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Objective:To explore the association between serum high density lipoprotein subtype 3 cholesterol (HDL3-C) levels and the severity and in-stent restenosis of patients with coronary artery disease.Methods:124 patients with coronary artery diseases and 62 healthy controls were included in this clinical case-control retrospective study. Participants were hospitalized from November 2020 to November 2021 at Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University were enrolled. Patients with coronary artery disease were as follows: 28 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 96 patients with stable coronary heart disease. Serum HDL3-C levels as well as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were determined. According to the coronary artery angiography results of all patients at the time of admission, Gensini scores were calculated and patients were divided into in-stent restenosis group ( n=22), no in-stent stenosis group ( n=23) and non-stent implantation group ( n=79). The correlation between HDL3-C levels and other parameters was analyzed by Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses. Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the impact of HDL3-C on the in-stent restenosis of coronary artery diseases. Results:Compared with controls, serum levels of HDL3-C and HDL-C were significantly decreased in patients with coronary artery diseases (all P<0.05). There was a significantly negative correlation between HDL3-C levels and Gensini scores ( r=-0.201, P=0.043). Among patients with coronary artery disease, serum levels of HDL3C, TC and TG in the in-stent restenosis group were significantly lower than in no in-stent stenosis group as well as than in the non-stent implantation group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for age, sex, lipid-lowering drugs and TC, TG, LDLC parameters, HDL3-C ( OR=0.885, 95% CI 0.791-0.990, P=0.033) and HDL-C ( OR=0.018, 95% CI 0.001-0.426, P=0.013) levels were both independently associated with the occurrence of coronary artery disease; only HDL3-C levels (no in-stent stenosis group as the reference: OR=0.833, 95% CI 0.698-0.994, P=0.042; non-stent implantation group as the reference: OR=0.812, 95% CI 0.685-0.963, P=0.017) were independently associated with the presence of in-stent restenosis ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Serum HDL3-C levels are decreased in patients with coronary artery disease, especially in patients with in-stent restenosis. HDL3-C levels are associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions and the presence of in-stent restenosis of coronary arteries.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar un análisis clínico-epidemiológico de las subfracciones de colesterol unido a lipoproteinas de alta densidad (HDL-C, por sus siglas en inglés) en adultos de la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de la base de datos del Estudio de Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico de Maracaibo, que incluyó 359 individuos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, a quienes se les determinó la concentración sérica de HDL3 y HDL2, así como el índice HDL2/HDL3; evaluando sus niveles según características sociodemográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas. Resultados: La edad promedio de la población era 39,4 ± 15,2 años, y 51,5% era de sexo femenino. Solo se observaron diferencias en los niveles de HDL-C en aquellos sujetos con HDL-C bajas. Las mujeres con hipertriacilgliceridemia mostraron concentraciones séricas de HDL3 y HDL2 significativamente menores con respecto a aquellas con triacilglicéridos normales (p=0,033); asimismo, se encontró una concentración menor de HDL3 y relación HDL2/HDL3 en aquellas con proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us) elevada (p<0,001). En hombres, se evidenció una concentración significativamente menor de HDL2 en aquellos con algún grado de hipertensión arterial (p=0,031), insulinorresistencia (p=0,050) y síndrome metabólico (p=0,003); mientras que aquellos con PCR-us elevada mostraron una menor concentración de HDL3 (p=0,011). Conclusión: Las subfracciones de HDL-C muestran un comportamiento clínico epidemiológico variable en adultos de la población de Maracaibo, con promedios más bajos en los hombres, diferencias en los niveles únicamente en aquellos con HDL-C bajas, y sin predominio de alguna subclase según las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas.
ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out a clinical-epidemiological analysis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions (HDL-C) in adults from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the database from the Metbolic Syndrome Prevalence in Maracaibo Study was carried out. HDL3 and HDL2 serum concentration, as well as the HDL2/HDL3 ratio, were determined in 359 individuals of both sexes, over 18 years of age. Values obtained were evaluated according to sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics. Results: Mean population age was 39.4 ± 15.2 years, and 51.5% were female. Differences in HDL-C subfraction levels were only observed in those subjects with low HDL-C levels. Women with hypertriglyceridemia showed significantly lower serum HDL3 and HDL2 concentrations than those with normal triglycerides (p=0.033), as well as a lower HDL3 level and HDL2 / HDL3 ratio in those with higher levels of ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) (p<0.001). A significantly lower concentration of HDL2 was observed in men with some degree of hypertension (p=0.031), insulin resistance (p=0.050) and metabolic syndrome (p=0.003); while those with elevated us-CRP showed a lower concentration of HDL3 (p=0.011). Conclusion: HDL-C subfractions show varying clinical-epidemiological behavior in adults from Maracaibo. Lower serum levels are observed in men, differences only in those with low HDL-C; and no predominance of any subclass was observed according to sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics.
