Diferencias y similitudes generacionales de enfermeras asturianas de los siglos xx y xxi desde la perspectiva de género / Generational Differences and Similitudes among Austrian Nurses from the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries Based on a Gender Perceptive

Introducción: El siglo pasado facilita el acceso al legado que pueden aportar diferentes generaciones de profesionales de enfermería en distintos entornos de salud. Cuatro generaciones de enfermeras asturianas pudieron coincidir en un mismo grupo de trabajo y al analizar el tiempo histórico que le ha correspondido a cada una, se observa una gran diferencia tanto a nivel teórico como práctico y tecnológico en la manera de administrar los cuidados. Objetivo: Identificar las diferencias o similitudes generacionales existentes entre la percepción de roles paradomésticos de cuatro generaciones de enfermeras asturianas y su nivel de dependencia del poder médico desde una perspectiva de género. Métodos: Se ha partido de los principios del paradigma hermenéutico orientando la investigación desde la perspectiva aportada por la historia social y cultural. La muestra ha estado integrada por enfermeras asturianas pertenecientes a la generación de Veteranos, Baby Boom, Generación X y Millennials. Se realizaron 40 entrevistas desde febrero de 2018 hasta abril del 2020. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el modelo estructural dialéctico de los cuidados y para el análisis de datos cualitativo el software Atlas ti 7. Resultados: Emergieron 3 categorías: unidad funcional, marco funcional y elemento funcional. Sobresalen las diferentes expectativas en el uso de la tecnología informática de las distintas generaciones. Las enfermeras Millennials perciben su valoración como miembro importante del equipo de salud, sobre todo por parte de los médicos más jóvenes. Tras la pandemia de la COVID-19 la enfermería se ve reforzada como una fuerza laboral feminizada. Conclusión: Las enfermeras Millennial a pesar de reconocer el servilismo aún vigente dentro de la profesión de enfermería, apuestan por el cambio y la lucha del reconocimiento de su labor, a nivel social y profesional(AU)

Introduction: The past century facilitates access to the legacy that can be provided by different generations of nursing professionals in different health care settings. Four generations of Asturian nurses could coincide in the same work group and, upon analyzing the historical time that has corresponded to each one, a great difference was observed at the theoretical, practical and technological levels regarding the way of providing care. Objective: To identify the generational differences or similarities between perception of paradomestic roles of four generations of Asturian nurses and their level of dependence on medical power from a gender perspective. Methods: The start has been the principles of the hermeneutic paradigm, orienting the research from the perspective provided by social and cultural history. The sample was composed of Asturian nurses belonging to the generation of veterans, baby boomers, generation X and millennials. Forty interviews were conducted from February 2018 to April 2020. The dialectical structural model of care was used for data analysis, while the ATLAS.ti 7 software was used for qualitative data analysis. Results: Three categories emerged: functional unit, functional framework and functional element. The different expectations in the use of information technology by the different generations stand out. Millennial nurses perceive their valuation based on the fact that they are an important member of the healthcare team, especially by the opinion of younger physicians. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing is reinforced as a feminized workforce. Conclusion: Millennial nurses, despite recognizing the subservience that still exists within the nursing profession, are committed to change and the struggle for recognition of their work, both socially and professionally(AU)

Perceptions of the return to face-to-face education and reconfiguration of the domestic burden of university teachers during Covid-19 post-pandemic times / Percepciones sobre el retorno a la educación presencial y la reconfiguración de la carga doméstica de docentes universitarias en tiempos de pospandemia por covid-19 / Percepções sobre o retorno ao ensino presencial e a reconfiguração do Sobrecarga doméstica de professores universitários em tempos pós-pandemia devido à covid-19

Introduction: After a year and a half of contingency measures due to the Covid-19 virus in Colombia, by 2022 there was a return to face-to-face sessions in the educational field. This return to work implied a process of psychological adaptation to social distancing measures and to face-to-face work routines, and changes in domestic dynamics that were set during teachers' teleworking. Objective: To describe the perception of the return to face-to-face work and reconfiguration of the domestic burden of university teachers. Materials and Methods: The study approach was qualitative with a phenomenological design. The participating population were teachers in the higher education field in the city of Popayán (Colombia). Results and Conclusions: We found a favorable perception of teachers regarding the return to face-to-face work, as well as expectations about the reduction of the workload that allows quality time with their families; however, there was no evidence of an attempt to distribute these tasks evenly amongst the household members, despite the shared family experience during the preventive isolation.

