The reliability of the original smartphone scoliosis screening APP for measuring the Cobb angle of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the accuracy and repeatability of the smartphone scoliosis screening APP developed by our team in the measurement of the Cobb angle of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods:Clinical data of 60 patients with AIS admitted to Department of Spine and Spinal Surgery, Henan Province People′s Hospital from August 2020 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.Three surveyors measured the coronal main curvature Cobb angle, sagittal thoracic kyphosis (TK) angle, thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) angle and lumbar kyphosis (LL) angle on whole-spine lateral X-ray films of 60 patients with AIS by means of the protractor, scoliosis screening APP and computerized Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). The time and results of each measurement were recorded.The measurement was repeated once after 2 weeks.Paired t-test was used to compare the measurement time of the APP method and the protractor method.Taking the Cobb angle measurement results of the PACS system as the reference standard, the accuracy of Cobb angle measurement by the APP method was analyzed by paired t-test.The repeatability of the surveyor and the consistency between the surveyors was compared by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results:Among the 60 patients with AIS, there were 17 males and 43 females, aged from 10 to 16 years [(12.2±2.4) years]. The main bends were thoracic curvature (Lenke Ⅰ) in 23 cases, Lenke Ⅱ in 18 cases and thoracolumbar curvature/lumbar curvature (Lenke V) in 19 cases.The APP method took significantly less time to measure the Cobb angle than the protractor method ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Cobb angle measured by the APP method and PACS method ( P>0.05). The results of the coronal main curvature Cobb angle, TK angle, TLK angle and LL angle measured by 3 surveyors through the APP method were all in good agreement (ICC=0.990, 0.988, 0.986, 0.987). The repeatability (ICC 0.973-0.982) of the coronal main curvature Cobb angle, TK, TLK and LL measured twice before and after the APP method were both better that of the protractor method (ICC 0.933-0.954). Conclusions:Compared with the traditional protractor, the smartphone scoliosis screening APP has the advantages of short measurement time, high efficiency, excellent accuracy and good repeatability in measuring the Cobb angle of AIS.

Reliability of shoulder rotation movement measured by the smartphone clinometer application / Confiabilidade da medida de movimento de rotação do ombro mensurada pelo aplicativo clinômetro para smartphone

Goniometry is widely used to measure range of motion (ROM), but requires skill and training. In this sense, smartphone apps appear as an alternative. The objective was to assess the reliability and validity of shoulder rotation measurements using a smartphone clinometer app. This study approved by Ethical and Research Committee of the University of Pernambuco. Thirty six (36) healthy and physically active adolescents and young adults participated in the study. In the measurement each volunteer performed external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation of the shoulder in the supine and side lying positions. The shoulder rotation ROM was measured by a goniometer and an application. ER and IR were measured in two days by two evaluators. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC). Validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Both devices had excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability levels in most evaluations. However, the goniometer showed moderate inter-examiner reliability in measuring the internal rotation performed in the lying position (ICC 0.61 to 0.67). The app showed inter-examiner reliability ranging from fair to moderate for the same measurements (ICC 0.35 to 0.61). Significant differences were observed between the values recorded by the two instruments for all measurements performed (p <0.001). A strong correlation was observed between measurements in the supine and side lying positions with the goniometer and a smartphone clinometer app (r> 0.85). The application presented excellent reliability levels as well as demonstrated a high correlation with the goniometer. However, the assessment of IR lying down position should be avoided. (AU)

