Estrategias de traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español en el marco de la formación doctoral

Introducción: Perfeccionar las habilidades de comunicación y comprensión del inglés en los momentos actuales es una necesidad indispensable para aquellos que realizan estudios de maestría y doctorado, pues les permite divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones con mayor precisión, así como asimilar claramente la literatura especializada que consulten. Objetivo: Analizar algunas de las principales estrategias de traducción empleadas por los participantes en el curso de comprensión y comunicación de los resultados de investigación. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa en el periodo 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, para lo cual se seleccionó una muestra de 42 profesionales, matriculados en los programas de formación doctoral en ciencias biomédicas, estomatológicas y psicológicas. A tal efecto, se empleó la observación como método para describir el proceso de entrenamiento en traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español. Resultados: La estrategia más empleada por los doctorandos fue la traducción literal, que se halló en los 107 fragmentos analizados y en 86,9 % de estos fue la única aplicada; a esta le siguió la transposición (70,0 %). Los calcos léxicos constituyeron la estrategia menos usada, pues solo figuraron en 11,2 % de los textos médicos traducidos del inglés al español. Conclusiones: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la traducción literal y la transposición, lo cual se debe a que las estructuras léxicas y sintácticas sirven de base para establecer analogías entre los idiomas español e inglés y, por tanto, facilitan la reexpresión que conlleva el proceso de traducción.

Introduction: Improving communication and understanding skills in English at present is an indispensable necessity for those who conduct masters and doctorate studies, since they allow them to disclose the results of research with more precision, as well as to clearly assimilate the specialized literature. Objective: To analyze some of the main translation strategies used by the participants in the course about understanding and communication research results. Methods: An educational study was carried out in the period 2021-2022 at the University of Medical Sciences in Cienfuegos, with a sample of 42 professionals enrolled in doctoral training programs of biomedical, stomatological and psychological sciences. For this purpose, observation was used as a method to describe the training process in translation of medical texts from English to Spanish. Results: The most used strategy by doctorate students was literal translation, which was found in the 107 fragments analyzed, and it was the only one applied in 86.9% of the cases; followed by transposition (70.0%). Lexical calque was the least used strategy, as it only appeared in 11.2% of the medical texts translated from English to Spanish. Conclusions: The most used strategies were literal translation and transposition, which is due to the fact that lexical and syntactic structures serve as a basis for establishing analogies between Spanish and English languages and, therefore, facilitate the re-expression involved in translation process.

Survey on Prefectural Career Development Programs for Regional Quota Physicians (2020 fiscal year) in Japan / 医学教育

[Introduction] In accordance with the 2018 revision of the Medical Care Act, prefectures have established career development programs for regional quota physicians aimed at both securing physicians committed to regional medical care and fostering their career development. We have surveyed and reviewed these programs across each prefecture.[Methods] The authors gathered information on the programs, which includes the acquisition of medical specialties, as well as the timing and duration of regional assignments, from the websites of each prefecture. The analysis of start timing and duration was limited to internal medicine.[Results] All prefectures have formulated programs. In more than 30% of the prefectures, regional quota physicians can choose any specialty from all available specialties. The regional assignment typically begins three years post-graduation, with a duration of four years in most cases.[Discussion] This nationwide trend provides a resource to evaluate the state of post-graduate education for regional quota physicians and to consider the future enhancement of these programs.

Perfil e percurso profissional de egressos dos cursos de mestrado e doutorado da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (2013-2020) / Profile and career path of graduates from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation master's and doctoral courses (2013-2020) / Perfil y trayectoria profesional de egresados de los cursos de maestría y doctorado de la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz (2013-2020)

