Impacto en la calidad de vida por la comprensión del tinnitus / The Quality of Life impaction by Tinnitus Comprehension

El tinnitus es la sensación de sonido en ausencia de cualquier fuente externa. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la repercusión del tinnitus en la calidad de vida. Se inscribieron 25 pacientes con tinnitus con una amplia gama de umbrales de pérdida auditiva (HLT) y estado de gravedad de tinnitus. La gravedad, la ansiedad y la depresión del tinnitus se evaluaron mediante el inventario de discapacidades por tinnitus (THI), el índice funcional de tinnitus (TFI) y la escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (HADS), respectivamente. Se realizó una audiometría de conducción aérea de tono puro. El impacto de la percepción del tinnitus en la calidad de vida se encontró más alto en el grupo de sufrimiento. La escala de ansiedad y depresión figuraba en 40% y 60%, respectivamente. El uso de la mano fue de 20 diestros y 5 zurdos. El tinnitus bilateral se está experimentando en el 76%. El LH se presentó en 17 (68%) de los pacientes con tinnitus. La descripción del sonido del tinnitus como silbido (40%), siseo (24%), pulsante (16%), timbre (8%) y ruidos de tono alto (12%). Con respecto al cuestionario THI, los sujetos con tinnitus se dividen en 60% (leve), 30% (moderado) y 10% (grave). Mientras que el cuestionario TFI, el 50% mostró un (leve), el 25% (moderado) y el 25% mostró (severo). Postulamos una fuerte asociación positiva significativa entre HADS y la gravedad del tinnitus: THI (P = 0,000) y TFI (P = 0,001). Esos datos revelaron que la percepción del tinnitus tiene impactos negativos en la calidad de vida mientras que la gravedad puede verse alterada por la lateralidad

Tinnitus is the sensation of sound in the absence of any external source, and the aim is to assess the impaction of tinnitus on QoL. 25-tinnitus sufferers were enrolled with a wide range of hearing loss thresholds (HLT) and tinnitus severity status. Tinnitus severity, anxiety and depression were assessed using tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), tinnitus functional index (TFI), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), respectively. Pure tone air conduction audiometry was performed. The impaction of tinnitus perception on QoL was found higher in suffering group. The anxiety and depression scale figured in 40%, and 60%, respectively. The handed use was 20 rights handed and 5 left-handed. Bilateral tinnitus is experiencing in 76%. The HL occurred in 17(68%) of tinnitus patients. The description of tinnitus sound as whistling (40%), hissing (24%), pulsating (16%), ringing (8%), and high pitch noises (12%). Regarding THI questionnaire, tinnitus subjects are divided to 60% (mild), 30% (moderate), and 10% (severe). While TFI questionnaire, 50% showed a (mild), 25% (moderate), and 25% showed (severe). We postulated a strong significant positive association between HADS and tinnitus severity: THI (P=0.000) and TFI (P= 0.001). Those data revealed that tinnitus perception has negative impacts on QoL, and the severity may be altered by laterality.

Effects of hydrogen bathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle soreness / 体力科学

Several studies have reported that molecular hydrogen (H₂) acts as a therapeutic medical gas owing to scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little is known about effects of H₂ on exercise-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weekly hydrogen bathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Nine healthy and active young men participated in this study, and each subject performed hydrogen bathing trial and placebo bathing trial in a crossover design. The subjects performed downhill running (8 % decline) at 75 % peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) for 30 min, and each subjects conducted hydrogen or placebo bathing for 20 min, respectively, 1-6 days after downhill running. Before and after exercise, we measured visual analogue scale (VAS) and collected blood samples (Pre- and 5 min, 60 min after the end of bathing, 1day, 2days, 3days, 7days after downhill running). Blood sample analyses include creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17a (IL-17a) and lactate concentrations. Weekly hydrogen bathing had no effects of exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage. On the other hand, hydrogen bathing significantly reduced DOMS (VAS) 1 and 2days after downhill running (p=0.033). These findings suggest that hydrogen bath after downhill exercise can be effective for reduction of DOMS.

