Research progress on quality control of gelatinous Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Gelatinous Chinese materia medica (GCMM), as a valuable nourishing traditional medicine in China, has been used widely for a long time. The quality control for GCMM has undergone a long development, including physical and chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, electrophoresis, spectroscopy, HPLC, DNA identification techniques, and LC-MS with unique peptide as target. The article summarizes the progress of quality control system of GCMM in recent years, analyzes the remaining problems, puts forward the feasibility protocol to further improve the quality control system, and provides ideas for the comprehensive evaluation of GCMM and its related products.

Gelatinous Transformation of Bone Marrow Mimicking Malignant Marrow-Replacing Lesion on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Patient without Underlying Devastating Disease

Gelatinous transformation of bone marrow is characterized by hypoplasia of fat cells with focal loss of hematopoietic cells and deposition of extracellular gelatinous substances. It is known to be associated with devastating underlying diseases that starve bone marrow. Here, we present a case of a patient whose magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of vertebral column were interpreted as metastasis or hematologic malignancy, however, the final diagnosis revealed a gelatinous transformation of bone marrow. This is the first report of gelatinous transformation of bone marrow without evidence of underlying devastating disease.

Content Determination of L-Hyp and Collagen in 3 kinds of Gelatinous Chinese Medicines by Pre-column Derivation-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material,and to compare the contents of two components in reference medicinal material and commercially available medicinal material.METHODS:Pre-column derivatization was adopted for pretreatment.The content of L-Hyp was determined by HPLC.The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5,7 ∶ 93,V/V)-acetonitrile-water (4 ∶ 1,V/V) (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 254 urn,and column temperature was set at 43 ℃.The sample size was 20 μL.The content of collagen was calculated by using convert coefficient.RESULTS:The linear range of L-Hyp were 2.5-40 μg/mL(r=0.999 9).LOQ was 0.20 μg/mL,and LOD was 0.05 t g/mL.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 96.03％-102.07％ (RSD =2.20％,n =9).There was difference in the contents of L-Hyp and collagen among 28 batches of commercially available medicinal material.The contents of two components in 13 batches of commercially available Colla Corii Asini were relative close to reference medicinal material;5 batches of Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis and 7 batches of Cervi Comus Colla were much higher than those of reference medicinal material.CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,reliable and suitable for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material.

Content Determination of L-Hyp and Collagen in 3 kinds of Gelatinous Chinese Medicines by Pre-column Derivation-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material,and to compare the contents of two components in reference medicinal material and commercially available medicinal material.METHODS:Pre-column derivatization was adopted for pretreatment.The content of L-Hyp was determined by HPLC.The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5,7 ∶ 93,V/V)-acetonitrile-water (4 ∶ 1,V/V) (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 254 urn,and column temperature was set at 43 ℃.The sample size was 20 μL.The content of collagen was calculated by using convert coefficient.RESULTS:The linear range of L-Hyp were 2.5-40 μg/mL(r=0.999 9).LOQ was 0.20 μg/mL,and LOD was 0.05 t g/mL.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 96.03％-102.07％ (RSD =2.20％,n =9).There was difference in the contents of L-Hyp and collagen among 28 batches of commercially available medicinal material.The contents of two components in 13 batches of commercially available Colla Corii Asini were relative close to reference medicinal material;5 batches of Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis and 7 batches of Cervi Comus Colla were much higher than those of reference medicinal material.CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,reliable and suitable for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material.

Medusas (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) de una zona de afloramiento costero, Bahía Culebra, Pacífico, Costa Rica / Medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from a coastal upwelling zone, Culebra Bay, Pacific, Costa Rica

The hydromedusae have an important role in marine trophic webs due to their predatory feeding habits. This is the first study of this group of gelatinous marine zooplankton in a coastal upwelling area of Central America. The composition and abundance variability of hydromedusae were studied during six months in 1999 at four stations in Culebra Bay, Gulf of Papagayo, Pacific coast of Costa Rica (10º37’ N-85º40’ W). A total of 53 species were identified, of which 26 are new records for Costa Rica, 21 are new records for Central America, and eight are new records for the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The more abundant species (more than 30% of the total abundance) were Liriope tetraphylla, Solmundella bitentaculata and Aglaura hemistoma. Six species occurred throughout the sampling period, 10 were present only during the dry season (December-April), and 17 were so during the rainy season (May-November). Significant differences of medusan abundances were found between seasons (dry vs. rainy). Maximum abundance (2.1±4.3ind./m³) was recorded when upwelled deeper water influenced the Bay, as indicated by local higher oxygen concentrations and lower water temperatures. The relatively high species richness of medusae found in Culebra Bay is probably related to factors like the pristine condition of the Bay, the arrival of oceanic species transported by the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), the eastward shoaling of the Costa Rica Dome, and local currents. Illustrations of the 15 more important species are included to facilitate their identification and foster future work in the region.