Introducción: En Colombia, para el 2022 se estableció el retorno a la presencialidad en el sector educativo luego de la contingencia por el virus por covid-19. Este retorno implica un proceso de adaptación psicológica a las medidas de distanciamiento social y a las rutinas de trabajo presencial y cambios en las dinámicas domésticas que se establecieron durante el teletrabajo de docentes. Objetivo: Describir la percepción sobre el retorno a la labor presencial y la reconfiguración de la carga doméstica de docentes universitarias. Materiales y métodos: El enfoque del estudio fue cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico. La población participante fueron docentes de educación superior de la ciudad de Popayán (Colombia). Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontró una percepción favorable de las docentes frente al retorno de la presencialidad, así como expectativas sobre la disminución de la carga laboral que permita el tiempo de calidad en familia; sin embargo, no se evidenció una intención de distribución equitativa de las labores domésticas del hogar, a pesar de la experiencia compartida en familia durante el aislamiento preventivo.

Introdução: Na Colômbia, o regresso ao trabalho presencial no sector da educação foi estabelecido para 2022 após a contingência do vírus COVID-19. Este regresso implica um processo de adaptação psicológica às medidas de distanciamento social e rotinas de trabalho presencial e mudanças nas dinâmicas domésticas que foram estabelecidas durante o teletrabalho dos professores. Objetivo: Descrever a percepção do regresso ao trabalho presencial e a reconfiguração da carga de trabalho doméstico das professoras universitárias. Materiais e métodos: A abordagem do estudo foi qualitativa com um modelo fenomenológico. A população participante era de professores do ensino superior na cidade de Popayán (Colômbia). Resultados e conclusões: Encontrámos uma percepção favorável das professoras quanto ao regresso do ensino presencial, bem como expectativas quanto à diminuição da carga de trabalho que permi- tiria um tempo de qualidade para a família; contudo, não havia evidência de uma intenção de distribuição equitativa das tarefas domésticas em casa, apesar da experiência partilhada na família durante o isolamento preventivo.

Cuestión de peso: estudio exploratorio hacia la identificación de estereotipos de cuerpo internalizados por mujeres / A Weight Issue: Exploratory study towards the identification of internalized body stereotypes by women

Los estereotipos se refieren a las creencias populares sobre los atributos que caracterizan a un grupo social. En el caso de las mujeres, existe un estereotipo de género relacionado con una imagen de mujer basada en la delgadez, belleza y el cuidado. En este contexto, se plantea una investigación mayor que aborda las actitudes hacia el cuerpo de la mujer en una muestra de mujeres chilenas y guatemaltecas. El presente artículo contiene los resultados de una parte de dicha investigación llevado a cabo con la muestra de mujeres chilenas. El objetivo del presente artículo fue explorar los atributos asociados a dos tallas corporales en la mujer. De este modo, el presente artículo expone el análisis de respuestas que identificaba atributos sobre los conceptos "gorda" y "flaca". Participaron 299 mujeres entre 15 y 64 años de edad, de diversas regiones de Chile y un grupo pequeño viviendo actualmente en el extranjero que contestan una encuesta en formato online. Resultados: se generan siete categorías para la distribución de los atributos. Específicamente, se observa que la palabra "gorda" se asocia preferentemente a atributos negativos asociados al malestar psicológico y físico, mientras que la palabra "flaca" se asocia preferentemente a atributos positivos asociados a la valoración social y adjetivos calificativos.

Stereotypes refer to popular beliefs about the attributes that characterize a social group. In the case of women, there is a gender stereotype related to an image of a woman based on thinness, beauty and care. In this context, a larger research was carried out addressing attitudes towards the female body in a sample of Chilean and Guatemalan women. This article contains the results of one part of the research carried out with the sample of Chilean women. The aim of this article was to explore the attributes associated with two body sizes in women. Thus, this article exposes the analysis of the responses identifying attributes towards the word "fat" and "skinny". Participants: 299 women between 15 and 64 years old, from various regions of Chile and a small group currently living abroad, who responded an online survey. Results: seven categories were organized containing the distribution of the attributes. Specifically, it is observed that the word "fat" is mostly associated to negative attributes such as psychological and physical discomfort, while the word "skinny" is mostly associated to positive attributes related with social assessment and qualifying adjectives.

Study on Male Nurses' Gender Stereotype and Job Satisfaction / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate gender stereotype and job satisfaction, and to identify the relationship between gender stereotype and job satisfaction in male nurses. METHODS: The participants were 165 male nurses who worked in the Seoul, Gyeonggi and Daejeon areas. Data were collected from August 31th, 2009 to October 15th, 2009. A survey questionnaire was used to measure demographics, gender-role identity, gender stereotype and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 12.0 version. RESULTS: The mean score for gender stereotype was 2.81 points out of a possible 5. There were statistically significant differences in gender stereotype by general characteristics such as career in the current department (F=5.249, p=.007) and position (t=2.547, p=.012). The scores for gender stereotype were significantly higher in the group with less than five years in the current department and in the staff nurse group. The mean score for job satisfaction was 2.95 out of a possible 5. There was a significant negative correlation between gender stereotype and job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Development of educational programs is required to improve the gender stereotype.