A goniometria é muito usada para medir a amplitude de movimento (ADM), mas requer habilidade e treinamento. Nesse sentido, os aplicativos para smartphones aparecem como uma alternativa. O objetivo foi avaliar a confiabilidade e a validade das medidas de rotação do ombro usando um aplicativo clinômetro de smartphone. Este estudo foi provado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade de Pernambuco. Participaram do estudo trinta e seis (36) adolescentes e adultos jovens, saudáveis e fisicamente ativos. Na intervenção, cada voluntário realizou rotação externa (RE) e interna (RI) do ombro nas posições em supino e decúbito lateral. A ADM de rotação do ombro foi medida por um goniômetro e um aplicativo. RE e RI foram medidas em dois dias por dois avaliadores. A confiabilidade foi determinada usando coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), erro padrão de medição (EPM) e mudança mínima detectável (MMD). A validade foi avaliada usando os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson. Ambos os dispositivos apresentaram excelentes níveis de confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores na maioria das avaliações. No entanto, o goniômetro apresentou confiabilidade interexaminadores moderada na medição da rotação interna realizada na posição deitada (ICC 0,61 a 0,67). O aplicativo mostrou confiabilidade interexaminadores variando de ruim a moderada para as mesmas medidas (ICC 0,35 a 0,61). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os valores registrados pelos dois instrumentos para todas as medidas realizadas (p <0,001). Uma forte correlação foi observada entre as medidas nas posições supina e deitada de lado com o goniômetro e o aplicativo clinômetro para smartphone (r> 0,85). O aplicativo apresentou excelentes níveis de confiabilidade, bem como demonstrou uma alta correlação com o goniômetro. No entanto, a avaliação da RI na posição deitada deve ser evitada. (AU)

Application value of liquid crystal digital display goniometer in total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the application value of liquid crystal digital display goniometer in total hip arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 83 patients underwent primary total hip arthroplasty, including 28 males and 55 females, aged 42 to 81 (70.4±7.9) years. There were 63 cases of femoral neck fracture and 20 cases of avascular necrosis of femoral head. All patients used liquid crystal digital goniometer to control the anteversion of acetabular cup prosthesis during operation, and CT scanning was used to measure the anteversion of acetabular cup after operation. The two methods were compared to understand the accuracy of using liquid crystal digital goniometer.@*RESULTS@#Postoperative CT measurement showed that the acetabular anteversion of all patients was in the safe area advocated by Lewinnek. The anteversion angle of acetabular cup measured by liquid crystal digital goniometer was 14.20(12.80 to 15.40)°, and the anteversion angle of acetabular cup measured by postoperative CT scan was 14.20 (13.40 to 15.50)°. There was no significant difference between the two (@*CONCLUSION@#It is an accurate and reliable method to control the anteversion of acetabular cup with liquid crystal digital display angle instrument, which has a good auxiliary reference value.

Gender Oriented Variations In The Finger Flexion Cascade In Normal Individuals

Background: A normal Finger Flexion Cascade (FFC) is formed by the fingers of the hand when the hand in a relaxed position. Usually, the fingers of the hand assume a flexed position; gender may influence the normative values of the resting hand due to differences in the anatomical structure of hand and frequency of usage of joints of hand in their respective occupation and habitual activities of daily living. Hence the study aims to find the difference in the FFC between men and women in power grip and nonpower grip occupational activities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a mixed population of five hundred active individuals aged between 25 and 40 years belonging to various occupations of industrial work and individuals working with software companies. Individuals who fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in the study. After completing a questionnaire based on occupation, the subjects were grouped into power grip users and nonpower grip users. The range of motion of the joints of all the fingers, namely, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of both dominant hand and nondominant hand was measured using universal finger goniometer, and the composite finger flexion was recorded using a geometric ruler. The results were analyzed, and Un-paired T-test was used to compare the FFC between the power grip and the nonpower grip group. Results: The FFC variations in both the hands of male and female subjects in power grip users (PGU) and nonpower grip users(NPGU) were recorded. In the dominant hand, it was found that the DIP joint of 5th digit in female subjects had a greater ROM values than male subjects, but greater ROM values in MCP joints of the hand in males were found. The comparison between the range of values of both groups revealed that the values in the PGU group were more than the NPGU group with a statistical significance of p<0.001. Conclusion: The finger flexion cascade was found to be more closed in female subjects than males in both the dominant and nondominant hands of in the power grip users than in the nonpower grip users.

