Efecto cicatrizante en incisiones periodontales por extracto hidroalcohólico de Morinda citrifolia / Healing effect on periodontal incisions by hydroalcoholic extract of Morinda citrifolia / Efeito cicatrizante do extrato hidroalcoólico de Morinda citrifolia em incisões periodontais

Los tratamientos periodontales implican cortes y sangrado de la mucosa gingival; la Morinda citrifolia, específicamente sobre los fragmentos encargados de la cicatrización (plaquetas), tiene un efecto más significativo en los procesos curativos de las lesiones. Objetivo. Identificar el potencial cicatrizante de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de Morinda citrifolia (noni peruano) en los procesos regenerativos de las incisiones periodontales al 70% a diversas concentraciones (1%; 5; y 10%) y su efecto coadyuvante acelerador en la vía oral como curación de tejidos. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó una investigación aplicada, bajo el diseño experimental. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio previo para el análisis farmacognóstico, porcentaje de humedad, pruebas de solubilidad y el análisis fitoquímico cualitativo para garantizar que el análisis farmacológico y la prueba experimental se completaran adecuadamente. Se administraron dosis a cinco ratas albinas macho Holtzman divididas en cuatro grupos a los cuales se les aplicó las concentraciones en cantidades de 0,5 ml dos veces al día en la incisión, la cual se evaluó durante siete días para obtener parámetros específicos, como infección, tono de piel gingival, cierre de heridas, reducción del tamaño de la incisión y porcentaje de curación. Resultados. Indicaron que todos los grupos que se le suministró el extracto hidroalcohólico al 70% en varias concentraciones mejoró su actividad curativa al reducir el tamaño de la incisión en la encía al séptimo día, donde resultó que la mejor concentración fue del 5% en comparación con las otras concentraciones (1% y 10%). Investigación que indica la eficacia de la Morinda citrifolia peruana como acelerador del proceso de curación en la terapia periodontal.

Periodontal treatments involve cuts and bleeding of the gingival mucosa; Morinda citrifolia, specifically on the fragments in charge of healing (platelets), has a more significant effect on the healing processes of the lesions. Objective. To identify the healing potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of Morinda citrifolia (Peruvian noni) in the regenerative processes of periodontal incisions at 70% at various concentrations (1%; 5; and 10%) and its accelerating coadjuvant effect in the oral route as tissue healing. Materials and Methods. An applied research was carried out under an experimental design. For this purpose, a previous study was carried out for pharmacognostic analysis, moisture percentage, solubility tests and qualitative phytochemical analysis to ensure that the pharmacological analysis and experimental test were properly completed. Doses were administered to five male Holtzman albino rats divided into four groups to which the concentrations were applied in 0.5 ml amounts twice daily to the incision, which was evaluated for seven days for specific parameters, such as infection, gingival skin tone, wound closure, incision size reduction and percentage healing. Results. They indicated that all groups that were given the 70% hydroalcoholic extract in various concentrations improved their healing activity by reducing the size of the gingival incision on the seventh day, where it turned out that the best concentration was 5% compared to the other concentrations (1% and 10%). Conclusion. Research indicating the efficacy of Peruvian Morinda citrifolia as an accelerator of the healing process in periodontal therapy.

Os tratamentos periodontais envolvem corte e sangramento da mucosa gengival; a Morinda citrifolia, especificamente sobre os fragmentos responsáveis pela cicatrização (plaquetas), tem um efeito mais significativo nos processos de cicatrização das lesões. Objetivo. Identificar o potencial cicatrizante de extratos hidroalcoólicos de Morinda citrifolia (noni peruano) nos processos regenerativos de incisões periodontais a 70% em diversas concentrações (1%; 5; e 10%) e seu efeito coadjuvante acelerador na via oral como cicatrizante tecidual. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa aplicada sob um desenho experimental. Para esse fim, foi realizado um pré-estudo para análise farmacognóstica, porcentagem de umidade, testes de solubilidade e análise fitoquímica qualitativa para garantir que a análise farmacológica e o teste experimental fossem adequadamente concluídos. Cinco ratos albinos Holtzman machos divididos em quatro grupos foram dosados e as concentrações foram aplicadas em quantidades de 0,5 ml duas vezes ao dia na incisão, que foi avaliada por sete dias quanto a parâmetros específicos, como infecção, tônus gengivais da pele, fechamento da ferida, redução do tamanho da incisão e porcentagem de cicatrização. Resultados. Eles indicaram que todos os grupos que receberam extrato hidroalcoólico a 70% em várias concentrações melhoraram sua atividade de cicatrização ao reduzir o tamanho da incisão gengival no sétimo dia, sendo que a melhor concentração foi de 5% em comparação com as outras concentrações (1% e 10%). Conclusão. A pesquisa indica a eficácia da Morinda citrifolia peruana como um acelerador do processo de cicatrização na terapia periodontal.

