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Introduction: Ovarian carcinomas is still maintaining pivotal role among gynecological malignancy regarding cancer death in women. This study aims to observe expression pattern of VEGF, Her2/Neu and Ki-67 in lieu of targeted therapy for ovarian carcinoma. Materials and Methods: It was retrospective observational study carried out for last 3 years (2020-2022). A total of 160 cases of Ovarian tumors were received from different departments. The specimens were processed, histopathological sections were examined under Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Immunohistochemical stains like VEGF, Her2/Neu and Ki-67. Evaluation was done by trained and independent pathologists. Correlation of Histological type, grade, age group. FIGO stage with expression of VEGF, Her2/Neu, and Ki-67 done. Results: Out of 160 specimens of histological examination proved 143 EOC- serous type constituted maximum (53.1 %) number. Among them (63.7%) were high grade and most of the cases belonged to 41.3% (59/143) in FIGO stage I in our study. Grade 3+ HER2/neu immunostaining was identified in 22.37% cases and had significantly correlated with tumor grade (?2 = 19.7981 with Yates correction; P <0.00001) and FIGO Staging (p=0.00024). Among High grade EOC, High proliferation index (HPI) was 19.5% for Ki-67. we could observe significant statistical association of Ki-67 HPI and tumor differentiation. Moreover, significant correlations was found between the high-grade EOC and HPI of Ki-67/Her2- neu co-expression (p<0.05). Though significant association was found between tumor grade and VEGF expression (?2 = 11.1041; P = .000861) but no correlation were in VEGF/Her-2/neu HPI and the degree of tumor differentiation (chi-square, p>0.05). Conclusion: Role of Her2/Neu and Ki-67 expression and their association should be considered in the progression and tumor grade and stage of EOC.
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Background: HER2/NEU expression in urothelial neoplasms has been reported to range from 9% to 80% on immunohistochemistry. We studied the expression of HER2/NEU in urothelial neoplasms and its variability according to histological grade along with the prognostic value. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of urinary bladder neoplasms, which comprised 45 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma followed by 13 cases of low-grade and 2 cases of PUNLMP. These were then subjected to IHC by HER2/NEU. Membrane positivity for HER2/NEU was noted. Results: A total of 65% of cases showed positive membranous HER2/NEU expression. HER2/NEU expression was noted in 82.6% of cases of high grade while 8.4% of cases of low grade were positive for HER2/NEU expression. Conclusions: The majority of high grade invasive urothelial carcinomas showed positive HER2/NEU expression with a significant p-value <0.001. Thus patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma may benefit from HER2/NEU targeted therapy.
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Background: HER2/NEU expression in urothelial neoplasms has been reported to range from 9% to 80% on immunohistochemistry. We studied the expression of HER2/NEU in urothelial neoplasms and its variability according to histological grade along with the prognostic value. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of urinary bladder neoplasms, which comprised 45 cases of high-grade urothelial carcinoma followed by 13 cases of low-grade and 2 cases of PUNLMP. These were then subjected to IHC by HER2/NEU. Membrane positivity for HER2/NEU was noted. Results: A total of 65% of cases showed positive membranous HER2/NEU expression. HER2/NEU expression was noted in 82.6% of cases of high grade while 8.4% of cases of low grade were positive for HER2/NEU expression. Conclusions: The majority of high grade invasive urothelial carcinomas showed positive HER2/NEU expression with a significant p-value <0.001. Thus patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma may benefit from HER2/NEU targeted therapy.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogene involved in tumour genesis and progression. It is expressed in 7% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with drug resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies. With the emergence of the therapeutic dilemma of CRC and the survival benefits of targeting HER2 for patients with breast cancer and gastric cancer, the significance of HER2 in CRC and the prognostic value of anti-HER2 therapy have been widely concerned, clinical researches on HER2-positive CRC have been continuously carried out. Currently, the diagnostic criteria for HER2 positive CRC have gradually been unified. HER2-targeting therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-drug coupling and HER2-related immunotherapy alone or in combination have shown good efficacy and brought significant survival benefits for HER2 positive CRC. This paper reviews the research progress of HER2 in CRC.