Validity And Intra-Rater Reliability Of Laser Goniometer Versus Electro-Goniometer In Measuring Shoulder Range Of Motion

Background: Providing new objective valid and reliable methods of assessment of a range of motion is always a persistent need for clinical practitioners and researchers in physical therapy for obtaining précised and realistic diagnostic and treatment decisions. So this study was carried out to test the validity and intra-rater reliability of the laser goniometer via comparing repeated measures of laser and electro-goniometers in measuring a range of motion of shoulder movements considering the electro-goniometer as the reference standard. Methods: one hundred healthy males with ages ranging between 20-30 years shared in this study. Three consecutive measures of bilateral shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation range of motion were performed by the same examiner on each subject by each of the laser and electro-goniometer, with standardized measurement procedures, subjects’ positions, and stabilizations. Results: Pearson (r), paired T-test, and intra-class (ICC) correlation coefficients were used to test the validity and intra-rater reliability of the laser goniometer in comparison to the electro-goniometer. And the results of the validity testing showed a very strong relationship between readings by both devices (r=0.84 to 0.93) and also no significant differences between means of readings of both devices with the p-value ranging between 0.13 and 0.97. Also, ICC revealed high intra-rater reliability of laser goniometer on repeated measures of shoulder range of motions (ICC=0.98-0.99). Conclusion: laser goniometer can be used as a new valid, reliable digital objective method of measurement of shoulder range of motion.

Changes In Quadriceps Angle (q-angle) With Regard To Gender And Different Anthropometric Parameters

Introduction: The Q-angle is defined as the acute angle formed by the vectors for combined pull of the quadricepsfemoris muscle and the patellar tendon. It has a great clinical and biomechanics significance. The present studywas planned so as to study Q-angle in healthy young adult individuals and establish its relationship withdifferent anthropometric parameters.Material and methods: The subjects for the study were normal healthy young adult medical students from A.C.S.medical college, Chennai, India.148 subjects (80 girls and 68 boys)were studied. Males and females between theage of 18-20 years were included in the study. Q-angle was measured using standard goniometer. The Q-angle indegree was measured on both sides.These Q-angles were correlated with various anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI, WHR, pelvicwidth, femur length).Results: The mean Q-angle in males on left side was 8.1+1.83and that on right side was 8.6 +2.20The mean Q-angle in females on left side was 8.8+ 2.33 and that on right side was 8.9 + 2.52. There were nosignificant bilateral differences The Q-angle (Left) and Q-angle (Right) are significantly correlated with Weight(Kg), Waist (cm) and Hip (cm). However, these angles are not correlated with Weight for height or Waist for Hipratio, pelvic width and femur length in females.In case of males, height, BMI, Pelvic width measurements werefound to be correlated with Q-Left and Q-Right angle. Femur length was correlated only with Q-Left angle whilethere was no correlation with Q-Right angle.Conclusion: No significant differences in both gender was also noted, No significant bilateral differences wereseen. According to our study Q-angle does not vary with the age. Several anthropometric measures on correlatingwith Q-angle signify that irrespective of gender higher Q-angles are seen with those having high BMI, increasedwaist and hip-circumference.

A Study of Carrying Angle of Elbow Among Young Adults of Jammu & Kashmir

Introduction - carrying angle is the angle between the median axis of arm with the median axis of fullyextended & supinated forearm. This angle is important for swinging of arm during walking & carryingobjects. There is variability in the carrying angle among different age groups, gender and races. Currentstudy was done to evaluate carrying angle in young adults of J&K. The study was conducted in 150 (75male and 75 female) healthy MBBS students of Government medical college Jammu after obtaininginformed consent. Measurements for carrying angle were taken in both the arms of volunteers. Goniometerwas used to measure the carrying angle. Carrying angle was more in females than males (15.2 in femalesand 12.9 in males) however it was not statistically significant. The carrying angle was more on thedominant side in both the gender i.e. in males right side 13.09, left side 11.2 and females right side 16.54,left side 14.9. All subjects were right handed. No significant sexual dimorphism found though carryingangle was more in females and also on dominant side in both the sexes.