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo é analisar o perfil de egressos e identificar fatores associados ao desempenho positivo relativo à trajetória de formação e de inserção profissional entre aqueles que concluíram cursos presenciais de mestrado e doutorado acadêmico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Brasil). Participaram do estudo 2.462 egressos (1.402 de mestrado e 1.060 de doutorado) que responderam um questionário digital, contendo questões sobre perfil do egresso e inserção profissional antes do ingresso no curso e após a conclusão. Foi criada uma medida sobre "desempenho positivo pós-curso". Os resultados revelam que egressos de mestrado com impacto positivo do curso tendem a ser homens; ter especialização antes de ingressar no curso; ter emprego remunerado após o término do curso nas áreas de pesquisa, educação, assistência e gestão; e ser servidor público. No doutorado o seguinte perfil é evidenciado: egressos com emprego remunerado após o término do curso nas áreas de pesquisa ou educação; contratados por Regime Jurídico Único ou contrato temporário de pessoa jurídica; e com publicação científica ou patente. A avaliação/acompanhamento de egressos deve se instaurar como uma importante política pública educacional, incorporada no processo de autoavaliação institucional, o que possibilita rever rumos e prioridades na agenda educacional e pedagógica da instituição.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the profile of graduates and identify factors associated with positive performance regarding training and professional insertion among those who have completed face-to-face master's and doctoral courses at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Brazil). A total of 2,462 graduates participated in the study (1,402 master's and 1,060 doctoral graduates), who answered a digital questionnaire containing questions about individual characteristics and professional insertion before entering the course and after completion. A measure on "positive post-course performance" was created. The results show that Master's graduates with a positive impact from the course tend to be men; to have a specialization degree before entering the course; to have paid employment after finishing the course in the areas of research, education, assistance, and management; and to be civil servants. In the Doctorate, the following profile is evident: graduates with paid employment after finishing the course in the areas of research or education; hired under a single legal regime or temporary contract as a legal entity; and with a scientific publication or patent. Evaluating/monitoring graduates must be established as an important public educational policy, incorporated into the institutional self-evaluation process, which makes it possible to review directions and priorities in the institution's educational and pedagogical agenda.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio es analizar el perfil de egresados e identificar factores asociados al desempeño positivo relacionado a la trayectoria de formación e inserción profesional entre aquellos que concluyeron cursos presenciales de maestría y doctorado académico de la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz (Brasil). Participaron del estudio 2.462 egresados (1.402 de maestría y 1.060 de doctorado) que contestaron el cuestionario de manera digital, con preguntas sobre el perfil del egresado y la inserción profesional antes del ingreso al curso y tras su conclusión. Se creó una medida sobre "desempeño positivo tras el curso". Los resultados muestran que los egresados de la maestría con un impacto positivo del curso tienden a ser hombres; tener especialización antes de ingresar al curso; tener trabajo remunerado tras concluir el curso en las áreas de investigación, educación, asistencia y gestión; y ser funcionario público. Se evidencia el siguiente perfil en el doctorado: egresados con trabajo remunerado tras el término del curso en las áreas de investigación o educación; contratados bajo un régimen jurídico único o un contrato temporal de persona jurídica; y con publicación científica o patente. La evaluación/seguimiento de egresados se debe establecer como una importante política pública educativa, incorporada en el proceso de autoevaluación institucional, lo que permite revisar direcciones y prioridades en la agenda educativa y pedagógica de la institución.

Prevalencia y correlatos de ideación suicida pasiva y activa en ingresantes de posgrado / Prevalence and correlates of passive and active suicidal ideation among students entering graduate courses / Prevalência e correlatos de ideação suicida passiva e ativa em ingressantes da pós-graduação

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la ideación suicida pasiva y activa a lo largo de la vida en estudiantes ingresantes de posgrado. Método: estudio analítico y de diseño transversal, con una muestra compuesta por 321 estudiantes ingresantes de posgrado. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial múltiple. Resultados: los análisis multivariados indican que la ideación suicida pasiva y activa tuvieron una prevalencia mayor y similar en los estudiantes de orientación sexual minoritaria, del sexo femenino, que realizaban actividad física diaria ≤ 30 minutos/día y sufrieron victimización por violencia psicológica en los últimos 12 meses. Los factores abuso de alcohol, las exigencias del posgrado stricto sensu no afectaron las relaciones familiares y baja autoestima se asociaron solo con la ideación suicida pasiva. A su vez, el consumo de marihuana en los últimos 30 días, no tener una buena relación interpersonal con sus pares académicos, ejercer la actividad profesional junto con las exigencias del posgrado se asociaron únicamente con ideación suicida activa. Conclusión: se identificó una alta prevalencia de ideación suicida pasiva y activa a lo largo de la vida en los estudiantes ingresantes de posgrado y se comprobó que hubo similitudes y diferencias entre algunos de los factores asociados a ambos resultados.

Objective: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses. Method: an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation. Conclusion: high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à ideação suicida passiva e ativa ao longo da vida em estudantes ingressantes na pós-graduação. Método: estudo analítico e de delineamento transversal, amostra composta por 321 estudantes ingressantes da pós-graduação. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial múltipla. Resultados: análises multivariadas apontaram que ideação suicida passiva e ativa foram similarmente mais prevalentes entre estudantes de orientações sexuais minoritárias, do sexo feminino, que realizavam atividade física diária ≤ 30 minutos/dia e sofreram vitimização por violência psicológica nos últimos 12 meses. O abuso de álcool, o não prejuízo no relacionamento familiar por demandas da pós-graduação stricto sensu e a baixa autoestima foram associadas unicamente com ideação suicida passiva. Por sua vez, o consumo de maconha ocorrido nos últimos 30 dias, a falta de um relacionamento interpessoal satisfatório com seus pares acadêmicos e a prática da atividade profissional em concomitância com as demandas da pósgraduação foram associadas apenas com ideação suicida ativa. Conclusão: identificou-se alta prevalência de ideação suicida passiva e ativa ao longo da vida entre estudantes ingressantes na pós-graduação e verificou-se a ocorrência de similitudes e diferenças entre alguns fatores associados para ambos os desfechos.

