RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of different germplasms of Rehmannia glutinosa based on iridoid glycosides. METHODS The contents of total iridoid glycosides ，catalpol，rehmaionoside D ，rehmaionoside A ，and leonuride in 18 batches of R. glutinosa from 6 germplasms（85-5，JinJiu，BX，BJ-1，Shandong，QH-1）were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. After normalization of the above content determination results ，the quality of different germplasm of R. glutinosa were evaluated by multiple statistical methods such as cluster analysis ，factor comprehensive analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）. RESULTS Among 6 germplasms of R. glutinosa ，the content of total iridoid glycosides in R. glutinosa 85-5 was the highest ，and the content of catalpol in R. glutinosa BX was the highest ；the contents of rehmannioside D and rehmannioside A in R. glutinosa JinJiu were the highest ，and the content of leonuride in R. glutinosa BX was the highest. Cluster analysis showed that R. glutinosa JinJiu were clustered into one category ，R. glutinosa BX clustered into one category ，R. glutinosa Shandong and R. glutinosa BJ-1 were clustered into one category ，and R. glutinosa QH-1 and 85-5 were clustered into one category. Through factor comprehensive analysis ，there were differences in the quality of different germplasms of R. glutinosa . The comprehensive score of R. glutinosa BX，Shandong，85-5，BJ-1，QH-1，JinJiu were 2.283 9，1.689 1，1.664 8， 1.503 3，1.469 0，1.214 6，respectively. PLS-DA showed that variable importance projection value of total iridoid glycosides ， catalpol and leonuride were all higher than 1. CONCLUSIONS The quality difference of R. glutinosa from different germplasms may be caused by total iridoid glycosides ，catalpol and leonuride.
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Based on the field investigation, this paper researched the germplasms and geoherbs habitat of Chonglou in ancient herbal books systematically. The results showed that, Chonglou in ancient herbal books sometimes referred to certain specific germplasm, while sometimes it referred to many species derived from genus Paris except Sect. Paris. The medicinal material Chonglou in Chinese Materia Medica Bencaotujing and Bencaomengquan was verified as P. polyphylla var. chinensis, which could be P. polyphylla in Xinxiubencao, and it should include P. polyphylla or P. polyphylla var. stenophylla in Bencaogangmu. However, it proved to be a variety of species from Paris that can used as Chonglou in Diannanbencao and Zhiwumingshitukao. Moreover, the origins of Chonglou were correspondingly more diverse, with its producing areas changed from North to South. Therefore, with the resources increasing endangered, the botanical origin of Chonglou should be further studied.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to select different genotypes of Lippia sidoides with the highest activity against larvae and engorged females of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The germplasms studied were LSID006, LSID102, LSID103 and LSID104. The LSID104 genotype, that presented carvacrol as a major constituent, was the germplasm with the worst larvicide effect (LC50 2.99 mg/mL). The LSID006 genotype was the least effective against engorged females (LC50 12.46 mg/mL), and it was chemically similar to the LSID102 genotype, which presented the highest acaricide activity (LC50 2.81 mg/mL). We conclude that chemical similarity of the germplasms was not correlated with acaricide activity against R. (B.) microplus. The essential oil of L. sidoides is a potent natural agent. However, the findings of this work provide a better understanding for product development based on this natural product, which must consider synergic effects or the action of minor compounds.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de Lippia sidoides que apresentem maiores atividades em larvas e fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Os genótipos estudados foram LSID006, LSID102, LSID103 e LSID104. O genótipo LSID104, o único a conter o monoterpeno carvacrol como um dos principais constituintes, foi o que apresentou o menor efeito larvicida (CL50 2,99 mg/mL). O genótipo LSID006 apresentou menor efeito sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas (CL50 12,46 mg/mL), entretanto foi quimicamente similar ao genótipo LSID102, que apresentou a maior atividade carrapaticida (CL50 2,81 mg/mL). Conclui-se que a semelhança química dos genótipos não se correlaciona com a atividade carrapaticida contra R. (B.) microplus. O óleo essencial de L. sidoides é um agente natural potente e os resultados deste trabalho proporcionam um melhor entendimento para o desenvolvimento de produtos com base neste produto natural, devendo ser considerado os efeitos sinérgicos ou a ação de compostos presentes em menores concentrações.