Fiabilidad y validez concurrente de la app Goniometer Pro vs goniómetro universal en la determinación de la flexión pasiva de rodilla / Reliability and concurrent validity of the app Goniometer Pro vs Universal Goniometer in the determination of passive knee flexion

Resumen: Antecedentes: Los teléfonos inteligentes se han convertido en una parte fundamental de nuestra sociedad, no sólo cotidiana, sino también profesional, pues han surgido numerosas aplicaciones para el ámbito sanitario. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez concurrente de una app para iPhone en relación con la goniometría tradicional. Material y métodos: Estudio comparativo y descriptivo de validación no experimental a doble ciego. En una muestra de 21 sujetos se realizaron cuatro mediciones de movilidad de rodilla: dos mediante goniometría universal (GU) y dos mediante la aplicación Goniometer-Pro (G-Pro) para iPhone. La radiografía se empleó como medida de referencia del ángulo de flexión de rodilla y fue analizada por un único evaluador que comparó este resultado con el de los otros evaluadores. Resultados: La diferencia entre los valores medios intragrupos fue de 3.148o (± 2.669o) para GU y 2.476o (± 2.638o) para G-Pro. La diferencia de medias intergrupos alcanzó 5.45o. La fiabilidad interobservador fue de 0.990 para GU y 0.993 para G-Pro; en cuanto a la validez, los valores obtenidos fueron 0.976 para GU y 0.992 para G-Pro. Conclusiones: La app G-Pro es una herramienta fiable y con una elevada exactitud para medir el ángulo de flexión de la rodilla. Sus resultados son ligeramente superiores y más precisos a los de la goniometría tradicional.

Abstract: Background: Smartphones have become a fundamental part of our society, not only everyday, but also professional, since many applications have emerged for the health field. The objective of the study was to analyze the reliability and concurrent validity of an app for iPhone in relation to traditional measurement. Material and methods: A non-experimental, double-blind validation and descriptive study. On a sample of 21 subjects, four measurements of knee mobility were performed. Two using universal goniometer (GU) and two through the application Goniometer-Pro (G-Pro) for IPhone. The X-ray was used as a reference measure of the knee flexion angle and was analyzed by a single evaluator who compared this result with that of the other evaluators. Results: The difference between the average intra-group values was 3.148o (± 2.669o) for GU and 2.476o (± 2.638o) for G-Pro. The inter-group mean difference reached 5.45o. The Inter-observer reliability was 0.990 for GU and 0.993 for G-Pro; as for validity, the values obtained were 0.976 for GU and 0.992 for G-Pro. Conclusions: The G-Pro app is a reliable tool with a high accuracy to measure the knee flexion angle. Its results are slightly superior and more accurate to those of traditional instruments.

Comparative Efficacy of Hip Flexor Muscle Strengthening with Femoral Nerve Stretching and Facet Joint Mobilization for Lumbar Spondylitis

Background: Lumbar Spondylitis (LS) is a common term that denotes degenerative changes that develop in trauma-center patients, specific age groups, and head injury patients. A study done on Indian population reported 60% to 90% of radiological changes of L4 at L5-S1 levels in asymptomatic individuals. These degenerative changes in the lumbar spine may remain asymptomatic or can present as pure axial lumbar pain, lumbar radiculopathy, lumbar myelopathy, or lumbar myeloradiculopathy. So, the aim of the study was to check the effectiveness of hip flexor muscle strengthening, femoral nerve muscle stretching with facet joint mobilization for lumbar spondylitis. Materials and methods: 60 patients were included in the study which was divided into two groups; Group A and Group B, 30 patients in each group. Subjects were randomly selected and assigned to each group. Pre-test measurements of the patient were done with the help of two measures - RolandMorris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire for disability and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Goniometer was used for range motion of lumbar spine movements done in each group. The Subjects in Group-A were given hip flexor muscles strengthening with femoral nerve stretching for lumbar region for 45 minutes for 4 days in a week for four weeks where the subject were sitting. The Subjects in Group-B were given femoral nerve stretching with facet joint mobilization for 45 minutes for 4 days in a week for four weeks where the subjects were in supine and prone position and remain Sreenivasu Kotagiri, Neeti Mathur, Ashwin Kumar. Comparative Efficacy of Hip Flexor Muscle Strengthening with Femoral Nerve Stretching and Facet Joint Mobilization for Lumbar Spondylitis. IAIM, 2019; 6(9): 49-57. Page 50 relaxed with the feet uncrossed. Result analysis was done by Wilcoxon Sum Rank Test (Mann Whitney U Test). Results: On comparing Group A and Group B for post-treatment VAS score and RMQ score, results showed a significant difference (p=0.001) in improvement in terms of VAS and RMQ. The overall study proved that hip flexor muscle strengthening, femoral nerve stretching with facet joint mobilization for lumbar spondylitis in improving Pain and decreasing the disability level in lumbar radiculopathy and reduce tightness subjects. Conclusion: The analysis obtained indicated that Group B (femoral nerve stretching with facet joint mobilization) showed more significant improvement when compared to Group A ( hip flexor muscles strengthening with femoral nerve stretching).

Effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercises with laser therapy in patients with mechanical low back pain

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the fifth most common reason for physician visits, which affects nearly 60-80% of people throughout their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain is reported to be as high as 84%. The most common type of low back pain is Mechanical low back pain. There are various risk factors for mechanical low back pain which are usually classified into physical, physiological and psychological factors. Heavy manual work and lifting weights constitute the physical work factors. Twisting, sitting for long hours, driving and whole body vibrations are also few physical causes. Low physical fitness and trunk muscle weakness are the physiological factors. The essential factors, which should always been taken into consideration in case of pain, are the psychosocial issues such as social influence, monotonous work, low job satisfaction, stress, anxiety, fear and depression. If left untreated or delay in the treatment may lead to degenerative changes. So, the aim of the study was to check the effectiveness of Lumbar Stabilization exercises with laser therapy In Patients with mechanical low back pain. Materials and methods: 60 patients were included in the study which was divided into two groups; Group A and Group B, 30 patients in each group. Subjects were randomly selected and assigned to each group. Pre-test measurements of the patient were done with the help of two measures - RolandMorris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire for disability and Goniometer was used for range motion of lumbar spine movements for each group. The Subjects in Group-A were given Laser Sreenivasu Kotagiri, Neeti Mathur, Ashwin Kumar, Anup Kumar Song. Effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercises with laser therapy in patients with mechanical low back pain. IAIM, 2019; 6(9): 117-126. Page 118 therapy for 10 minutes along with Kinesiotaping. The Subjects in Group-B were given Lumbar Stabilization exercises with laser therapy. Result analysis was done by Results: On comparing Group A and Group B for post-treatment RMQ score, results showed a significant difference (p=0.001). The overall study proved that Lumbar stabilization exercises along with laser therapy were more significant for Mechanical low back pain in improving Pain and decreasing the disability level. Conclusion: The analysis obtained indicated that Group B (Lumbar stabilization exercises along with laser therapy) showed more significant improvement when compared to Group A (Laser therapy along with Kinesiotaping).

The Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Mobilization to Improve the Shoulder Range of Motion in Frozen Shoulder

Background: Frozen shoulder is defined as an idiopathic condition of the shoulder characterized by the spontaneous onset of pain in the shoulder with restriction of movement in every direction. Prevalence of frozen shoulder was found to be 3.06% in a regional community based study. Frozen shoulder is a discrete clinical diagnosis for painful restriction of shoulder motion that results from capsular fibrosis. It is usually present in age group between 40-60 years. Muscle Energy (MET) technique is very much beneficial in this condition. Muscle energy techniques are class of soft tissue osteopathic manipulation consisting of isometric contraction design to improve musculoskeletal function and reduce pain. MET combined along with scapular Mobilization gives much better effect. So, the aim of the study is to check the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and mobilization to improve shoulder range of motion frozen shoulder. Materials and methods: 60 patients were included in the study which was divided into two groups; Group A and Group B, 30 patients in each group. Subjects were randomly selected and assigned to each group. Pre-test measurements of the patient were done with the help of two measures VAS, Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and Goniometer was used for assessing range motion of shoulder movements for each group. The Subjects in Group-A were given muscle energy technique. The Subjects in Group-B were given maitland technique. Then the Result analysis was done. Sreenivasu Kotagiri, Neeti Mathur, Vadana, Gayathri Balakavi, Anup Kumar Songa. The Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Mobilization to Improve the Shoulder Range of Motion in Frozen Shoulder. IAIM, 2019; 6(10): 64-73. Page 65 Results: On comparing Group A and Group B for post-treatment VAS and SPADI score, results showed a significant difference (p=0.001). The overall study proved that MET is beneficial in improving Pain and decreasing the disability level. Conclusion: The analysis obtained indicated that Group A (Muscle energy Technique) showed more significant improvement when compared to Group B (Mobilization).

