Case report: Mycetoma caused by Gordonia soli

ABSTRACT Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma), with high morbidity. Gordonia spp. are gram-positive bacteria that have previously been reported to cause mycetoma. Here, we report a case of Gordonia soli (initially misidentified as Nocardia spp.) as the etiological agent of actinomycetoma in a 64-year-old patient. After a literature search in the Cochrane Library, LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PubMed Central databases, we concluded that this is the first case report of mycetoma caused by Gordonia soli. The current case highlights the importance of microbiological diagnosis of mycetoma and the challenges in its management.

Sternal osteomyelitis by Gordonia Bronchialis in an immunocompetent patient after open heart surgery

Gordonia is a catalase-positive, aerobic, nocardioform, Gram-positive staining actinomycete that also shows weak acid-fast staining. Several Gordonia species are commonly found in the soil. The bacterium has been isolated from the saliva of domesticated/wild dogs as well. In hospitalized patients, most commonly it is found in the setting of intravascular catheter-related infections. However, recent reports show that it is being increasingly isolated from sternal wounds, skin/neoplastic specimens and from pleural effusions. Gordonia shares many common characteristics with Rhodococcus and Nocardia. Ergo, it is commonly misrecognized as Nocardia or Rhodococcus. Since this pathogen requires comprehensive morphological and biochemical testing, it is often difficult and cumbersome to isolate the species. Broad-range Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing with genes like 16S rRNA or hsp65 are used to correctly identify the species. Identification is essential for choosing and narrowing the right antimicrobial agent. Herein, we report our experience with a patient who presented with sternal osteomyelitis after infection with this elusive bug.

A new phenolic glycoside from stems of Gordonia chrysandra / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the stems of Gordonia chrysandra. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, MPLC and PHPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and special analysis. Results: Five compounds were isolated from the stems of G. chrysandra and elucidated as 3,4-dimethoxyphenol 1-O-β-D-[6-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxylbenzoate)-glucopyranoside (1), 3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl-6- O-vanilloyl-β-D-glucoside (2), 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid (3), betulinic acid (4), 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl- (1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-3β,16α,22α,28-tetrahydroxy-22-O-tigloyloxy- olean-12-ene-23-al (5). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named chrysandroside A, and compounds 3-5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

A Case of Chronic Gordonia otitidis Lung Infection Initially Regarded as Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease / 대한임상미생물학회지

The genus Gordonia is one of the mycolic acid-containing aerobic actinomycetes. This genus has 38 named species that are widespread in the natural environment; however, Gordonia species rarely cause human infections. A 76-year-old woman presented with cough and sputum for over 1 year and was suspected of having nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease. An NTM isolate from the sputum was initially identified as Mycobacterium lentiflavum or Mycobacterium genavense by genotypic identification targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS). However, the isolate was finally confirmed as Gordonia otitidis by sequencing of 16S rRNA, gyrB and secA1 genes. In patients with suspected NTM lung disease, the etiologic agent might be an organism other than NTM such as G. otitidis but still be identified as NTM without sequencing of 16S rRNA or other genes. Especially in case that a possible NTM isolate is identified as M. lentiflavum or M. genavense by the genotypic method targeting ITS, additional genotypic tests such as sequencing of 16S rRNA and other genes would be necessary for more reliable identification.

Production and characterization of surface-active compounds from Gordonia amicalis

Two methods were used to make crude preparations of surface-active compounds (SACs) produced by Gordonia amicalis grown on the medium containing 1% diesel oil. Using a 2:1 (v/v) solution of chloroform:methanol for extraction, Type I SACs were isolated and shown to produce oil in water (O/W) emulsions. Type II SACs were isolated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and produced predominantly water in oil emulsions (W/O). The crude Type I and II preparations were able to produce a significant reduction in the surface tension of water; however, the crude Type II preparation had 10-25 fold higher emulsification activity than the Type I preparation. Both SAC preparations were analyzed by the TLC and each produced two distinct bands with Rf 0.44 and 0.62 and Rf 0.52 and 0.62, respectively. The partially purified SACs were characterized by the ESI(+)-MS, FT-IR and NMR. In each one of these fractions, a mixture of 10 oligomers was found consisting of a series of compounds, with masses from 502 to 899, differing in molecular mass by a repeating unit of 44 Daltons. The mass spectra of these compounds did not appear to match other known biosurfactants and could represent a novel class of these compounds.

Sternal Osteomyelitis Caused by Gordonia bronchialis after Open-Heart Surgery / 감염과화학요법

We report the case of a deep sternal wound infection with sternal osteomyelitis caused by Gordonia bronchialis after open-heart surgery. The isolate was identified as a G. bronchialis by 16S rRNA and hsp65 gene sequencing, having initially been misidentified as a Rhodococcus by a commercial phenotypic identification system.