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Purpose: The present study aims to identify basaloid and luminal molecular groups and the p53-like sub-group, which is a sub-group of the luminal group, using a specific immunohistochemical panel and investigate human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/Neu and Fascin expression in these groups to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in a cohort of cases with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (MIBC). Material and Methods: An immunohistochemical panel that included GATA-3, CK20, CD44, and CK5/6 was used to identify molecular sub-groups based on expression in 44 cases of MIBC. HER2/Neu and Fascin expression in basal, luminal, and p53-like groups and the relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. Results: The distribution of the molecular sub-groups determined by immunohistochemistry was as follows: 23 luminal cases (52.3%), 16 basal cases (36.4%), and 5 (11.4%) p53-like cases. There was a statistically significant difference in tumor size across the groups, with the greatest size in the p53-like group (p = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed in HER2/Neu expression between the molecular sub-groups (p = 0.017). Comparison of survival and HER2/Neu scores revealed shorter survival in patients with an HER2/Neu score of 3 + compared to those with scores of 0, 1+, and 2+ (p = 0.109). Fascin immunoreactivity was more common in the p53-like and basal groups compared to the luminal group (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Despite the limited number of cases in the MIBC group, our results support that HER2/Neu expression in the luminal sub-group and Fascin expression in basal and p53-like groups may be used as a negative prognostic marker. Multi-center studies that include large case series are warranted in this field.
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Aim: To assess HER2/neu expressions and correlate with E-cadherin and Serum HER2 level in gastric carcinoma. Method: 31 gastric biopsies and 1 resected specimen were taken in the study with patient details and stained with H and E for histopathological details following Lauren's classification. Immunohistochemistry for HER2 and E-cadherin expression was conducted followed by serum HER2/neu ELISA. Result: Adenocarcinoma with 61% diffuse, 29% intestinal, and 10% other type were observed with predominant HER2 immunoexpression in intestinal-type than in diffuse-type adenocarcinoma. Other observations marked 44% as 3+/positive and 56% as 2+/equivocal in intestinal type while 26% cases as 3+/positive, 69% as 2+/equivocal, and 1% as 1+/negative were observed in diffuse type. The data presented 33% membranous positivity and 67% both membranous + cytoplasmic positivity in intestinal type while 2% showed membranous positivity, 47% both membranous + cytoplasmic, and 42% only cytoplasmic positivity in diffused type. On comparing the localization pattern of HER2 and E-cadherin, 25% of cases showed membranous staining while 50% of cases showed membranous with cytoplasmic staining for both. No cytoplasmic HER2 staining as well as no any staining for E-cadherin was shown by 6% cases. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that cytoplasmic expression of HER2 in gastric adenocarcinoma (mainly diffuse type) may be due to shedding of its extracellular domain, leading to loss of membranous E-cadherin expression on immunohistochemistry. The loss of membranous expression of E-cadherin and increased serum HER2 ELISA were correlated well with these findings.
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Background: Gastric carcinoma is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gastric neoplasms arise from genetic and epigenetic changes in various genes. Present study evaluates the immunoexpression of PTEN, HER2/neu, and Ki-67 in endoscopic gastric carcinoma biopsies and correlates the expression of these proteins with clinicopathological features. Material and Methods: Adequate endoscopic biopsies of 27 cases of gastric carcinoma were evaluated for World Health Organization (WHO) and Lauren's classification subtypes along with HER2/neu, PTEN, and Ki-67 immunoexpression. HER2/neu immunostaining was scored as proposed in the Trastuzumab for gastric cancer (ToGA) trial while PTEN staining and downregulation were assessed using an immunoreactive score. The cut-off for Ki-67 expression was taken as 90th percentile of the values in adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. All statistical analysis was done at 5% level of significance with SPSS v22 statistical software. Results: Tubular adenocarcinoma was the commonest WHO histological subtype and 56% of cases were of intestinal type as per Lauren's classification. 55.6% of cases showed a complete loss of PTEN expression in neoplastic tissue. 17 of the 19 cases with adjacent non-neoplastic tissue showed PTEN downregulation in neoplastic tissue. 81.5% of cases had a high Ki-67 index and HER2/neu overexpression was noted in 36% of cases. All the four cases who died had high Ki-67 proliferation indices; 3 patients had loss of PTEN expression and HER2/neu overexpression. Conclusion: We conclude that these immunomarkers can play important role in the behavior of gastric carcinomas and can be targeted for new therapies.
