Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is associated with a higher prevalence of HPV in the anorectal fistula tract. A comparative study

Abstract Background & Aims Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is the main risk factor for anal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Whether this occurs due to a higher frequency of human papillomavirus remains unclear. The authors aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and high-risk HPV in patients with perianal Crohn's disease, compared with a control group. Methods The authors conducted a two-center cross-sectional study in which perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease patients were matched for age and sex with patients with anorectal fistula without Crohn's disease. Biopsy specimens were obtained from fistulous tracts during examination under anesthesia for both groups. The samples were sent for HPV detection and genotyping using the INNO-LiPA test. Results A total of 108 subjects (54 in each group) were recruited. The perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease group showed a statistically higher frequency of HPV in the fistulous tract than the control group (33.3% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.046). Separate analyses on high-risk types demonstrated that there was a numerically higher frequency of HPV in the perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease group. In multiple logistic regression, patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease were found to have a chance of HPV 3.29 times higher than patients without Crohn's disease (OR = 3.29; 95% CI 1.20‒9.01), regardless of other variables. The types most frequently identified in the perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease group were HPV 11 (12.96%) and HPV 16 (9.26%). Conclusion Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease is associated with a higher prevalence of HPV than in patients with anorectal fistula without Crohn's disease.

Assessment of the Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus Infection Complications, Cervical Cancer and Vaccine among Students of Medical Sciences College at Taif University: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Cervical cancer incidence globally has beencorrelated to Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Knowledge of HPV is essential between medical sciencesstudents.Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of HPV, cervicalcancer and vaccine among medical sciences students at Taifuniversity.Methods: The cross-sectional study of a convenient sampleencompassed 110 students in medical sciences college at TaifUniversity, Taif, Saudi Arabia was conducted in June 2018. Aself-administrated questionnaire was distributed to all students.Answers are evaluated using Pearson’s Chi-square test. A pvalue=0.05 was considered significant.Results: More than 85% of the study group from both malesand females have a previous knowledge regarding HPV. Allstudents from different departments revealed significantknowledge about HPV. Students are also aware of cervicalcancer, HPV-vaccine availability, route of HPV transmission,Pap smear. 93.63% of the study group recommend includingHPV in premarital tests.

Expresión génica de ligandos mica, micb y ulbp (1-6) del receptor NKG2D de células natural killer y metaloproteinasas adam10, adam17 y mmp14 en lineas celulares de cáncer de cervical / Gene expression of mica, micb and ulbp (1-6) ligands of the NKG2D receptor of natural killer cells and metalloproteinases adam10, adam17 and mmp14 in cells lines of cervical cancer

RESUMEN El CCU es la segunda causa de muerte en mujeres de nuestro país. Dentro de los primeros mecanismos de defensa del hospedero se encuentra la respuesta inmune de las células NK y su función lítica a expensas de su receptor activador NKG2D, el cual posee como ligandos mica, micb y ulbp (1-6), los cuales se expresan en células transformadas y/o infectadas por virus. Uno de los mecanismos de evasión por parte de la célula tumoral es el clivaje de estas proteínas a través de metaloproteinasas como adam10, adam17 y mmp14. Se analizó la expresión de estos ligandos y metaloproteinasas mediante PCR tiempo real, en lineas celulares de referencia para cáncer cervical como HeLa (positiva para VPH-18) y C33A (negativa para VPH). Se obtuvieron valores representativos de expresion relativa genica con diferencias significativas asi: mmp14 en linea HeLa (p= 0.006); y mica y ulbp-3 en la linea C33A (p= 0.020 y p=0.003 respectivamente). Por lo tanto, se podría sugerir que la expresión de mmp14 se encuentra posiblemente involucrados con la presencia de VPH causante del cancer cervical y la respuesta inmunne innata desarrollada.

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in our country. Within the first host defense mechanisms is the immune response of NK cells and their lytic function at the expense of its NKG2D receptor activator which has as ligands mica, micb and ulbp (1-6), which are expressed in transformed cells and / or virally infected. One of the mechanisms of evasion by the tumor cell is the cleavage of these proteins through metalloproteinases as adam10, adam17 and mmp14. We analyzed the expression of these ligands and metalloproteinases by real time PCR, in reference to cell lines HeLa cervical cancer (positive for HPV-18) and C33A (negative for HPV). We obtained representing relative gene expression with significant differences from the other lines of study as follows: mmp14 in HeLa (p = 0.006); and mica and ulbp-3 in C33A (p = 0.020 and p = 0.003 respectively). Thus one might suggest that the expression of mmp14 is possible involved with HPV presence causing high risk of cervical cancer and innate inmunne response developed.