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Venezuela , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Lipoproteínas HDL2 , Lipoproteínas HDL3 , Venezuela/epidemiología , Epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Ciudades/epidemiología , Lipoproteínas HDL2/sangre , Lipoproteínas HDL3/sangre , HDL-Colesterol , HDL-Colesterol/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is inversely associated with the development of hypertension. We aimed to determine the association between different HDL cholesterol subclasses and risk of future hypertension. METHODS: A total of 270 Japanese Americans (130 men, 140 women) without hypertension between the ages of 34 to 75 years were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer, and average blood pressure was calculated. Incident hypertension was determined 5 to 6 and 10 to 11 years after enrollment. HDL2, HDL3, and total HDL cholesterol were measured at baseline. RESULTS: During 10 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was 28.1% (76/270). In univariate analysis, age, diabetes, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and visceral adipose tissue were significant predictors for incident hypertension. Among the HDL cholesterol subclass, HDL2 cholesterol was inversely associated with hypertension incidence, but both total and HDL3 cholesterol were not. In addition, HDL2/HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with future hypertension risk. In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 2.31; P=0.001), systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.56; P < 0.001), and HDL2/HDL cholesterol (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.98; P=0.035), were associated with future development of hypertension. CONCLUSION: A higher proportion of HDL2 cholesterol among total HDL cholesterol predicted a lower risk for incident hypertension. However, concentrations of total HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol were not independent predictors of incident hypertension.
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Humanos , Masculino , Asiático , Presión Sanguínea , Colesterol , HDL-Colesterol , LDL-Colesterol , Ayuno , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glucosa , Hipertensión , Incidencia , Resistencia a la Insulina , Grasa Intraabdominal , Lipoproteínas , Lipoproteínas HDL2 , Lipoproteínas HDL3 , Análisis Multivariante , Esfigmomanometros , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
Objective To study the changes of serum lipoprotein cholesterol subclass in patients with primary hypothyroidism).Methods 38 cases of primary hypothyroidism were divided into clinical hypothyroidism group (hypothyroidism group,20 cases) and subclinical hypothyroidism group (subclinical hypothyroidism group,18 cases),Another 20 healthy persons (control group) were selected as control group.5 ml of fasting venous blood was extracted,the serum was separated and preserved at-80 ℃.Configuration of density liquid and ultracentrifugation under different background densities was done.Cholesterol oxidase method was used to determine the serum cholesterol,levels of small and low density lipoprotein (sdLDL),high density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2),and HDL3.At the same time,levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3),thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were checked.Statistical analysis of the correlation between the thyroid relevant hormone mentioned above and serum lipoprotein cholesterol subclass was done.Results ① The total cholesterol,triglycerideand LDL cholesterol levels in hypothyroidism group and subclinical hypothyroidism group were higher than that in the control group,However,the HDL level was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05);② SdLDL-C in hypothyroidism group and subclinical hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05);serum HDL2-C in hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05);while the significance of HDL3 was not reached;sdLDL-C,HDL2-C,HDL3-C in hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism group had no statistical significance;(Primary thyroid dysfunction occurs,the level of sdLDL-C was positively correlated with TSH (r =0.287,P =0.026),and negatively correlated with T4 (r =-0.267,P =0.039);and no correlation with T3;HDL2-C and T3,T4 were positively correlated (r =0.271,0.270,P =0.036,0.037);no significant correlation between HDL3-C and TSH,T3 T4.Conclusion The changes of clinical lipid profile and lipoprotein cholesterol subclass in patients with hypothyroidism are correlated with thyroid function.
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PURPOSE: Adiponectin is expressed in adipose tissue, and is affected by smoking, obesity, and genetic factors, such as CDH13 polymorphism, contributing to the development of coronary vascular diseases (CVDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the effect of genetic variations of CDH13 (rs3865188) on blood chemistry and adiponectin levels in 345 CVD patients undergoing statin-free or statin treatment. RESULTS: Genetic variation in CDH13 was significantly correlated with several clinical factors, including adiponectin, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), and insulin levels. Subjects with the T allele (mutant form) had significantly lower adiponectin levels than those with the A allele. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), TG/high-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol (HDLc) ratio, and HDL3b subtype were markedly decreased in statin treated subjects regardless of having the A or T allele. TG and TG/HDL in the statin-free group with TT genotype of the rs3865188 was higher than in the others but they were not different in the statin-treated subjects. We observed a significant difference in adiponectin levels between patients with the A and T alleles in the statin-free group; meanwhile, no difference in adiponectin levels was noted in the statin group. Plasma levels of other cytokines, leptin, visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were not different among the CDH13 genotypes according to statin administration. Body mass index (BMI), TG, insulin, HDL3b, and TG/HDL ratio showed negative correlations with adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION: Plasma adiponectin levels and TG/HDL ratio were significantly different according to variants of CDH13 and statin administration in Korean patients with CVD.