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Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies in female patients. In recent years, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has emerged as an important tool in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. The study aimed to assess estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), Her-2-neu, and Ki-67 by IHC in surface epithelial ovarian tumors and to correlate the findings with different variables. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Oophorectomy/salpingo-oophorectomy/cystectomy specimens were included in this study. IHC was done on 10% neutral buffer formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections by using Dako FLEX Ready to use mouse monoclonal antibodies and DakoEnvisionTM FLEX/ HRP detection reagent. Results: The study includes 81 cases of surface epithelial ovarian tumors (a benign serous tumor [20], a benign mucinous tumor [18], a borderline mucinous tumor [5], low-grade serous carcinoma [8], high-grade serous carcinoma [19], mucinous carcinoma [7], endometrioid carcinoma [2], borderline Brenner tumor [1], and malignant Brenner tumor [1]. ER had higher expression in malignant cases (51.33%) than in benign cases (15.8%). PR had higher expression in malignant tumors (54.05%) incomparable to benign (18.42%) and borderline tumors (16.66%). PR had higher expression in high grade. Expression of Her-2-neu positivity was found to be 29.7% out of the total 81 cases. Her-2-neu was found in 11 high-grade tumors among 31 malignant cases. CA-125 levels were significantly higher in malignant ovarian tumors (P = 0.0143). Proliferation activity was considered low if proliferation index (PI) <10% and high if PI >10%. The study showed high PI in malignant tumors. Conclusion: Expression of these marks in adjunct to H&E diagnosis may prove beneficial in differentiating benign, borderline, and malignant cases, in which a diagnosis of borderline cases based on sole H & E is doubtful.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El carcinoma mamario negativo a la expresión de receptores hormonales (RH negativo) incluye los subtipos moleculares Her-2/neu y triple negativo, asociados ambos a una mayor actividad biológica del tumor y un pronóstico desfavorable. Objetivo: Determinar la incidenciade los carcinomas triples negativos y Her-2/neu en carcinomas mamarios y su relación con variables clínico-patológicas de valor pronóstico. Métodos: Se realizó unestudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en el Hospital Celestino Hernández, Villa Clara, entre enero de 2017 a junio de 2019. Se incluyeron 293 mujeres con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama infiltrante, a cuyas biopsias se les realizó estudio inmunohistoquímico determinando la incidencia de los subtipos moleculares triple negativo y Her2/neu y su relación con otras variables de valor pronóstico. Resultados: En la serie se determinó la incidencia de los subtipos moleculares triples negativo y Her2/neu. En ambos subtipos moleculares, más de las dos terceras partes de las pacientes fueron mayores de 50 años, presentaron tallas tumorales mayor de 2 cm en el momento del diagnóstico y tuvieron histología ductal. Destaca además la relación de ambos subtipos moleculares con formas histológicas moderada y pobremente diferenciadas del carcinoma mamario. De igual forma, en ambos subtipos, el índice de proliferación determinado por Ki67 fue alto en más de las dos terceras partes de las pacientes estudiadas. Conclusiones: La edad posmenopáusica, el tipo histológico ductal, el grado histológico alto, el alto índice de Ki67 y la talla tumoral mayor de 2 cm se asocian con frecuencia a subtipos moleculares del carcinoma mamario negativos a receptores hormonales.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The breast carcinoma which is negative to the expression of hormonal receptors (negative RH) includes the molecular subtypes Her2/neu and triple negative, that are both associated to higher biological activity and a worse forecast. Objective: To determine the real incidence of the subtypes triple negative and Her2/neu in breast carcinoma and its correlation with prognostic value clinic-pathological variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was done in the Hospital Celestino Hernández, Villa Clara, from January 2017 to June 2019. It was included 293 women with diagnosis of infiltrating breast carcinoma, whose biopsies were studied by immunohistochemistry, determining the incidence of the molecular subtypes triple negative and overexpression of Her-2 and its correlation with others prognostic value variables. Results: In the series it was determined the incidence of the molecular subtypes triple negative and Her2/neu. In both molecular subtypes more two third of patients were older than 50 years old, had tumor size larger than 2 cm at the moment of diagnosis and had ductal histology. The correlation of the both molecular subtypes with moderately and poorly histological types of breast carcinoma stands out. In the same way the proliferation index determined by Ki67 was high in more two third of the studied patients. Conclusions: The post-menopausal age, the ductal histologic type, high histologic grade, high index of Ki67 and tumor size larger than 2 cm are often associated to molecular subtypes of breast carcinomas which are negative to the expression of hormonal receptors.