Perfil e impacto dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG / Profile and impact of CNPq research productivity fellows at the Faculty of Medicine of UFMG

INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de iniciação científica e pós-graduação são um instrumento essencial na formação de recursos humanos e na perpetuação da produção científica nacional. O papel dos professores pesquisadores no adequado desenvolvimento científico dos estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação tem sido continuamente reafirmado em diversas pesquisas sobre a qualidade do ensino superior brasileiro, apesar da contínua desvalorização das universidades públicas no país. Avaliar a carreira e o perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa pode fornecer elementos em relação ao impacto desses profissionais no ensino, na pesquisa e na internacionalização das universidades. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil profissional e a produção científica dos bolsistas do Programa de Produtividade em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo baseado na análise de dados públicos disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes. Os bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa foram apurados com base nos resultados dos editais de 2013, 2016 e 2019. RESULTADOS: A análise das variáveis evidenciou diminuição do número de docentes bolsistas da instituição, que passou de 34 para 29. Observamos um número significativamente maior de projetos financiados por profissionais do sexo masculino quando comparados às pesquisadoras (p=0,03) e uma forte correlação entre os anos de doutorado e o número de doutores orientados que atualmente se dedicam à pesquisa. CONCLUSÃO: Professores pesquisadores exercem impacto direto na formação de recursos humanos qualificados e na formação de recursos humanos qualificados e na internacionalização das universidades públicas.

INTRODUCTION: Mentoring through scientific initiation and post-graduate programs are an essential instrument on the formation of human resources and the perpetuation of national scientific production. The role of research professors in the proper scientific development of graduate and post-graduate medical students has been continuously reaffirmed in several surveys on the quality of Brazilian superior education, despite the continuous desvalorization of higher education in the country. Determine the career and profile of research productivity fellows could measure the impact of these professionals in teaching, researching and internationalization of our university. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the professional profile and scientific production of the Productivity in Research Program fellows from the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. METHODS: This descriptive study is based on the analysis of public data available at Lattes Platform. Research productivity fellows were determined based on the results of the 2013, 2016 and 2019 calls for tenders. RESULTS: Analysis of the variables showed a decrease in the number of professors with scholarships at the institution, which went from 34 to 29. We observed a significantly higher number of funded projects of male professionals when compared to female researchers (p=0.03) and a strong correlation between years of doctorate degree and the number of mentored doctors currently dedicating to research. CONCLUSION: Experient research professors exert direct impact on the formation of qualified human resources and the internationalization of the federal university.

Superación profesional de los docentes de enfermería para el desarrollo de su cultura pedagógica / Professional growth for the development of a pedagogical culture in the teaching nursing staff i: en

Los cambios en la educación médica demandan profesionales eficientes en su magisterio. En tal sentido, la docencia en la carrera de Enfermería debe ser ejercida con una amplia cultura pedagógica, lo cual se logra a partir de la superación académica que prepara al individuo para ser flexible al lidiar con las constantes variaciones sociales, institucionales y curriculares. Los referentes epistemológicos sobre este tema revelan una limitada sistematización de dicha superación en el docente de enfermería respecto a su formación profesoral. El presente artículo esboza brevemente las etapas del desarrollo de dicha superación, así como las insuficiencias que se presentaron en cada una de ellas. Por último, se describen algunos elementos de la superación profesional y de la cultura pedagógica, los que argumentan la trascendencia de ambas en el proceso formativo de los docentes de Enfermería.

Changes in medical education demand efficient professionals in their teaching. In this sense, education in the nursing career must be exercised with a broad pedagogical culture, which is achieved through academic growth that prepares the individual to be flexible in dealing with constant social, institutional and curricular variations. The epistemological referents on this subject reveal a limited systematization of such improvement in nursing teachers with respect to the development of their teacher training. This article briefly outlines the stages of the development of the growth, as well as the inadequacies that were presented in each one of them. Finally, some elements of professional development and pedagogical culture are described, which argue the transcendence of both in the formative process of nursing teachers.

Exploration of pathological technology training for professional postgraduates of pathology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Combined with teaching practice, this study summarizes the teaching contents, methods and effect evaluation of pathological technology for professional postgraduates majoring in pathology. According to the basic conditions of postgraduates, the pathological technology training program has been formulated, student-centered heuristic teaching is carried out by using diversified teaching methods such as flipped classroom, interactive theoretical teaching is carried out by using the intelligent teaching platform, and practical teaching is carried out by using the problem-based learning mode, aiming to improve the theoretical literacy and practical level of pathological technology of professional postgraduates majoring in pathology, improve their clinical research thinking, and lay a foundation for clinical pathological diagnosis and scientific research in the future.

Experience and enlightenment of postgraduate students in public health among foreign top universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to learn from the advanced experience of postgraduate education in foreign first-class universities, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine were selected as the objects in this study to analyze and compare the advantages and characteristics of their postgraduate training model, curriculum setting and teaching resources, thereby providing suggestions for the reform and development in the cultivation of master of public health and preventive medicine in China.

