treatment from GA3 @100ppm, T10: 20 October 2022 without seed treatment from GA3. From all the above treatments the highest percentage of germination was recorded from T7: 93.33% followed by T8: 90% and T10: 91.66% and vegetative growth of seedling was higher in T7 followed by T8 and T9. All the treatments are sown in nursery through seed propagation after that transplanted in main field level for observe germination parameters and vegetative growth of Cape gooseberry seedling influenced by different sowing dates.
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Plant growth regulator’s plays a very important role in Kinnow production. There are different type of PGR’s that includes GA3, NAA, CPPU and Ethyl which when applied on kinnow performs well and give good results such as high quality, yield and long shelf life of the fruit. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are well known for having a significant impact on fruit retention. Plant growth regulators are hormones that are involved in physiological functions, developmental aspect and have an impact on cell development and growth. They are cellular communication tools known as chemical messengers Also known by the name "plant hormones”. Plant growth regulators enhance fruit set, minimize fruit drop, and correct a variety of physiological functions to improve quality and productivity by improving the physiology of fruits. Gibberellins and auxin are frequently used to reduce fruit drop and enhance fruit quality. The primary role of plant growth regulators in the creation of Kinnow mandarins is the main subject of this review.
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India is a leader in the usage of the ancient ayurveda system and is blessed with a vast richness of medicinal herbs. Over 68 Ayurveda formulations contain the medicine Guduchi as one of its main constituents, and need for this medication has climbed from 3000 to 6000 MT with a 9.1% yearly increase. Unfortunately, uncontrolled harvesting is causing the natural populations to decline. There is plenty of room to expand the commercial production of these plants given the enormous increase in demand. For the purpose of creating a technique for rapid multiplication, propagation by stem cuttings was examined in the current experiment. For this species, the impact of various GA3 concentrations on stem cuttings during 30 DAP and 45 DAP was investigated using the randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The 200 ppm GA3-treated stem cuttings of T. cordifolia (T1) showed considerable rooting (85.75%). The highest shoot lengths at 45 days after planting were measured for treatments T1 (average 106.15 cm). Maximum root numbers were measured for treatments T1 (6.25 cm) and treatment T1 had slightly longer roots (17.42 cm), but there were no statistical differences in mean values. Throughout the course of the experiment, T. cordifolia cuttings' average lowest and maximum growth rates ranged from 4.33 cm/day to 7.1 cm/day. The results of this study showed that the optimal propagation approach for T. cordifolia for commercial multiplication is influence of hormonal treatments on stem cuttings.
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Background: Placenta forms the most important link between the developing foetus and the mother. The placenta's health is crucial for the foetus' proper growth and development. The outcome of pregnancy is changed when there is a change in the placental location or architecture for both the mother and the foetus. No matter the cause, placenta previa increases maternal and foetal risks by several times. Aim and objectives of current study are to investigate the incidence of placenta previa in hospital obstetric patients and the maternal and fetal outcome in cases of placenta previa.Methods: 100 patients delivered in the Govt. Medical College, Kota with cases of placenta previa. Risk factors like Gestational age at the onset of bleeding, expectant management, gestational age at delivery and the mode of delivery. The birth weight and APGAR score of the newborn were observed.Results: The risk of placenta previa is 3 time higher in multigravida than primigravida. 52% chances of placenta previa with male babies. Peak incidence of bleeding is noted around 34-36 weeks. 92% of placenta previa cases were delivered LSCS. PPH was main morbidity out of all morbidities. 55% of babies were less than 2.4 Kg. 44% were anterior, 38% posterior and rest 6% central placenta previa.Conclusions: Placenta previa poses a serious risk to both the mother and the foetus, whether it is accidentally discovered by ultrasound or as a result of a clinical emergency like a haemorrhage in the mother. The best outcome can be achieved with an accurate diagnosis, prudent expectant management, blood transfusion as necessary, and prompt delivery.
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Comprehensively, nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a quiet epidemic in many underdeveloped nations. Nutrient deficiencies in humans and animals are a global problem in most developing countries. Lentil is one of the most important and nutritious Rabi pulse in India. It’s a leguminous crop that improves the soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. In this contest an experiment was conducted to study the enhancement of plant growth, chlorophyll content, flowering, yield and seed protein content by plant growth regulators in DPL-62 lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik) variety during two Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD). Five growth regulators viz. triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), gibberellic acid (GA3), cytokinin, indole acetic acid (IAA), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were used in Eleven treatments were tested T1: Control, T2: 25 ppm TIBA, T3: 50 ppm TIBA, T4: 25 ppm GA3, T5: 50 ppm GA3, T6: 5 ppm Cytokinin, T7: 10 ppm Cytokinin, T8: 25 ppm IAA, T9: 50 ppm IAA, T10: 25 ppm NAA, T11: 50 ppm NAA. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (38.12 & 38.15 cm at harvest) was obtained by the 50 ppm GA3 followed by 50 ppm IAA (37.00 & 38.10 cm at harvest) spray at all stages. However, the 50 ppm TIBA showed better results (per plant) viz., number of branches (15.00, 15.33 at 110DAS), leaf area (86.50, 86.32 at 110DAS), number of pods (160.20, 160.37), pod setting (65.45, 65.50%), seed weight (2.02, 2.10g), test weight (27.32, 27.39g) and seed yield (1500.00, 1510.00 kg ha-1) of lentil as compared to all other treatments. The maximum days of flowering (67.50, 67.85) and days of maturity. On the basis of the observed results the growing of DPL-60 lentil variety with foliar applications of 50 ppm TIBA is recommended for the farmers of the test area for greater production and profitability.
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A study on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth of chrysanthemum was carried out at K.N.K. College of Horticulture, Mandsaur. Experiment was laid out in completely randomized design(CRD) with three replications. Chrysanthemum cultivar- Hybrid-2 was used for the experiment. Six PGR treatments consisting of three concentrations each of GA and NAA i.e., GA3 (100, 150 & 200 ppm) and NAA (75 ppm, 125 ppm and 200 ppm) were applied to the experiment. GA3 (200 ppm) recorded the maximum values for plant height, plant spread, number of branches / plant, number of leaves/ plant, leaf length (cm), leaf stalk length (cm), number of suckers per plant, number of flowers per plant, flower stalk length (cm), flower diameter and flowering duration as well as the earliest first flower bud appearance and first flower opening. This treatment also recorded the longest vase life of cut flowers (days), the maximum total water uptake in vase and the maximum diameter of fully opened flower in vase life.