Reliability of the Estimation of Non-Metabolic CO2 Output During Incremental Exercise / 体力科学

It is known that lactic anions and hydrogen ions (H<SUP>+</SUP>) produced during intense exercise are partly transported or diffused from muscle to blood resulting in the production of non-metabolic CO<SUB>2</SUB> through the bicarbonate buffering system. The purpose of the present study was to examine the reliability of the estimation of non-metabolic CO<SUB>2</SUB> output using respiratory gas analysis during incremental exercise. Six healthy subjects underwent an incremental pedaling exercise test accompanied by respiratory gas and arterial blood sampling. The rate of non-metabolic CO<SUB>2</SUB> output (VCO<SUB>2</SUB>-NM) was calculated by subtracting projected metabolic VCO<SUB>2</SUB> from actual VCO<SUB>2</SUB> after CO<SUB>2</SUB> threshold (CT) . CT was determined using a modified V-Slope method. Bicarbonate (HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>), pH, CO<SUB>2</SUB> partial pressure and lactate concentration were measured from arterial blood samples using automatic analyzers. The kinetics of VCO<SUB>2</SUB>-NM and HCO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> were compared throughout the exercise test. VCO<SUB>2</SUB>-NM was significantly correlated with HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>decrease after CT (r=0.976, p<0.001) and the kinetics of VCO<SUB>2</SUB>-NM and HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> decrease were similar during exercise. Furthermore, the amount of non-metabolic CO<SUB>2</SUB> output (NM-CO<SUB>2</SUB>) calculated integrating VCO<SUB>2</SUB>-NM above CT was significantly correlated with the difference in HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>between CT and exhaustion (r=0.929, p<0.01) and with the difference in arterial blood pH between rest and exhaustion (r=0.863, p<0.05) . However, NM-CO<SUB>2</SUB> was not significantly related to maximum ventilation (r=0.111, ns) . These results suggest that the estimation of non-metabolic CO<SUB>2</SUB> output during incremental exercise proposed in the present study is reliable. It was also suggested that the primary factor which influenced nonmetabolic CO<SUB>2</SUB> output during incremental exercise was the addition of H<SUP>+</SUP> into blood and not hyperventilation.

The relationship between endurance time and fatigue factors at varying intensities in handgrip isometric exercise / 体力科学

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between endurance time and fatigue factors at varying intensities of handgrip isometric exercise. Seven subjects performed isometric contractions at 10%, 30% and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) sustained to exhaustion. Continuous changes in high-energy phosphates and muscle oxygen content (oxy-Hb/Mb) in the forearm flexor muscle were measured by <SUP>31</SUP>P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<SUP>31</SUP>P-MRS) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), respectively. The endurance time to exhaustion was 963±236 (mean±S. D.), 209±41.9 and 95.3±13.6s at 10%, 30% and 50%MVC, respectively, From the onset of exercise at each %MVC, both PCr and oxy-Hb/Mb fell and Pi (H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>-) rose linearly with time, whereas intracellular pH remained relatively constant at resting values during the early phase. Thereafter, intracellular pH showed a linear decline. The rates of pH decline were 0.03±0.02, 0.22±0.14 and 0.51±0.17 pHunit/min, while the rates of H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>- increase were 20.9±19.3, 118±48.9 and 434±242 (% of resting) /min at 10%, 30% and 50%MVC, respectively. There were correlations between the changes in endurance times to exhaustion and the rates of pH decline (r= -0.58--0.87) and H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>- increase (r=-0.37--0.74, (n=7) ) at each intensity of exercise. In particular, significant correlations (p<0.05) between endurance time and the rate of pH decline were found at both 10% and 30%MVC. These results suggest that muscle fatigue (endurance time) at each intensity in handgrip isometric exercise is closely correlated with the rate of pH decline.