Application of subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning for professional postgraduate training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning in overcoming the impact of the specialized disease treatment mode in subspecialty establishment on the cultivation of professional postgraduate students.Methods:In the teaching of general surgery and gastroenterology, sixty professional postgraduate students of grade 2019 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 30 students in each group. The control group received traditional teaching, while the experimental group received the teaching mode of subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning. The teaching effectiveness and the degree of satisfaction with teaching were compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using the t test and the chi-squared test using SPSS 20.0. Results:In actual teaching, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores of theoretical assessment (71.51±11.32 vs. 87.23±10.51, P<0.05) and case analysis (73.61±6.82 vs. 92.37±6.87, P<0.05). The rates of satisfaction with theoretical knowledge learning, application of clinical thinking ability for diseases, teaching organization forms, and teaching effectiveness were 90.00%(27/30), 86.67%(26/30), 96.67%(29/30), and 93.33%(28/30) in the experimental group, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [40.00%(12/30), 23.33%(7/30), 40.00%(12/30), and 46.67%(14/30), respectively; all P<0.05]. Conclusions:The subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning mode can overcome the problems of "narrow disease spectrum and narrow knowledge scope" in specialized postgraduate education, and guide students to break the teaching barriers generated by subspecialty construction to create a new form of comprehensive and multi-disease learning, with good prospects for promotion and application.

4. Pilot Education Programs Regarding SOGI for Social Worker Students and Occupational Therapy Students / 医学教育

The number of medical and social work professional training schools that provide SOGI education is quite few. This paper introduces pilot SOGI education programs for social workers and occupational therapists. In order to improve understanding of the situations in which Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) are placed, SOGI education programs have consisted of knowledge of SGM, health disparities among SGM, majority privilege theory, social justice theory, etc. Educational practices increased and improved the amount of knowledge about SGM, awareness of SGM existence, and the need for more knowledge. The Importance of pre-graduate education of SOGI for the medical and social work students was discussed.

Global health postgraduate educational programs profile: a scoping review / Perfil dos programas educacionais de pós-graduação em saúde global: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract This study aimed to describe a set of global health postgraduate programs profile, emphasizing the importance of promoting education and training in this field to meet global health challenges and ameliorate health outcomes. The present review is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and the Scoping Review Methods Manual proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eligibility criteria were a set of lato sensu or stricto sensu postgraduate educational programs of global health or lato sensu or stricto sensu postgraduate programs of public health that present a global health concentration area. The search yielded 707 studies: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS. A total of 441 studies and their authors' institutional affiliations were analyzed and 101 institutions that offer educational programs were identified. Most postgraduate programs in Global Health or Public health with a concentration area in Global health are master's degrees, and many of them are taught online. The majority of educational programs are offered by institutions in Europe and North America.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil de um conjunto de programas de pós-graduação em saúde global, enfatizando a importância de promover educação e treinamento neste campo para enfrentar os desafios de saúde internacional e melhorar os desfechos de saúde. A presente revisão está de acordo com a lista de verificação Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) e com o manual para revisões de escopo proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Os critérios de elegibilidade abarcaram um conjunto de programas de pós-graduação lato sensu ou stricto sensu em saúde global ou programas de pós-graduação lato sensu ou stricto sensu em saúde pública que apresentaram uma área de concentração em saúde global. A busca resultou em 707 estudos: Medline/PubMed, Web of Science e LILACS. Foram analisados 441 estudos e as filiações institucionais de seus autores, e foram identificadas 101 instituições que oferecem esses programas educacionais. A maioria dos programas de pós-graduação em saúde global ou saúde pública com área de concentração em saúde global são mestrados, e muitos deles são ministrados online. A maioria destes programas educacionais é oferecida por instituições na Europa e na América do Norte.

Sistema de acciones educativas para la evaluación integral del residente de Oftalmología / System of educational actions for the comprehensive evaluation of the Ophthalmology resident

Fundamento: el sistema de evaluación es un componente importante del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje del Programa de Formación de las Especialidades Médicas. Objetivo: elaborar un sistema de acciones educativas para contribuir a la evaluación integral del residente de Oftalmología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa en el Centro Oftalmológico de Villa Clara, en el período septiembre 2019-octubre 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico y enfoque sistémico; empíricos: análisis documental, cuestionario y entrevista; matemáticos: frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: la totalidad de los docentes consideró importante fomentar la formación de valores, principios éticos y morales en los residentes. El 95 % no supieron argumentar las relaciones que se establecen entre el acápite I de aspectos generales de la tarjeta de evaluación y los demás componentes del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje; la mayoría confunden los métodos y medios con las formas de organización de la enseñanza; solo dos residentes tienen dominio de los aspectos que contempla el plan de estudio de la especialidad y todos tienen escasa percepción de la importancia del acápite I de la tarjeta de evaluación, por lo que se elaboró un sistema de acciones educativas teniendo en cuenta los objetivos, contenidos y métodos educativos para solucionar las carencias encontradas. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico realizado logró la identificación de insuficiencias y potencialidades en la evaluación integral del residente y su concreción en el acápite I de la tarjeta de evaluación; las acciones fueron valoradas satisfactoriamente por los especialistas consultados, quienes sugirieron aspectos que fueron adicionados al producto final.