Las hidromedusas tienen un papel importante en redes tróficas marinas debido a sus hábitos alimenticios depredadores. Este es el primer estudio de este grupo del zooplancton gelatinoso en un area de afloramiento costero en América Central. Durante seis meses de 1999, se estudió la abundancia de hidromedusas en cuatro estaciones en Bahía Culebra, Golfo de Papagayo, costa Pacífica de Costa Rica (10º 37’N-85º40’W). Se identificó un total de 53 especies de las que 26 son registros nuevos para Costa Rica, 21 son registros nuevos para América Central y 8 son nuevos registros para el Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Las especies más abundantes durante el estudio (con más de 30% de la abundancia total) fueron Liriope tetraphylla, Solmundella bitentaculata y Aglaura hemistoma. Seis especies se presentaron en todos los muestreos, 10 especies se presentaron únicamente durante la época seca y 17 se presentaron únicamente durante la época lluviosa. Se mostraron diferencias significativas entre las épocas lluviosa y seca. La máxima abundancia promedio de hidromedusas (2.1±4.3 ind./m³) fue encontrada durante las fechas que se espera el afloramiento costero, indicado por alta concentración de oxígeno y baja temperatura. La rica composición de especies encontrada en Bahía Culebra puede ser el resultado de varios factores, incluyendo la condición prístina de la bahía, el transporte de especies por la Contra Corriente Nor-Ecuatorial (NECC) y los aportes de origen terrestre. Se incluyen ilustraciones de las 15 especies más importantes para facilitar su identificación y promover estudios futuros en la región.

Alkaline protease production, extraction and characterization from alkaliphilic Bacillus licheniformis KBDL4: A Lonar soda lake isolate.

A bacterium producing an alkaline protease was isolated from the Lonar soda lake, Buldhana district (19°58' N; 76°31' E), Maharashtra, India. The most appropriate medium for the growth and protease production was composed of (g/L): casein 10; yeast extract 4; KH2PO4 0.5, K2HPO4 0.5 and CaCl2 0.5. The enzyme showed maximum activity with and without 5 mM Ca2+ at 70 and 60 oC, respectively. The enzyme retained 40 and 82% of its initial activity after heating for 60 min at 60 oC, in absence and presence of 5 mM CaCl2 respectively. The enzyme remained active and stable at pH 8-12, with an optimum at pH 10. The enzyme showed stability towards non-ionic and anionic surfactants, and oxidizing agents. It also showed excellent stability and compatibility with commonly used laundry detergents. Wash performance analysis revealed that enzyme could effectively remove blood stains. It also showed decomposition of gelatinous coating on X- ray film.

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Case Report.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon condition characterized by abundant extracellular mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity and tumoural implants on the peritoneal and epiploic surfaces. Aim of this case report is to create awareness among the clinicians regarding this uncommon disease presented with ascites and irregular masses in the abdomen. PMP is a rare disease, may be benign or malignant, presented with ascites and irregular masses in the abdomen which is infrequently encountered in our clinical practice.

Chave de identificação dos Ctenophora da costa brasileira / Identification key for the ctenophores from Brazilian coast

Embora abundantes e importantes ecologicamente no meio marinho, os ctenóforos do litoral brasileiro têm sido pouco estudados. O presente estudo tem por objetivo prover informações para auxiliar na identificação desses organismos. Para tal, são descritos métodos de fixação e documentação fotográfica dos ctenóforos. A terminologia referente ao grupo, em língua portuguesa, é apresentada na forma de um glossário. Além disso, as características que distinguem as treze espécies registradas para águas brasileiras são organizadas em uma chave de identificação. A complementação da identificação pode ser feita pela literatura indicada para cada espécie.

Although ctenophores are abundant and ecologically important in the marine environment, they are poorly known in the Brazilian coast. The present study is a taxonomic key for the ctenophores from the Brazilian coast. It aims to help students and non-specialist researchers with the identification of those organisms. Collecting, preserving and photographing methods are described. Characters that distinguish the thirteen species registered in Brazilian marine territories are presented.

A Case of Gelatinous Transformation of Marrow in a Patient with Congestive Heart Failure in Malnutrition / 대한혈액학회지

We experienced a case of gelatinous transformation of bone marrow in a patient with congestive heart failure in malnutrition. The biopsy findings of bone marrow were gelatinous transformation, a condition characterized by disruption of marrow architecture, fat atrophy, and deposition of hyaluronic acid. Gelatinous transformation is often mistaken as representing edema, necrosis, or amyloidosis.

Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow complicated by self induced starvation.

Gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GMT) is rare. It has been found to be associated with severe illnesses and malnutrition (rarely). A case report highlighting GMT as " starvation marrow" along with review of literature is being presented.

The Phonetic Characteristics in the Types of Reinke's Edema / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reinke's edema has shown different voice qualities and different mucosal waves according to the degree of swelling in the vocal folds. The subjects were classified into three types : waterish, mixed, and gelatinous type according to the consistency of fluid in the Reinke's space. We compared voice parameters of different types of Reinke's edema. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All of the subjects were classified according to the laryngoscopic findings and operation findings. History for duration of disease, smoking histories, and the severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux were evaluated. Stroboscopy and videokymography were used for the assessment of mucosal waves. Voice parameters were obtained and compared from all subjects to assess acoustic and aerodynamic factors. RESULTS: Vocal fold vibrations of waterish type was more active than the gelatinous type or mixed type in the stroboscopic findings and videokymography. The fundamental frequency of gelatinous type was significantly lower compared to other types: however, subglottic pressure was significantly higher compared to other types. CONCLUSIONS: Reinke's edema was classified according to the gelatinous type, mixed type and waterish type according to the consistency of fluid in the vocal folds. There were typically acoustic and stroboscopic findings in each type.

A Case of Anorexia Nervosa with Gelatinous Transformation of Marrow / 대한임상병리학회지

Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow is rarely found and characterized by accumulation of hyaluronic acid, fat atrophy and associated with bone marrow hypoplasia. This process has been reported to occur in severely malnourished patients. We report an anorexia nervosa patient showing pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow associated with gelatinous transformation. Pathogenesis of this lesion remains unclear.