Pulmonary infection by Geotrichum candidum.

Geotrichosis is a condition caused by Geotrichum candidum. Apart from thrush and superficial bronchial mucosal infection, pulmonary form is the most common. We report a case of pulmonary geotrichosis in an immunocompetent patient from a tertiary care hospital.

Influência do uso de cultura adjunta nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo Camembert / Effect of the addition of a supplementary culture on the physical physicalchemical and sensory characteristics of Camembert-type cheese

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da adição do Geotrichum candidum, como cultura adjunta, na aceitação e composição do queijo tipo Camembert. O leite utilizado na fabricação dos queijos foi submetido à pasteurização e adicionado de Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis e Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. Foram realizados quatro tratamentos: controle (T1) – sem adição de Geotrichum candidum; e T2, T3 e T4, com concentrações, respectivamente, de 0,5 U, 1 U e 1,5 U do microorganismo. Após 1, 9, 17, 25, 33 e 41 dias de fabricação, os queijos foram avaliados quanto aos parâmetros: acidez, pH, proteína, NS a pH 4,6, NS em TCA12%, umidade, e para gordura e sal no queijo com um dia de preparação. A análise de aceitação foi realizada aos 30 dias de maturação. Os queijos com e sem adição de Geotrichum candidum não diferiram (P > 0,05) nas análises físico-químicas. Os quatros tratamentos diferiram (P < 0,05) em todas as análises no decorrer do tempo de maturação. Com o aumento na concentração do Geotrichum candidum, houve aumento na média de aceitação dos provadores. A utilização do Geotrichum candidum é uma boa alternativa para as indústrias que desejam um produto com boa aceitabilidade e características semelhantes ao tradicional queijo Camembert.

Sequential use of ammonium and leucine as nitrogen sources during growth of Geotrichum candidum on a glucose based medium / Uso secuencial del amonio y leucina como fuentes de nitrógeno durante el crecimiento de Geotrichum candidum en un medio basado en glucosa

Geotrichum candidum growth on ammonium and leucine as nitrogen sources and glucose as a carbon source was examined. A clear preference of G. candidum for ammonium over leucine as a nitrogen source was shown. Indeed, ammonium was completely exhausted at the end of exponential growth after less than 35 hrs of culture; in contrast only 5 percent of leucine was concomitantly assimilated. Growth continued at slower rates on glucose and leucine as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively, and at the end of culture (185 hrs), leucine was completely exhausted.

Screening of microbial lipases and evalutaion of their potential to produce glycerides with high gamma linolenic acid concentration

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, cis- 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid), an important compound in n-6 eicosanoid family biosynthesis, occurs in the lipids of a few plant and microbial sources. This study focused on the screening of microbial strains with suitable lipase activity for enrichment of GLA by selective hydrolysis of the borage oil (21.6 percent of GLA/total fatty acids). Firstly, 352 microrganisms were tested for their lipolytic capacity using screening techniques on agar plates containing borage oil, strains were then selected and screened for their activity (U/mg) using both submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF). The rate of hydrolysis and the selective preference of these hydrolytic enzymes towards fatty acids, with a special focus on enrichment of GLA were studied and compared with those obtained by two commercially-available lipases. Only one of the lipases tested during this study displayed selectivity, discriminating the GLA during the hydrolysis reaction. Using the enzymatic extract from Geotrichum candidum as a biocatalyst of the reaction, it was possible to obtain a percentage of 41.7 percent of GLA in acylglycerols fraction when the borage oil was treated in a fixed-bed reactor for 24 hours at 30ºC.

Optimization of Lipase Production Conditions by Geotrichum candidum Y162 Using Single Factor-response Surface Methodology / 中国生物工程杂志

The fermentation conditions of lipase production by Geotrichum candidum Y162 were optimized. Initially, the most suitable carbon olive oil, nitrogen source soybean flour and NH4Cl, salt BaCl2 and MgCl2 were selected according to single factorial experiments respectively. Based on the result, screening methodology Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of twelve factors related to lipase production and three statistically significant factors olive oil, BaCl2 and NH4Cl were selected. The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of lipase production subsequently. Then, the optimal combined concentration for maximum enzyme activity were further optimized by response surface methodology and determined as follows: olive oil 2.35%, BaCl2 0.36%,and NH4Cl 4.69%.The optimization of culture conditions of G.candidum Y162 led to a 2.25-fold increase in lipase production relative to initial result 14.16 U/ml, which indicate that single factor in combination with response surface methodology is an effective method for optimization of lipase production conditions by G.candidum Y162.

Cutaneous Infection by Geotrichum candidum / 대한의진균학회지

Geotrichum(G.) candidum is a common fungus that is rarely pathogenic for man, first described by Link in 1809, and according to Dodge this fungus is classified as a subspecies of Eremnascaeae imperfectae. This species is largely saprophytic and is usually found in soil, decaying matters, and milk product, although isolation from skin, sputum, and feces of man is not unusual. Geotrichosis, caused by G. candidum may occur as an infection of the lung simulating chronic pulmonary tuberculosis or disseminated infection. Very rarely, skin and mucous membrane infection has been documented. These infections usually affect immunocompromised hosts. Literature concerning skin or soft tissue infection with this fungus is limited, especially in immunocompetent persons there are only a few reports by this organism. In this paper we report a case of cutaneous geotrichosis involving skin in a healthy woman, in which case steroid and trauma was supposed to play some roles in the pathogenesis.