Background: the evaluation system is an important component of the teaching-learning process of the Training Program for Medical Specialties. Objective: to develop a system of educational actions to contribute to the comprehensive evaluation of the Ophthalmology resident. Methods: a qualitative research was carried out at the Villa Clara Ophthalmological Center, from September 2019 to October 2021. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive, historical-logical and systemic approach; empirical ones: documentary analysis, questionnaire and interview; mathematics: absolute and relative values. Results: all the teachers considered it important to promote the formation of values, ethical and moral principles in the residents. 95% did not know how to argue the relationships established between section I of general aspects of the evaluation card and the other components of the teaching-learning process; most confuse the methods and teaching aids with the forms of organization of teaching; only two residents have mastery of the aspects contemplated in the study plan of the specialty and all have little perception of the importance of section I of the evaluation card, for which a system of educational actions was developed taking into account the objectives, content and educational methods to solve the deficiencies found. Conclusions: the diagnosis made achieved the identification of insufficiencies and potentialities in the comprehensive evaluation of the resident and its concretion in section I of the evaluation card; the actions were satisfactorily valued by the specialists consulted, who suggested aspects that were added to the final product.

Perfil dos egressos de um mestrado profissional na área da saúde em rede nacional / Profile of graduate students of a nationwide professional master's degree course in the health field

Resumo: Introdução: O texto apresenta pesquisa com alunos egressos do Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família (PROFSAÚDE) que é uma proposta de formação em rede nacional composta por 25 instituições das cinco regiões do Brasil, realizada na modalidade de ensino a distância (EAD), voltada para o fortalecimento de conhecimentos relacionados à atenção primária à saúde, à gestão em saúde e à educação. Objetivo: Este estudo caracteriza o perfil sociodemográfico e de atuação profissional dos egressos da primeira turma de mestrado profissional em Saúde da Família em rede nacional e identifica as contribuições do curso para a atuação profissional e o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa que utilizou um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas como instrumento de pesquisa. Resultado: Os resultados apresentam o perfil dos egressos, as motivações para realização do curso, os impactos no cotidiano de trabalho e na carreira profissional, bem como a repercussão do produto final do curso nos processos formativos de profissionais da saúde e na assistência. Conclusão: A experiência de formação de profissionais da saúde na modalidade EAD tem potencial pela capacidade de atingir equitativamente diferentes regiões do país, propiciando ao profissional-aluno ferramentas para examinar seu cotidiano e propor soluções aos desafios da atenção primária à saúde, como mencionado pelos egressos em relação à contribuição do produto final do mestrado.

Abstract: Introduction: This paper reports research about graduates of the Professional Master's Degree in Family Health (PROFSAÚDE), a nationwide qualification provided by a network composed of 25 institutions from the five regions of Brazil. The course is administered through distance learning,and is aimed at strengthening knowledge related to Primary Health Care, health management and education. Purpose: To characterize the socio-demographic profile and professional performance of the graduates of the first class of the professional master's degree in Family Health and identify how the course has contributed to professional performance and to strengthening the Unified Health System (SUS). Method: This research is based on a quantitative approach that used a questionnaire with open and closed questions as a research instrument. Results: The results present the profile of the graduates, their motivations for taking the course, the impacts on their daily work and professional career, as well as the repercussion of the final product of the course in the training processes of health care professionals. Conclusion: The potential of training health professionals through distance learning is showcased by the ability to reach different regions of the country equitably, providing the professional/student with tools to examine their daily lives and propose solutions to the challenges of Primary Health Care, as mentioned by graduates in relation to the contribution of the final product of the Master's degree.

El profesor de cirugía, más que un cirujano / The Professor of Surgery, more than a surgeon