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Background: Malignancy of breast is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Molecular organisation of breast cancer is considered as better predictive factor for diagnosis and treatment. The present study was done with the aim to find out clinicopathological characterization and correlation of breast tumor with receptor status progesterone (PR), estrogen (ER) and human epidermal receptor protein-2/neu status (HER-2/neu).Methods: This was a prospective study done on 50 patients with breast carcinoma. The expression patterns of PR, ER and HER-2/NEU were studied. Clinical features, pathologic features such as age of the patient, tumour size, grade, and lymph node status and their correlation with receptors were compared.Results: Of the 50 patients, ER positivity was seen in 42% cases, PR positivity in 32% and HER-2/neu (3+) in 30% cases. Majority of grade I tumors were ER and PR positive and majority of grade III tumors were triple negative. Triple negative profile was seen in secretory carcinoma. ER, PR and HER2 status was not significantly associated with age of the patients and tumour size. The immunohistochemical types ER/PR +ve Her2neu +ve and ER/PR -ve Her2neu -ve are significantly related to grading of tumours.Conclusions: From the results, it was concluded that ER, PR and HER-2 status correlates well with histopathological grading. These results highlight the fact that molecular subtypes correlate with diagnosis and aid in targeted therapy.
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Increasing HER-2/neu resistance in gastric carcinoma has encouraged search for new biomarkers for targeted therapy. Cellular mesenchymal epithelial transition (C-MET) is one such tyrosine kinase inhibitor proposed for personalized salvage treatment. We determined frequency of C-MET gene copy number variation (CNV) by Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and sought its correlation with conventional clinicopathologic parameters. Dual-coloured FISH was done on 32 GAC cases. C-MET gene and centromere 7 signals were counted under fluorescent microscope and ratio was calculated for each case. Correlation between C-MET CNV and conventional clinic-pathologic parameters was done by Fischer exact test. CNV was identified in the form of amplification and polysomy (3.1% each) and associated with poorer prognostic parameters. Our pilot study highlights limited subset of patients that may benefit from anti-C-MET-targeted therapy and thus could be a novel biomarker for targeted intervention in GAC.
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Human epidermal growth factor receptor HER2/neu status is an important prognostic factor for breast cancer as it is crucial in stimulating growth and cellular motility. Overexpression of HER2/neu is observed in 10%?35% of the human breast cancer and is associated with prognosis and response to treatment. The magnitude of amplification must be determined to facilitate better prognosis and personalized therapy in the affected patient. This study aims to investigate the HER2/neu status in breast cancer by concurrent HER2/neu protein overexpression immunohistochemically with HER2/neu DNA amplification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allowing accurate and precise quantification of HER2/neu amplification after a follow-up period. A total of 54 paired tissue samples from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer patients enrolled in this study were collected to evaluate tumor and normal tissues. Only cases with 80% and more tumor cells were included. For confirmation of immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, qPCR was used to determine the HER2/neu amplification. The association between clinicopathological variables like age, tumor size, histological grade, stage, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, family history, recurrence rate, and vital status was evaluated. We observed that 11/54 (20.4%) of the tumor tissues are positive for HER2/neu protein overexpression by IHC. A total of 8 out of these 11 cases (72.7%), which presented a score of 3+, showed gene amplification of HER2/neu. The concordance rate between IHC and qPCR was 94.4%. HER2/neu gene amplification was found to be significantly associated with recurrence, increased risk of death, and progesterone receptor status, supporting a negative prognostic role of HER2/neu in breast cancer survival. In conclusion, IHC can be used as an initial screening test to detect HER2/neu protein overexpression, and the use of qPCR can verify the IHC results and establish HER2/neu status in routine clinical practice.