Effect of Acupuncture Stimulation to the Low Back on Blood Flow to the Sciatic Nerve Trunk in Rabbits / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Purpose] It is generally known that the acupuncture treatment to the low back is useful for lumbagoand lower limb pain. It is considered that improvement of blood flow to the muscle, connective tissue and/or nerve is associated with the effect of acpuncture. However, the effect of acupuncture on blood flow to the nerve has not clarified. So, this study was performed to clarify the effect of acupuncture on microcirculation in the sciatic nerve trunk.<BR>[Method] Twenty-nine rabbits (weighing 2.1 to 3.5kg) were used. The rabbits were anesthetized withpentobarbital sodium (30mg/kg, i.v.). Then, the sciatic nerve was exposed and an electrode for blood flow measurement was inserted in the interfascicular space. An catheter was inserted into the common carotid artery to measure blood pressure, and thermister thermometer was placed in the anus to monitor body temperature. Blood flow was measured 6 times every 15 min. by the H2 gas clearance method. In the stimulation groups, acupuncture needles were inserted 1 cm from interspinous process (between the vertebra lumbalis 3 and 4. : A group, and between the vertebra lumbalis 7 and vertebra sacralis 1. : B group). Acupuncture stimulation by the “sparrow pecking” was performed immediately before the third measurement and by the “retaining needle” for 15 min., then the needles were removed just before the fourth measurement.<BR>[Result] S In the stimulation groups (A and B groups), a significant increase in blood flow occurred afteracupuncture stimulation, compared to that in the control group. The increase in blood flow to the sciatic nerve in the stimulation groups was maintained until the final measurement. Arterial blood pressure and body temperature did not change. The changes in blood flow values from the second to the third measurement were -1.5 ± 0.4 (mean ± S.E, ) in the control group (n=10), +2.4 ± 1.2 in A group (n=11), and +4.0 ± 2.0 ml/min/100g in B group (n=8).<BR>[Discussion] Blood flow increased after acupuncture stimulation, although there was no change inarterial blood pressure. Therefore, the increment in blood flow seems to have been caused by vasodilation of the blood vessel in the sciatic nerve trunk due to a parasympathetic nerve response. However, because the interfascicular blood flow in the present study was measured, change in the intrafascicular blood flow is not clear. It is necessary to measure the intrafascicular blood flow in future.<BR>[Conclusion] As a result of this study, it was demonstrated that acupuncture stimulation near the vertebra lumbalis induced increased interfascicular blood flow to the sciatic nerve trunk. It was suggested that the increase in blood flow to the nerve is also associated with the effect of acupuncture treatment for lumbago and lower limb pain.

Effects of Moxibustion on the Gastric Blood Flow in Rabbits. Effects of Moxibustion Stimulation of the Crus (S 36 "zusanli") / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

To determine the effect of moxibustion on blood flow in the gastric wall, gastric blood flow was measured seven times by H² clearance method at 30 minute intervals in 14 anesthetized female rabbits. Moxibustion stimulation was performed 3 times at one acupuncture point on the left hindleg (S 36 zusanli) just before the third measurement.<br>The level of gastric blood flow was high during the initial measurement after induction of anesthesia, and then gradually decreased in both groups. In the control group (without moxibustion: n=6) the blood flow showed a continuous decrease, but in the stimulation group (n=8) it tended to increase momentarily by about 1.5ml·min^-1·100g^-1 at the third measurement (just after moxibustion) and 2.0ml·min^-1·100g^-1 at the fourth measurement, amounting to 22.7±2.4ml·min^-1·100g^-1 at the third measurement (control group: 18.9±1.9) and 23.2±2.9ml·min^-1·100g^-1 at the fourth measurement (control group: 18.0±2.2). The increase in the blood flow was observed in 5 of 8 cases in the stimulation group. However, there was no increase observed in the control group. The increased blood flow in the stimulation group began to gradually decrease, but the values remained higher than the values in the control group until the last measurement. Significant difference, p<0.05, was found between the changes in the blood flow in the two groups.<br>Since the increment of the blood flow after moxibustion was supposed to be due to the vasodilation, it is suggested that moxibustion may cause the dilation of the gastric blood vessels owing to excitation of the vagal nerve and/or inhibition of the splanchnic nerve.

The Study of Anatomical Attachment of the Extraocular Muscles following Recession with Hang-loose Technique in Rabbits

This study was designed to assess the postoperative status of the large-recessed superior rectus muscle using hang-loose technique(HLT) in rabbits. We also examined the histopathological featores of the muscles in HLT recession. The results were as follows: In HLT recession, anterior displacement of the muscles was noted in 16 of 20 eyes(80%) and the degree of anterior displacement increased in time to three months postoperatively. The average degree of displacement in 20 eyes was 1.1mm. The anterior margin of the muscle was parallel with limbus in 12 of 20 eyes(60%). In HLT recession, inflammation and foreign body reaction in the muscle decreased while fibrosis increased with time. Two weeks after HLT recession, adhesion between the muscle and the sclera was observed. Therefore, the authors thought that these findings should be considered in the clinical use of hang-loose technique.