Introducción. La educación médica en cirugía se encuentra en transformación, producto de la incorporación de estrategias pedagógicas en sus procesos docente-asistenciales. Sin embargo, existe una limitación de los docentes para responder a las necesidades educativas actuales propias de un programa de especialización en cirugía. Estudios sobre el tema han identificado puntos de intervención en las competencias docentes, con una nueva concepción de un profesor de cirugía. Métodos. Se analizó, con una posición crítica y desde la perspectiva del residente, los atributos esperados en un profesor de cirugía de alta calidad. Discusión. Se caracterizaron los roles de un profesor de cirugía, acorde con la actividad clínica y quirúrgica habitual, sus cualidades e impacto esperado como generador de un cambio en las competencias, técnicas y no técnicas, de un profesional médico en especialización. Asimismo, se efectuó una aproximación teórica al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la cirugía, así como de la construcción de su identidad docente, y los alcances pedagógicos de un profesor de cirugía en la actualidad. Conclusiones. El perfil del cirujano general ha cambiado y los profesores de cirugía deben estar a la altura de este reto. Los nuevos modelos educativos favorecen un impacto positivo en los postgrados y en la percepción del residente sobre su proceso formativo. Sin embargo, es necesario una reconfiguración del docente, dentro de un contexto propio del ejercicio de la cirugía y su responsabilidad social. Los programas académicos están obligados a propiciar el desarrollo profesoral en pro de elevar el nivel del futuro cirujano.

Introduction. Medical education in surgery is undergoing transformation as a result of the incorporation of pedagogical strategies in its teaching-assistance processes. However, there is a limitation of the professors to respond to the current educational needs of a specialization program in surgery. Studies on the subject have identified points of intervention in teaching skills, with a new conception of a professor of surgery.Methods. The expected attributes in a high-quality professor of surgery were analyzed from a critical point of view and from the resident's perspective. Discussion. The roles of a professor of surgery were characterized, in accordance with the usual clinical and surgical activity, their qualities, and expected impact as a generator of a change in technical and non-technical skills of a medical professional in specialization. Likewise, a theoretical approach to the teaching-learning process of surgery was carried out, as well as the construction of its teaching identity, and the pedagogical scope of a professor of surgery today. Conclusions. The profile of the general surgeon has changed and professors of surgery must rise to this challenge. The new educational models favor a positive impact on postgraduate courses and on the resident's perception of their training process. However, a reconfiguration of the teacher is necessary, within a context of the exercise of surgery and its social responsibility. The academic programs are required to promote teacher development in order to raise the level of the future surgeon.

Metodologias ativas na prática médica: relato de experiências em Tópicos Especiais em Saúde da Família / Active methodologies in medical practice: a report of some experiences on Special Topics in Family Health

Este artigo relata a experiência na disciplina "Tópicos Especiais em Saúde da Família: ênfase em metodologias ativas", do Mestrado Profissional da Saúde da Família em uma Universidade do estado da Bahia, no ano de 2020. Trabalhou-se de forma modular em plataformas digitais, utilizando três fóruns de discussão com perguntas sobre o uso e o conhecimento de metodologias ativas. O produto final consistiu na apresentação de uma metodologia ativa, exemplificando uma ação realizada por mestrandos e mestrandas médicos na Unidade de Estratégia da Saúde da Família e/ou Universidade, relacionando-a às experiências dos sujeitos. O fórum de discussão para exposições dialogadas mostrou-se um importante instrumento de aprendizagem e de avaliação. A maioria citou exemplos de metodologias baseadas na problematização de suas práticas. As ações sinalizadas englobam as formas de aprender e de ensinar de maneira inovadora, o protagonismo dos aprendizes, o melhor aproveitamento do tempo para aprender, o foco na gestão do tempo, bem como a provisão de experiências de aprendizagem realmente significativas, centradas na simulação da realidade e também direcionadas à análise dos dados produzidos na interação do aprendiz com pessoas, conteúdos e ferramentas.

This article reports some experiences in the discipline "Special Topics in Family Health: emphasis on active methodologies", part of the Professional Master's Degree in Family Health at a university in the state of Bahia, in 2020. The work has been done on digital platforms, using three discussion forums with questions on the use and knowledge of active methodologies. The final product consisted of a presentation of an active methodology. It consisted of an action performed by the physicians and postgraduate students in the Family Health Strategy Unit and/or University, relating it to the experiences as examples of the subjects. The discussion forum for dialogue exhibitions proved to be an important tool for learning and evaluation. The most cited examples of methodologies were based on the problematization of their practices. The mentioned actions included ways to learn and teach in an innovative way, the protagonism of learners, the best use of time to learn, focus on time management, the provision of really meaningful learning experiences centered on the simulation of reality, and also targeting the analysis of data produced in the learner's interaction with people, content, and tools.

Análise bibliométrica das teses e dissertações em Psicologia defendidas no Brasil de 2001 a 2019 / Bibliometric analysis of theses and dissertations in Psychology presented in Brazil from 2001 to 2019

O estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar os dados bibliométrico das teses e dissertações defendidas entre 2001 a 2019 nos programas de pós-graduação em Psicologia brasileiros. Através de uma pesquisa bibliométrica permitiu constatar o número de estudos por Instituição de Ensino Superior, número de páginas, quantidade de estudos por ano e as temáticas mais pesquisadas pelos autores. A contribuição mais importante é sobre as palavras-chave mais utilizadas, sendo as cinco mais frequentes: Psicanálise, Psicologia, Família, Psicologia social e Saúde Mental. O artigo permite uma visão bem ampla do desenvolvimento da pós-graduação em Psicologia no período analisado.