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Introduction: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) isconsidered as initial management of all patients with locallyadvanced breast cancers and followed by surgery. NACTenables reduction of breast tumor size- thereby prolongingsurvival and altered the expression of steroid receptor (ER/PR)and Her-2/NEU in the cancer cells. Our aims and objectivewas to look into the association of patient age, tumor grade,expression status of ER/ PR / Her-2/neu receptor status beforeand after NACT in Indian women patients.Material and methods: The study was conducted over aperiod of 4 years. Hormone receptor and Her-2/neu status wasdetermined by IHC over 412 samples. The patients receivingNACT and having both core needle biopsy and surgery(MRM) are considered as NACT group. The other group didnot receive NACT but have core needle biopsy and surgeryare taken as non NACT group. The discordance was comparedbetween these two groups.Results: Patients of more than 40years of age hadpredominantly favorable hormone receptor status expression.In the NACT group favorable receptor status was 60.35%and discordance was higher in ER, PR and HER- 2/neu incomparison to non-NACT group.Conclusions: Significant alteration of hormone receptorsand Her-2/neu expression was found in biopsy of the patientsreceiving NACT. So reevaluation of the hormonal status andHer 2 neu receptor in residual invasive carcinoma may beconsidered as it has advantage on chemotherapy after finalsurgery.
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Clear cell breast carcinomas are one of the rare types of invasive carcinoma of the breast. Among them, lipid-rich variant is still rare comprising <1%. The tumor derives its name from the intracytoplasmic neutral lipid that gives the cytoplasm a vacuolated and foamy appearance. These tumors are usually hormone receptors negative and Her-2 Neu positive. Here, we report a case of lipid-rich breast carcinoma which showed hormone receptor positivity and Her-2 Neu negative
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Background: Carcinoma of the breast is a truly complex disease with a large intratumoral heterogeneity, leading to markedly variable clinical course and response to treatment modalities. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, hormone receptor status of estrogen(ER), progesterone(PR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2/neu) over expression. Aims and Objectives:To highlight the histomorphological spectrum of breast carcinomas and their ER,PR, HER2NEU status. And also to find out correlation between their histological grade and the hormone status . Materials and Methods - 115 breast carcinomas were clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed in which assessment of Her2/neu, ER, PR had been performed prospectively. Statistical analysis was then used to correlate the above observation. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of histopathology and immunohistochemistry in breast cancers not only in diagnosing the lesion but also in predicting the prognosis and target therapy.
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Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among females. It arises from precursor lesions i.e. squamous intraepithelial lesions which are closely associated with infection by HPV. The ERBB2 protooncogene encodes for a cellular transmembrane protein (erb-b2) which has tyrosine kinase activity and has been implicated in the regulation of cellular growth and proliferation in various cancers. Application of monoclonal antibodies against Her2neu has shown higher response and improved survival. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of Her2neu in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix in relation to tumor characteristics and to compare the expression with normal control subjects.Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were obtained from the archives. Twenty age matched cases of normal cervix removed for lesions other than that related to cervix (like leiomyoma) were taken as control. Tumour characteristics were noted from the records. Her2neu immunostaining was done. Her2neu expression was scored as positive or negative according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) scoring system for Her2neu. The Chi-square test was used to compare and find association between the variables. Student t-test was used to compare the variable between cases and controls.Results: Her2neu was positive in 20% and negative in 80% cases of the study group. Her2neu positivity is not associated with size, histological grade and FIGO stage of the tumor. We found that all Her2neu positive cases showed no lymph node metastasis. This association between Her2neu positivity and lymph node status was statistically significant.Conclusions: Her2neu immunoexpression is variable across various categories of squamous cell carcinoma. Her2neu positivity might be negatively associated with lymph node metastasis. However, a more comprehensive study encompassing various factors related to Her2neu overexpression is required to validate these results.
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Introduction: Carcinoma breast is the most common cancer in women worldwide. But mortality is decreasing due to early detection by active screening program and better understanding of receptors status and treatment following results of receptors status. But in India patients usually presents in later stage due to lack of awareness and active screening program . so BCS is not possible and MRM is the treatment of choice along with neoadjuvant chemotherapy which cause more morbidity. Method and material: study was conducted in Assam medical college and hospital from june 2017 to January 2018 and patients followed by a variable period of 3 to 6 months. Cases was diagnosed and treated according to stage of their carcinoma. Results: mean age of presentation is 43.11 yrs. Most common stage at presentation stage 3a(38.24%) and stage 2b(35.29%). ER receptors positivity is 50%. HER-2/neu positivity is 47%. Triple positive 23.53% and triple negative 11.76%. Conclusion: Receptors status should be done in all cases then hormonal / targeted therapy should be started which improves survival . In India average age for presentation is a decade earlier then western countries so we should start an active screening program which should start at 35 yrs of age.