Test-retest Reliability and Validity of 3-dimensional Digital Goniometer for Cervical Range of Motion / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of the 3-dimensional Digital Goniometer for Cervical (3DDGC) in measurement of cervical range of motion. Methods 39 healthy participants were measured of cervical range of motion 2 times in 1 hour with 3DDGC by one observer, and with cervical range of motion (CROM) device once. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of test-retest and the Pearson correlation coefficient between devices were caculated. The measurement errors were evaluated with standard er-ror of mean (SEM). Results The ICC was 0.89 of 3DDGC as the cervical rotation to the left, and it was 0.90-0.98 of the other directions, with the SEM of 2.07-3.85° . The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.73-0.92, with the SEM of 1.66-3.17° . Conclusion 3DDGC is valid and reliable in test-retest in measuring cervical range of motion, which need more research clinically.

An Anthropometric Study on the Carrying Angle of Elbow among Young Adults of Various Ethinicities in Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Prediction of stature from incomplete and decomposing skeletal remains is vital in establishing the identity of an unknown individual. Variety of factors such as race, gender and nutrition play an important role in determining the carrying angle of an individual. There were no study done in Malaysia to find the relationship of the carrying angle with common anthropological parameters and for comparing carrying angle among various ethnic group such as Malay, Chinese and Indians. This study was useful in finding the relationship of the discussed parameters with carrying angle among both genders and comparing between ethnics group in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A total of 201 participants between ages of 18-25 years were included in the study. The carrying angle was measured and compared among the genders and among ethnic groups and data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results and Discussion: The findings indicated significant differences in the carrying angle between the genders and between left and right arm. The variation in carrying angle was significant among the males and females of various ethnicities. Conclusion: The findings in this study will be useful for clinicians, anatomists, archaeologists, anthropologists and forensic scientists when such evidence provides the investigator the only opportunity to gauge that aspect of an individual's physical description which are of value in management of arm fractures, introduction of prosthesis, evolutionary studies and forensic assessments.

Effect of isometric quadricep activation on “Q” angle in young females.

The Q angle represents an estimate of the resultant force of the quadriceps on the patella and is a predictor of the lateral movement of the patella under dynamic conditions. The aim of the present study was to observe whether Isometric Quadriceps Activation (IQA) can decrease the Q angle and to identify people at high risk of patellar subluxation. Q angles were measured in 23 non impaired young women (22.9±2.3 years) in relaxed standing and during IQA. There was a significant decrease (4.65±2.74°) in the Q angle values for subjects with IQA as compared to subjects with measurements in relaxed standing Significance levels were set at P<0.05. The Q angle decreases with IQA which was highly significant (t=8.01, P<0.001). The result supports the view that an excessive Q angle may predispose women to greater lateral displacement of the patella during vigorous activities and sports in which the quadriceps muscle is stressed.

Radiographic Examination at Lateral Decubitus Position for Reducing the Variability of Cup Inclination / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the factors related to a variable inclination angle in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty by taking pelvis AP X-rays in the lateral decubitus position with a 45degrees targeted goniometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 100 adults (50 men and 50 women) who were without a history of hip joint disease. The mean age was 30.1 years for the men and 33.7 years for the women. The circumferences of the shoulder and pelvis, the shoulder to pelvis ratio, and the body mass index were checked. We examined the radiographs with using a goniometer, which was targeted to 45degrees for allowing a rod to be across the center of the acetabulum. The cross angle between the rod and the interteardrop line was checked. RESULTS: On the comparison of the gender groups, the shoulder to pelvis ratio was on average 1.18 in men and it was 1.08 in women. The mean cross angle was 45.3degrees in men and 48.1degrees in women. As the ratio was increased, the cross angle decreased. CONCLUSION: For men, there was little pelvic tilt in the lateral decubitus position. But for women, if inserting the acetabular cup with the acetabular orientation at 45degrees is done without considering the pelvic tilt inclination at the lateral decubitus position, then the inclination angle could be lower than expected.