The study aims to provide bibliometric data of the theses and dissertations presented between 2001 and 2019 in the Brazilian graduate programs in Psychology. Through a bibliometric analysis, it was possible to verify the number of studies by Higher Education Institutions, number of pages, number of studies per year and the themes most searched by the authors. The most important contribution is about the most used keywords, and the five most frequent are: Psychoanalysis, Psychology, Family, Social Psychology and Mental Health. The article allows a very broad view of the development of graduate studies in Psychology in the analyzed period.

Management analysis of neurosurgery residency training bases in different types of hospitals of Guangdong Province / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To comprehensively understand the operational status and existing problems of the neurosurgery professional training bases for standardized residency training in Guangdong Province.Methods:According to the scoring rules of "Standardized Residency Training Evaluation Indicators—Surgery (Neurosurgery) Professional Base" formulated by the Post-Graduation Medical Education Neurosurgery Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, 28 training bases were supervised and evaluated. The scoring results of the supervision of 28 neurosurgery training bases were collected, and the training bases were divided into two categories according to the traditional teaching history, 6 affiliated hospitals of traditional medical schools and 22 non-traditional affiliated/teaching hospitals. GraphPad 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the 14 core indicators, and t-test, variance analysis and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results:The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the compliance rate of 14 core indicators between traditional teaching hospitals and non-traditional teaching hospitals ( P = 0.003), skill operation and type and number of surgeries ( P = 0.041) and student rotation plan ( P = 0.012). The differences were also statistically significant. Conclusion:This study reveals that the comprehensive management ability of training bases in traditional teaching hospitals is significantly better than that in non-traditional teaching hospitals. Additionally, it's suggested to strengthen the construction of professional bases, enhance the institutionalized management of bases, and thus realize the homogenization training of neurosurgery residents.

Legislation and quality of nursing education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic / Legislación y calidad de la educación en enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 / Legislação e qualidade da educação em enfermagem no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on the governmental normative acts issued for higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic and on the repercussions of these acts on the quality of nursing education in Brazil. Methods: this is a reflection on the repercussions for the quality of nursing education, based on the normative acts applied to higher education, enacted from March to December 2020, available on the Ministry of Education website and in the current literature on the subject anchored in the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Undergraduate Nursing Course. Results: educational legislation, in the context of the pandemic, distanced education from the world of work, as well as from the quality of training established in the guidelines. Final Considerations: remote teaching in nursing makes it difficult to train professionals with the capacity to effectively teach and learn in the real world of care and health promotion in the Unified Health System.

RESUMEN Objetivos: reflexionar sobre actos normativos gubernamentales editados para la educación superior durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y las repercusiones de estos en la calidad de la educación en enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: reflexión sobre las repercusiones para la calidad de la enseñanza de enfermería, basada en actos normativos aplicados a educación superior, promulgados entre marzo a diciembre de 2020, disponibles en sitio del Ministerio de la Educación y en la literatura vigente sobre la temática, ancorada en Directrices Curriculares Nacionales de la Graduación en Enfermería. Resultados: la legislación educacional, durante la pandemia, alejó la enseñanza del mundo del trabajo, así como de la calidad de la formación establecida en las directrices. Consideraciones Finales: la enseñanza remota en enfermería dificulta la formación de profesionales con capacidad para efectividad del proceso de enseñar y aprender en el mundo real del cuidado y promoción de salud en el Sistema Único de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: refletir sobre os atos normativos governamentais editados para a educação superior durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e sobre as repercussões desses atos na qualidade da educação em enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de uma reflexão acerca das repercussões para a qualidade do ensino de enfermagem, baseada nos atos normativos aplicados ao ensino superior, promulgados no período de março a dezembro de 2020, disponíveis no site do Ministério da Educação e na literatura vigente sobre a temática, ancorada nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Resultados: a legislação educacional, no contexto da pandemia, distanciou o ensino do mundo do trabalho, assim como da qualidade da formação estabelecida nas diretrizes. Considerações Finais: o ensino remoto na enfermagem dificulta a formação de profissionais com capacidade para a efetividade do processo de ensinar e aprender no mundo real do cuidado e da promoção da saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde.

O ensino da saúde coletiva no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa / Teaching public health in Brazil: an integrative review

RESUMO O ensino da saúde coletiva no Brasil contribui para o desenvolvimento técnico-científico do campo, transcendendo a mera abordagem de programas de saúde de forma fragmentada. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo compreender a operacionalização do ensino em saúde coletiva, na graduação e pós-graduação stricto sensu, no Brasil. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura a partir da busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (Bireme). Foram analisados 21 artigos por título, autor, ano, caracterização e/ou objetivo, metodologia e principais resultados. Conclui-se que a institucionalização de cursos de pós-graduação no campo da saúde coletiva seguiu o movimento educacional da universidade e a Reforma Sanitária Brasileira, ao passo que cursos de graduação só ocorreram na última década. O marco constitucional de 1988 define o ordenamento de recursos humanos para a formação profissional no e para o sistema de saúde no País.