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adiponectina/sangre , Alelos , Presión Sanguínea/genética , Índice de Masa Corporal , Cadherinas/sangre , Colesterol , LDL-Colesterol , Genotipo , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Insulina , Interleucina-6 , Leptina/genética , Lipoproteínas HDL/genética , Obesidad/sangre , Polimorfismo Genético , Triglicéridos/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Enfermedades Vasculares/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in descendants with positive family history of CAD was evaluated in either one of or both the parents among 71 selected families. Subjects were grouped as parents and descendants without and with CAD and descendants spouses without CAD or family history of CAD. All subjects were examined for anthropometric characteristics, fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, lipoprotein sub-fractions, insulin, insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was prevalent in the 83% descendants with CAD and 54.6% parents with CAD. The traditional risk factors were observed in both parents and descendants with CAD. Metabolic risk factors, including hypertriglyceridemia, low HDLc levels and hyperglycaemia had a higher frequency in the descendants with CAD. ANOVA showed significant ‘F’ ratio for the anthropometric characteristics, hypertension, serum lipids, small dense (sd) LDLc levels, HDL2c levels and HDL3c levels in the descendants parents with CAD and CAD + diabetes mellitus (DM), as compared to those without CAD. The descendants without CAD, but with a positive family history had central adiposity, hypertension and had lower HDL levels and elevated sdLDLc levels. Multiple analyses of variance showed that sdLDLc and waist circumference were the most potent risk factors for prevalence of CAD. Thus, we conclude that a positive family history of CAD along with central adiposity and elevation of sdLDLc levels appear to be important factors in the assessment of CAD risk in humans.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Padres , Factores de Riesgo , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objetivo Determinar la relación del ejercicio con los niveles séricos de la apoA-I y las subpoblaciones de HDL2 y HDL3, en personas hipertensas de la Ciudad de Armenia - Quindío. Métodos La intervención fueron dos meses de ejercicio. La presión arterial se tomó con las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Las subpoblaciones de HDL se midieron con el método del precipitado ionico y la apoA-I se midió con la técnica de nefelometría de bindig site. Resultados Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se captaron 160 pacientes de los cuales 125 permanecieron hasta el final del proyecto, es decir, hubo un 78,12 % de permanencia; el 28 % hicieron ejercicio. El análisis mostró una reducción altamente significativa de la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica mayor en las personas que hicieron que en las que no hicieron ejercicio. Las cifras de HDL estaban por debajo de lo normal antes del ejercicio aumentaron significativamente con el ejercicio pero aún se mantuvieron por debajo de los valores de referencia, las HDL2 aumentaron significativamente, mientras las HDL3 descendieroncon niveles normales de apoA-I. Conclusiones Este trabajo muestra que el ejercicio aumenta las HDL totales, pero lo más importante es que modifica la subpoblaciones de HDL en una relación que favorece aquellas que parecen tener propiedades ateroprotectivas. Y la evidencia de la interrelación entre factores protectores, aporta nuevos argumentos para las acciones en salud pública, frente al riesgo cardiovascular y la hipertensión Arterial.
Objetive Determine the relationship of exercise with serum levels of apoA-I and HDL2 and HDL3, subpopulations in hypertensive individuals from the city of Armenia - Quindío. Methods The interventions were two months of exercise. Blood pressure was taken with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Colombia. HDL subpopulations were measured with the method of precipitate ionicand the apoA-I was measured using nephelometry of Bindig site. Results Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 160 patients of whom 125 remained until the end of the project were gathered, that is, there was a 78.12 % retention, 28 % did the exercise. The analysis showed a highly significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher in people who did exercise. The HDL were below normal before exercise, significantly increased with exercise but still remained below the reference values, the HDL2 increased significantly, while HDL3 decreased with normal levels of apoA-I. Conclusion This study shows that exercise increases the total HDL, but the most important is that exercise modified the HDL subpopulations in a relationship that favors those which seem to have ateroprotective properties. The evidence of the interrelationship between protective factors provides new arguments for public health actions against the cardiovascular risk and hypertension.
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Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangre , Presión Sanguínea , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , /sangre , /sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol intake has been found to be associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the association of alcohol intake with HDL cholesterol subclasses is unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the association between alcohol intake and HDL cholesterol subclasses among Koreans. METHODS: This study included in 1,101 healthy Koreans (men: 765, women: 336) who underwent health check-up at two hospitals in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study 2 (KCPS2). The amounts of alcohol intake were classified into 4 groups: non-, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers (0, or =50.0 g/day, respectively). The proportions of HDL cholesterol subclasses were measured after subclasses were identified by 4-30% gradient gel electrophoresis. Multiple regression models were used to estimate regression coefficients after multivariate adjustments. RESULTS: The concentration of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 significantly increased with increasing amount of alcohol intake. After adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), waist and smoking status, alcohol consumers of <12.5 g/day, 12.5-49.9 g/day and more than 50.0g/day showed significant positive associations with HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 concentration when compared to non-alcohol drinkers in men. In particular, The strongest positive associations were obtained with HDL2b and HDL3c. CONCLUSION: HDL2 and HDL3 were significantly associated with increasing amount of alcohol intake in Koreans. In particular, HDL2b among HDL2 and HDL3c among HDL3 showed the strongest positive association with increasing amount of alcohol intake.