Considerações relacionadas ao diagnóstico e tratamento do papilomavírus humano (HPV) em cavidade oral / Considerations related to diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral cavity

O Papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um DNA vírus, não cultivável, pertencente à família Papillomaviridae, gênero Papillomavirus, espécie Human papillomavirus, que corresponde a uma das oito espécies incluídas no gênero. Pelo menos 150 subtipos diferentes de HPV já foram identificados, sendo que 25 têm sido detectados em lesões orais. Sua principal via de transmissão é a sexual, mas existe a possibilidade de transmissão por outras vias como: a sanguínea e canal do parto. Na mucosa oral, o HPV está relacionado com a patogênese de lesões verrucosas benignas (papiloma escamoso oral, verruga vulgar, condiloma acuminado e hiperplasia epitelial focal). O diagnóstico é dado pelo exame da lesão e confirmado pela biópsia. O tratamento, dependendo da lesão, pode ser clínico e/ou cirúrgico, obtendo a cura clínica, mas o vírus permanece no epitélio da mucosa mesmo após o tratamento. Para esta revisão, foi realizada busca bibliográfica sobre as manifestações orais associadas ao Papilomavírus Humano (HPV), seu diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia, por meio de busca de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados bibliográficos Scielo, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE e Bireme entre 1983 e 2015. Foram priorizadas as publicações em línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Considerando a relevância do tema para a melhor compreensão da infecção oral pelo HPV, o objetivo deste artigo é rever os aspectos de lesões orais associadas ao Papilomavírus humano, com ênfase nas características mais comumente encontradas e as possibilidades de diagnóstico e tratamento

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus, not cultivable, belonging to the family Papillomaviridae, genus Papillomavirus, Human papillomavirus type which corresponds to one of eight species included in the genus. At least 150 subtypes of HPV have been identified, of which 25 have been detected in oral lesions. The main route of transmission is sexual, but there is the possibility of transmission by other routes such as blood and birth canal. In the oral mucosa, HPV is related to the pathogenesis of benign warty lesions (papilloma oral squamous, verruca vulgaris, condyloma acuminata and focal epithelial hyperplasia). The diagnosis is given by the examination of the lesion and confirmed by biopsy. The treatment, depending on the lesion, may be clinical and/or surgical, but the virus remains in the mucosal epithelium even after treatment. For this review, literature search was performed about oral manifestations associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), its diagnosis, treatment and prevention, through search of scientific articles indexed in bibliographic databases Scielo, LILACS, PubMed / MEDLINE and Bireme between 1983 and 2015. Prioritized up publications in English and Portuguese. Considering the relevance of the theme to a better understanding of oral HPV infection, the aim of this article is to review aspects of oral lesions associated with human papillomavirus, with emphasis on the most commonly found characteristics and diagnostic and treatment options

Relationship Between Adeno-Associated Virus and High Risk Human Papilloma Viruses in Cervical Biopsies Using Microdissection Technique / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Adeno associated virus (AAV) is a human DNA virus and is included in the Parvovirus family. AAV has been detected in cervical tissues as well as cervical cancer cell lines. Previous studies showed that AAV infection has some negative effects on HPV infection and that the cervical cancer cell growth is inhibited by AAV infection. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of AAV 2 infection and its possible roles for influencing HPV 16 and 18 infection in Korean women by analyzing adjacent normal, CIN, and invasive cervical cancer tissue samples. METHODS: CIN I (20), CIN II (24), CIN III (25), invasive cervical cancer (23) tissues were investigated by microdissection and PCR analyses using primers of HPV 16, 18 and AAV 2 as well as beta- globin as an internal control. RESULTS: AAV 2 was detected in 57 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 55% (11/20), 95.8% (23/24), 52% (13/25) and 52.2% (12/23), respectively. However, HPV 16 was detected in 14 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 0% (0/20), 8.3% (2/24), 24% (6/25) and 26.1% (6/23), respectively. HPV 18 was detected in 3 out of 92 cervical lesion biopsies. Among these, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and invasive cancer showed 0% (0/20), 4.2% (1/24), 8% (2/25) and 0% (0/23), respectively. In contrast, In 92 perilesional normal biopsies, AAV 2, HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected to be 57.6% (53/92), 3.3% (3/92) and 0% (0/92), respectively. CONCLUSION: AAV 2 was detected in CIN and invasive cervical cancer biopsies by microdissection and PCR analyses in Korean women. It is difficult to confirm any significant roles of AAV 2 infection for developing cervical cancer. However, we observe that there is some correlation between AAV 2 and HPV infection in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Further research remains to be done to further elucidate AAV 2 infection and its role for HPV infection and cervical cancer.

Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermind Significances (AGUS) ; Histopathologic Results and the Significance of the HPV DNA Detection / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVES: AGUS often reflects an immediate cervical cancer precursor such as a HSIL mimicking an endocervical glandular lesion. In this study, we attempted to assess the clinical significance of a cytologic diagnosis of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) and determine the usefulness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing as the triage strategies in evaluating AGUS. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1998, 67,730 Papanicolaou smears were evaluated at Kangnam and Uijongbu St Mary's Hospital. There were 87 (0.13%) cases of AGUS smears during that time. Colposcopy was performed on all women, and HPV DNA testing was performed on 11 persons. RESULTS: Mean age of these patients was 45.8 years. Histologic diagnosis of AGUS were kolocytosis and CIN-I in 6 (6.9%), CIS in one, endometrial hyperplasia in 2 (2.3%), endometrial adenocarcinoma in 7 (8.0%), cervical adenocarcinoma in 14 (16.1%) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma in 2 (2.3%) cases. Endometriosis was 8.9% under 46 years old and none in over 46. CIN was 8.9% and 7.2%, respectively. Cervical adenocarcinoma was 6.7% under 46 and 19.1% over 46. Endometrial cancer was 4.4% and 11.9%, respectively. The risk of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer was high in the AGUS with

Clinical Implication and Evaluation and Management of Women with Low-Grade Cytologic Abnormality ( ASCUS/LSIL ) / 대한산부인과학회잡지

The evaluation of women with low-grade cytologic abnormalities including atypical cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is a topic of considerable controversy. Some women with low-grade cytologic abnormalities will have high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN II or III) or even invasive cancer. Now, it is almost universally accepted that the majority of invasive cervical cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia are associated with Human papillomavirus(HPV). Because of this, there has been increasing tendancy on using another triaging methods for evaluating women with a low grade abnormal Papanicolaou smear. Traditionally colposcopy was used and recently HPV DNA test and cervicography was widely used as a triaging methods. This study used the data gained from 151 evaluable women with ASCUS and LSIL in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University Medical College, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital from March 1995 to April 1996. 11,401 women had done cytology during this period and result was like this; 10,501 patients had normal cytology(92.1%), 244 patients had ASCUS(2.14%), 35 had AGCUS (atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance: 0.31%), 191 had LSIL(1.68%), 170 had HSIL(1.49%), and 160 had cervical cancers(1.41%). Patients with ASCUS were showed that CIN I WAS 5.6%(4/72), CIN II 4.2%(3/72) and CIN III 15.3%(11/72). Patients with LSIL were showed that CIN I was 5.1%(4/79), CIN II 7.6(6/79), CIN III 15.2%(12/79) and invasive cancer 7.6%(6/79). We adopted three management algorithms for evaluating women with ASCUS and LSIL. Three methods were like this; Colpscopy only or HPV DNA testing using hybrid capture which were used with DNAs extracted from the cerval swabs and tested with two pooled probes(probes containing HPV types of low oncogenic risk; 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44 or HPV types of high oncogenic risk; 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52 and 56) for HPV detection or both. We adopted only positive result with high risk HPV-probes in this article. At ASCUS group, sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% ad 32.5% in 62 women with colposcopy and 71.4%, 75% in 28 women with Hybrid Capture System. 27 women with colposcopy and Hybrid Capture System showed that sensitivity was 100%, and specificity was 26.3%. At LSIL group, sensitivity and specificity were 92.6% and 22.7% in 71 women with colposcopy and 69.2%, 65.4% in 39 women with Hybrid Capture System, 37 women with colposcopy and Hybrid Capture System showed that sensitivity was 91.7%, and specificity was 12%. Our result indicate that patients with smears showing some of ASCUS and LSIL are evaluated as CIN I, II, III and even invasive cancer. Therefore as a triage methods, the combination with colposcopy and HPV DNA test in women referred for low-grade abnormal cytology would be used as a sensitive methods for the detection of CINs. However, low -specificity of this combination approach was also considered as problem. This approach provides another information to differentiating ASCUS and LSIL into high- or low-risk group of progression.