ABSTRACT The teaching of public health in Brazil contributes to the technical-scientific development of the field, transcending the mere approach of health programs in a fragmented way. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the operationalization of teaching in public health, in the stricto sensu undergraduate and graduate programs, in Brazil. This is an integrative literature review based on a search in PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, and the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME). Twenty-one articles were analyzed by title, author, year, characterization and/or objective, methodology, and main results. It is concluded that the institutionalization of graduate courses in the field of public health followed the educational movement of the university and the Brazilian Health Reform, while undergraduate courses only took place in the last decade. The 1988 constitutional framework defines the ordering of human resources for professional training in and for the country's health system.

Análise do mestrado profissional enquanto modalidade stricto sensu de formação de profissionais do SUS: um estudo de caso do PROFSAÚDE / Analysis of the professional master's degree as a stricto sensu modality of training SUS professionals: a case study of PROFSAÚDE

A formação profissional na saúde foi marcada por inúmeras iniciativas indutoras voltadas ao processo de reorientar a formação e qualificar os profissionais de saúde com vistas a atender aos princípios do SUS e promover soluções para os problemas de saúde da população. O mestrado profissional (MP), nesse cenário, tornou-se campo de especialização do trabalhador e de produção de conhecimento fundamental para os serviços e sistemas de saúde, tendo destaque o Mestrado Profissional em Rede Nacional em Saúde da Família (PROFSAÚDE), um dos programas criados na última década para qualificação profissional para o SUS. Estudar sobre a modalidade e trazer evidências que configurem de forma singular o MP nas propostas formativas contribui para que os programas cumpram a finalidade a qual o modelo foi chamado a exercer: a qualificação profissional. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: analisar as normas e diretrizes que regulamentam o mestrado profissional, identificando os requisitos que conferem identidade a essa modalidade; contextualizar os antecedentes históricos da criação do PROFSAÚDE e apresentar suas características de organização e gestão acadêmica; analisar o PROFSAÚDE na perspectiva dos requisitos identitários do mestrado profissional. Foi um estudo de caráter descritivo-exploratório com abordagem quali-quantitativa, desenvolvido em duas fases: a primeira com foco no MP, enquanto modalidade stricto sensu, e a segunda fase com foco específico no PROFSAÚDE. Identificaram-se, neste estudo, características singulares nessa modalidade de curso, em que requisitos como estrutura curricular coerente com a finalidade do curso, estratégias metodológicas pertinentes e aplicadas ao campo profissional, corpo docente com perfil para a área profissional e produtos finais orientados para solução de problemas foram essenciais para as propostas de MP. Nos achados, fica evidente que articular ensino e aplicação no campo de atuação profissional é mote para os mestrados profissionais. O estudo trouxe também evidências que tornam o PROFSAÚDE uma proposta que sustenta a identidade do MP, avançando no aperfeiçoamento do programa nas questões que envolvem o trabalho de conclusão do mestrado e o perfil do corpo docente. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para um olhar singular em relação à modalidade e ao programa e poderão subsidiar outras análises para os cursos de mestrado profissional.

Professional training in health was marked by numerous inducing initiatives aimed at the process of reorienting training and qualifying health professionals with a view to meeting the principles of the SUS and promoting solutions to the population's health problems. In this scenario, the professional master's degree (MP) has become a field of worker specialization and the production of fundamental knowledge for health services and systems, emphasizing the Professional Master's Degree in the National Network in Family Health (PROFSAÚDE), one of the programs created in the last decade for professional qualification for the Health Unic System. Studying the modality and bringing evidence that uniquely configures the MP in the training proposals contribute to the programs fulfilling the purpose for which the model was called to exercise: professional qualification. This work aimed to analyze the norms and guidelines that regulate the professional master's degree identifying the requirements that give identity to this modality; contextualize the historical background to the creation of PROFSAÚDE and present its organizational and academic management characteristics; analyze PROFSAÚDE from the perspective of the identity requirements of the professional master's degree. It was a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative-quantitative approach, developed in two phases: the first focused on PM, as a stricto sensu modality, and the second phase with a specific focus on PROFSAÚDE. In this study, unique characteristics were identified in this type of course, requirements such as a curricular structure consistent with the purpose of the course, pertinent methodological strategies applied to the professional field, faculty with a profile for the professional area, and final products oriented to solving problems were identified as essential for MP proposals. It is evident in the findings that articulating teaching and application in the field of professional activity is a motto for professional master's degrees. The study also brought evidence that makes PROFSAÚDE a proposal that supports the MP's identity, advancing the program's improvement in issues involving masters dissertation and the profile of the faculty. The results of this study contributed to a unique look at the modality and the program and may support other analyzes for professional master's courses.