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Background: Ovarian cancers represent the 6th most common cancer among females and are the most common cause of death from gynaecological cancers in the world. The aim is to do clinicopathologic study of ovarian tumours along with evaluation of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/neu).Methods: A total of 85 cases of ovarian tumors were studied and immunohistochemistry was performed with specific antibodies against ER and HER2/neu as per standard protocol.Results: In present study, surface epithelial tumours were the commonest type comprising 64 cases (75.2%), followed by Germ cell tumours, 17cases (20%) and sex cord stromal tumours, 04 cases (4.8%).Among the surface epithelial tumours , ER‑positive cases were higher in malignant (71.4%) tumours as compared to borderline tumours (33.3%) and benign tumours (7.7%) while Her2/neu positive cases were higher in borderline (66.7%) tumours as compared to malignant tumours (42.9%) and benign tumours (15.3%).Among the germ cell tumours, ER expression was positive in 62.5% cases of mature teratoma while HER2/neu expression was positive in only 12.5% cases of mature teratoma. None of the sex cord stromal tumours showed positive expression of ER and HER2/neu.Conclusions: Positive expression of estrogen receptors is seen predominantly in surface epithelial malignancies and in mature teratoma. It proves the mitogenic role of estrogen in ovarian tumours. Her-2 neu was expressed mainly in malignant tumours. This suggests their carcinogenic role. This also helps in differentiating borderline and malignant tumours.
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Background: This study aims to assess the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor A (PRA),Her-2-neu, p53, and Ki-67 in epithelial ovarian tumors and evaluate their correlation with various clinicopathologic variables.Materials and Methods: A total of 50 cases of epithelial ovarian tumors received from the department of obstetrics andgynaecology and surgical oncology were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on sections takenfrom paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.Results: Among 50 cases of ovarian epithelial tumors, 26 (52%) malignant, 18 (36%) benign, and 6 (12%) borderline. The medianage of patients was higher (53 years) in malignant tumors. ERα had lower expression in benign (27.7%) and PRA had higherexpression in malignant (69%) while Her-2-neu and p53 were negative in benign tumors. ERα and PRA had higher expressionin serous (57.1% and 53.6%), postmenopausal (83.3% and 70%), advanced stage (55.6% and 53.3%), Grade 3 (44.4% and40%), and tumors with ascites (77.8% and 53.3%). Her-2-neu and p53 were negative in benign and higher in malignant (23%and 58%), serous (66.7% and 67%), Grade 3 (57% and 35%), and tumors with ascites (71% and 88%). Ki-67 had a significanthigher expression in malignant (52 ± 28) and Grade 3 tumors (72 ± 20) as compared to benign tumors (4 ± 2).Conclusion: The difference in expression of these markers among benign, borderline, and malignant tumors reveals their rolein differentiation and prognostication of ovarian tumors. Ovarian tumors are extremely heterogeneous as proved by the lackof coexpression of these markers. Tumors with adverse prognostic factors express ERα and PRA; this supports the mitogenicrole of estrogen and estrogenic regulation of PR. Her-2-neu and p53 are expressed only in malignant tumors supporting theirrole in the differentiation of borderline and malignant tumors. Similarly, differential expression of Ki-67 in tumors with adverseprognostic factors would help in prognostication and differentiation.
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Background: Breast cancers have been subclassified on the basis of molecular expression. This study evaluates the receptor expression in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry and classifies them into various subtypes. A comparison with other regions was also made. Methods: This prospective study included all the patients of breast carcinoma who had undergone the surgical treatment of mastectomy at SMSMC from January 2014 to June 2017. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) was studied and subtypes were determined. Comparison of the receptor expression and patterns was done in different age groups and with other regions. Results: ‘A total of 496 cases were included in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.2 years. Most of the patients (60.3%) were less than 50 years old whereas 39.7% were above 50 years. By Bloom Richardson scoring 28.7%, 56.8% and 14.5% tumours were classified as Grade I, Grade II and Grade III respectively. ER, PR and HER2neu receptor positivity was seen in 57.5%, 44.1% and 26.6% respectively. The most common molecular subtype was luminal A (41.7%) followed by triple negative subtype (30.8%). Luminal B and HER2neu overexpressing types were 15% and 12.5% respectively. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical markers act as surrogate markers for molecular classification of breast cancers. Hormone receptor expression at our institute was comparable with other studies from India. Luminal A is the most common occurring subtype of breast cancer presenting at our institute.