Cardio-Physiological and Anthropometric Profile of Elite International Handball Players from Top Ranking Macedonian Teams / Perfil Cardiofisiológico y Antropométrico de Jugadores Internacionales de Balonmano de Élite de Equipos Macedonios de Primer Nivel

SUMMARY: Monitoring of body composition and cardiophysiological parameters are main part of the general health status of handball players and significant indicators of their physical fitness. The assessment of body components, especially skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass are important because of their influence on sport performance. The aim of this study is to determine the body composition and cardiophysiological characteristics of elite handball players from Republic of North Macedonia. 27 male HB players from two top ranking teams from RNM were tested ergometrically with Bruce protocol for determination of maximal oxygen consumption; body analysis was made with bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 720. Anthropometric parameters were as follows: mean height was 190.4±7.8 cm and weight 96.3±15.5 kg, skeletal muscle mass (SMM)=47.11±6.69 kg; BMI=26.38±3.1; BF%=15.04±6.01 and WHR=0.9±1.8. The result of ergometrical test produce mean VO2 max=43.92 ml/kg/min which is 100.46 % of reference value. The body composition of elite international handball players from the top handball teams in Republic of North Macedonia showed similar body components as other European handball players. The obesity diagnose parameters were negatively associated with exercise time and maximal oxygen consumption.

El seguimiento de la composición corporal y los parámetros cardiofisiológicos son una parte principal del estado de salud general de los jugadores de balonmano y son indicadores importantes de su condición física. La evaluación de los componentes corporales, especialmente la masa muscular esquelética y la masa grasa corporal, son importantes debido a su influencia en el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición corporal y las características cardiofisiológicas de jugadores de balonmano de élite de la República de Macedonia del Norte. Se evaluaron 27 jugadores masculinos de HB de dos equipos de primer nivel de RNM ergométricamente con el protocolo de Bruce para determinar el consumo máximo de oxígeno; el análisis corporal se realizó con el analizador de impedancia bioeléctrica InBody 720. Los parámetros antropométricos fueron los siguientes: talla media 190,4±7,8 cm y peso 96,3±15,5 kg, masa músculo esquelética (SMM)=47,11±6,69 kg; IMC=26,38±3,1; %GC=15,04±6,01 y RCC=0,9±1,8. El resultado de la prueba ergométrica produce un VO2 máximo medio = 43,92 ml/kg/ min, que es el 100,46 % del valor de referencia. La composición corporal de los jugadores de balonmano internacionales de élite de los mejores equipos de balonmano de la República de Macedonia del Norte mostró componentes corporales similares a los de otros jugadores de balonmano europeos. Los parámetros diagnósticos de obesidad se asociaron negativamente con el tiempo de ejercicio y el consumo máximo de oxígeno.

Effect of somatotype on the general physical fitness tests and throwing velocity on handball

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effects of the somatotype components on handball. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 elite junior handball players. Somatotype was evaluated using the Heath & Carter method. The kinetic performance trials of the handball athletes were running speed performance over 5 m 10 m and 20 m sprints, sit and reach, standing long jump (SLJ), ball velocity, and maximum aerobic power. For the data analyses, we used Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: The endomorphic component correlated positive with all three sprint times (5 m, 10 m και 30 m sprints) (r = 0.315, p = 0.014; r = 0.367, p = 0.004; r = 0.358, p = 0.005 respectively) while negative with SLJ (r = -0.418, p = 0.001) και maximum aerobic power (r = -0.322, p = 0.012). The mesomorphic component had a positive correlation with ball velocity (r = 0.260, p = 0.045) and negative relation with SLJ (r = -0.261, p = 0.044). The ectomorphic component exhibited a negative correlation only with ball velocity (r = -0.260, p = 0.045). The ordinary least square regression models found that endomorphy and ectomorphy were prognostic factors and predicted worse performance in all of the examined motor performance indices except ball velocity and 5 m sprint, while mesomorphy was a predictor of worse performance in SLJ. Conclusions: In conclusion, according to the findings of this study, somatotype components play an important role in performance-related parameters.

Anthropometric, Physical Fitness And Kinematics Analysis Of The Jump Shot Of Female Handball Players - A Case Study Of The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Background: This study was designed in two poles, 1st to examine the kinematic parameters of the handball jump shot and 2nd to compare the anthropometric, and physical fitness of novice and skilled female handball players of the university level. Methods: This study design was cross-sectional, and a purposive sampling method was adopted for selecting the participants. The sample consisted of (n = 20) novice, and (n = 20) university female handball players. The selected variables were standing broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, 30-m dash, agility, stride length, stature, body mass, arm length, upper arm girth, leg length, chest girth, waist girth, hip girth, thigh girth, calf girth, hand length, handbreadth and shoulder breadth, pelvic breadth, transverse breadth, elbow and knee breadth, handgrip and arm span, left and right knee angle, left and right elbow angle. An Independent t-test was applied to examine differences between skilled and novice players in kinematics and anthropometric variables. Results: Results showed the skilled female players were significantly higher than the novice players in the following as right elbow angle at the start of movement (<. 03), left elbow angle at the start of movement (<. 00), right knee angle at the start of movements (< .03), stride length at release (< .01), 30-meter dash (< .04), handgrip strength(< .02), agility (< .03), forearm girth (< .03), thigh girth (< . 03) and arm span (< .04). Conclusion: It was concluded the higher angle of elbows, right knee along with more prolonged stride increase the movement capacity of skilled female handball player while attempting the jump shots than novice female players. On the other hand, the anthropometric and fitness measures as arm span, thigh girth, running speed, handgrip strength, and agility increase the performance of skilled players than the novice. The female handball coaches may enhance the performance of novice players by focusing on the specific training of extension and flexion of elbows and stride movement as well as enhancing the physical fitness of female handball players. Future studies would focus on the training of handball players to increase the jump shot performance of players.

Study of Flexibility, Agility and Reaction Time in Handball Players.

Handball is a very versatile game which is played very rarely and recently in India. The study was carried out in 30 male handball players aged between 15 to 25 yrs and 30 age matched controls. Flexibility was assessed using Sit and Reach test and Goniometry; Agility using Burpee’s squat test, Side Step test, Quadrant Jump test and Reaction time using electronic instruments. Data was analyzed using Unpaired T Test. It was observed that flexibility, agility was significantly more and reaction time was significantly less in handball players as compared to their age matched controls. However, these handball players lag far behind when compared with international handball players. So it was concluded that players with more flexibility, agility and less reaction time are at advantage for handball.

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHOULDER'S FUNCTION AND DAMAGE FOR HANDBALL PLAYERS / 体力科学

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between shoulder's function and damage for handball players. Subjects were nine female handball players with dominant shoulder pain.[Methods] Clinical diagnosis was done from the medical doctor's opinion and MRI. Then, the shoulder joint movement was measured with X rays.[Results] Most of them had admitted a lot the impingement syndrome and the subacromial bursitis. The trunk rotation angle at zero-positions was significantly larger in the symptomatic shoulder (dominant shoulder) than in the asymptomatic shoulder (nondominant shoulder). That is, it was obvious that the damage of the shoulder changed tilting angle of scapula medially.[Conclusion] It is reported that the damage of the shoulder causes abnormality to the “scapulohumeral rhythm” by the previous research. But, these results, suggested to need to understand not only “scapulohumeral rhythm” but also movement to the position of the scapula, when the shoulder joint function was observed for the handball player mainly composed of throwing motion.