Priming semántico directo y mediado ortofonológicamente en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson: un estudio de tiempos de reacción / Direct and orthophonologically mediated semantic priming in patients with Parkinson's disease: evidence from reaction times

El presente estudio aborda el impacto de la enfermedad de Parkinson en el procesamiento de información semántica durante una tarea de reconocimiento visual de palabras. Para ello, se comparó el rendimiento de un grupo de pacientes con Parkinson con el rendimiento de sujetos sin daño neurológico en dos experimentos. Se evaluaron los efectos de tiempo de presentación de un prime semántico directo (Experimento 1) y un prime semántico mediado orto-fonológicamente (Experimento 2). Además, se evaluó la influencia de la frecuencia léxica tanto del prime como la palabra target, sobre el acceso léxico. Los participantes estaban divididos en tres grupos (grupo clínico, grupo de control etario, y grupo de adultos jóvenes). Los tres grupos completaron una tarea de decisión léxica de tiempo de reacción en la modalidad go-no-go. Los participantes debían responder presionando una tecla del computador si el estímulo presentado en la pantalla era una palabra. En el caso contrario cuando era una pseudo palabra, los participantes no debían presionar ninguna tecla. Los resultados en base al número de respuestas correctas y los tiempos de reacción muestran dificultades de procesamiento semántico en el grupo clínico. Sin embargo, este grupo mostró ser sensible a la frecuencia de las palabras y los tiempos de presentación de estas. En su conjunto, los resultados son coherentes con la literatura existente, y contribuyen a comprender de mejor manera el déficit lingüístico presente en la enfermedad de Parkinson.

The present study addresses the incidence of Parkinson's disease in the processing of semantic information during visual word recognition tasks. In order to do so, the performance of a group of patients with Parkinson's was compared with the performance of subjects without neurological impairment in two experiments. We evaluate the effects of presentation time of a semantic prime (Experiment 1) and anortho-phonologically mediated semantic prime (Experiment 2), and the impact of the lexical frequency of both the prime and the target words. Participants divided into three groups (a clinical group, an age control group and a group of young adults), completed a reaction time lexical decision task in the go-no-go modality. They had to respond by pressing a computer key if the stimulus presented on the screen was a word. Otherwise, the participants should not press any key. The results, based on response accuracy and reaction times, show a semantic deficit in the clinical group, while this group was, nevertheless, sensitive to the frequency of the words and their presentation time. As a whole, the results are consistent with the existing literature, and contribute to a better understanding of the linguistic deficit present in Parkinson's disease.

Atenção e comportamento inibitório em crianças de 6 a 8 anos / Attention and inhibitory behavior in children of 6 to 8 year-olds

Muitas evidências sugerem que os processos atentivos apresentam diferenças ao longo do desenvolvimento. O presente estudo avaliou a capacidade atentiva e o controle inibitório de 130 crianças de seis a oito anos de idade em uma tarefa comportamental agir/não agir adaptada para esta faixa etária. Os resultados sugerem que as crianças de seis anos apresentaram tempos de resposta significativamente superiores e cometeram mais erros quando comparadas às crianças de oito anos. Esses achados corroboram estudos que apontam diferenças importantes no processamento da informação nessa faixa etária, principalmente no que se refere à capacidade de controle atentivo, relacionada a comportamentos desatentos frente a um objetivo, e à capacidade de controle inibitório, relacionada a comportamentos impulsivos de resposta motora...

Considerable evidence suggests that attention and inhibitory behavior show differences along specific developmental stages. The present study aimed to evaluate the attention and inhibitory control of 130 children, aged six to eight years, in a go/no-go task adapted for this age group. The results suggest that 6-year-old children had significantly higher reaction times and made more errors when compared to 8-year-old children. These findings corroborate studies that indicate important differences in information processing in the age group studied, especially with regard to the attentional control capacity, related to inattentive behaviors when a goal is proposed, and the inhibitory control capacity, related to impulse response behaviors...

An event-related potential investigation of deficient inhibitory control in individuals with internet addiction disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate deficient inhibitory control in individuals with IAD using a visual go/no-go task by ERPs. Methods 26 individuals met YDQ criteria for IAD were enrolled as research group and marched sexual and age 26 healthy person enrolled as control group. BIS-11 was used for measures of impulsivity.A go/no-go task involved eight different two-digit numerical stimuli. The response window was 1000 ms and the ITIwas 1500 ms. EEG was recorded during participants performed the task. BESA 5.2.0 was used to perform data analysis and the no-go N2 amplitude was analyzed for investigation of inhibitory control. Results BIS-11 total scores, attentional key scores and motor key in IAD group were higher than that of control group. In the go/no-go task, false alarm rate of IAD group was higher and hit rate was lower than that of control group. A repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant group, frontal electrode sites and group × frontal electrode sites main effect for N2amplitudes of no-go conditions ( for group: F= 3953, df= 1, P= 0.000;for frontal electrode sites: F= 541, df= 9, P= 0.000;for group × frontal electrode sites: F = 306, df = 9, P = 0. 000 ), and a significant group, central electrode sites and group × central electrode sites main effect for N2 amplitudes of no-go conditions ( for group: F=9074, df= 1, P = 0. 000;for central electrode sites: F = 163, df= 2, P = 0.000;for group × central electrode sites: F = 73, df= 2, P = 0.000). N2 amplitudes of no-go conditions were lower than those at control group. Conclusions Individuals with IAD were more impulsive than controls and shared neuropsychological and ERPs characteristics of compulsive-impulsive spectrum disorder, which supports that IAD is an impulse disorder or at leastrelated to impulse control disorder.

Design of the automatic control system for visual discrimination Go/No-Go task training / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To design the automatic control system for visual discrimination Go/No Go task training applied in the research of cognitive neuroscience, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, psychology and psychiatry. Methods Windows was used as the operation platform. The powerful graphic visualized Visual C++6.0 was used as the software for the development. Electric magnet compatible technology was applied in the hardware for the purpose of the stable system. Results This system could automatically and accurately control the whole process of visual discrimination Go/No Go task training. Conclusion The system with friendly interface is stable, reliable, easy to operate, and accurate to judge and time the animal behaviors by electric magnet compatible transducer.