Actividad citostática, citotóxica, antibacteriana y cicatrizante de extractos de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (pino macho) / Cytostatic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and healing activity of extracts from Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (male pine)

INTRODUCCIÓN: el follaje de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) presenta una variada composición química y es una planta forestal de abundancia en Cuba, que puede ser utilizada para la obtención de productos con actividad biológica, proporciona beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto citostático, citotóxico, antibacteriano y cicatrizante de cuatro extractos obtenidos del follaje verde de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) (pino macho). MÉTODOS: se determinó el efecto citostático mediante el ensayo de inhibición de la germinación de semillas de Solanum lycopersicum. La toxicidad se evaluó mediante el ensayo de letalidad frente a Artemia salina. La actividad antibacteriana se determinó in vitro mediante la técnica de Difusión en Agar por la aparición de halos de inhibición frente a tres cepas de microorganismos patógenos. El efecto cicatrizante se evaluó en un modelo in vivo en heridas abiertas en ratas. RESULTADOS: los resultados del presente trabajo indican que tres de los extractos evaluados mostraron toxicidad en ambos ensayos, donde Clorofilina de sodio constituyó la fracción más promisoria. Los extractos sin diluir de Pasta Clorofila Caroteno y Concentrado provitamínico mostraron actividad frente a Staphylococcus aureus, con valores que se encuentran en el límite mínimo que se considera con actividad antimicrobiana. Se comprobó el efecto cicatrizante de la Pasta Clorofila Caroteno a una dosis de 150 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados demostraron la actividad citostática y citotóxica de tres de los extractos evaluados. Los extractos de Pasta Clorofila Caroteno y Concentrado provitamínico mostraron actividad antibacteriana frente a Staphylococcus aureus y se demostró el efecto favorable de la Pasta Clorofila Caroteno en el proceso de curación de heridas abiertas, comparable a los efectos de medicamentos desarrollados con Rhizophora mangle L.

INTRODUCTION: Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) foliage has a varied chemical composition and it is an abundant forest plant in Cuba, which can be used for the production of biological active products, it provides economic, social and environmental benefits. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the cytostatic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and healing effect of four extracts obtained from green foliage of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea (Barret y Golfari) (male pine). METHODS: the cytostatic effect was determined using inhibition of germination of Solanum Lycopersicum seeds test. Toxicity was evaluated using Artemia salina lethality test. The antibacterial activity was determined in vitro using diffusion in agar technique by the appearance of inhibition halos against three strains of pathogenic microorganisms. The healing effect was evaluated performing an in vivo rat model in open wounds. RESULTS: the results of this study indicate that three of the tested extracts showed toxicity in both assays, where FI fraction was the most promising. Undiluted extracts of PCC and F-III showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with values considered in the lower limit for antimicrobial activity. The healing effect of the Carotene Chlorophyll Paste to a dose of 150 mg/mL was found. CONCLUSIONS: the results demonstrated cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of three extracts evaluated. Extracts of Carotene Chlorophyll Caste and Provitamin Concentrate showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the favorable effect of the Carotene Chlorophyll Paste in the healing process of open wounds was demonstrated, comparable to the effect of drugs developed with Rhizophora mangle L.

Gastric antiulcer and antiinflammatory activities of Calotropis procera stem bark

In recent years, a widespread search has been launched to identify new antiinflammatory and antiulcer-drugs from natural sources. The study was aimed at evaluating the antiinflammatory and antiulcer activity of chloroform extract (CH) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of the stem bark of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton, Apocynaceae, obtained successively by cold maceration. The antiinflammatory effect of the CH and HE extracts of the stem bark of the C. procera against carrageenan-induced paw oedema and also its antiulcer activity by using two acute models: Aspirin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and ethanol (96 percent, 1 mL/200 g) in albino rats have been studied and found to be significant at 200 and 400 mg/kg when compared to the standard drugs. As a part of investigations to obtain compounds with antiinflammatory and antiulcer activity in this work, a bioassay was carried out with fractions obtained from chloroform extract with n-hexane (NF1), 1-butanol (BF1), ethyl acetate (EF1) and chloroform (CF1). The hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of the stem bark was fractionated with n-hexane (NF2), 1-butanol (BF2), ethyl acetate (EF2), chloroform (CF2) and water (WF2). The fractions were freeze-dried and evaluated for its antiinflammatory and antiulcer activity. Fractions NF1, CF1, BF2 and EF2 (20 mg/kg) showed significant antiinflammatory and antiulcer activity. The results obtained for antiulcer activity were also supported well by the histopathological examination of the open excised rat stomach. Further experiments are underway to determine which phytoconstituents are involved in antiinflammatory and antiulcer activities as well as mechanisms involved in gastroprotection.

Efecto cicatrizante de las diferentes formas farmacéuticas tópicas elaboradas con el extracto hidroalcohólico de juglans neotropica diels nogal en ratones albinos / Healing effect of different topic presentations formulated with hydroalcoholic extract of juglans neotropica diels nogal in albino mice

Introducción: el nogal (Juglans neotropica Diels) crece en valles de tierras profundas y arenosas, de clima templado y lluvioso, en zonas como Cusco, Arequipa y Cajamarca. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto cicatrizante de diferentes formas farmacéuticas de aplicación tópica elaboradas con el extracto hidroalcohólico de Juglans neotropica Diels en ratones albinos. Material y métodos: se usaron hojas recolectadas en la localidad de Urubamba. Se realizaron cortes de 1cm2 en el área dorsal escapular de ratones, a quienes en una primera fase del estudio se les aplicó el extracto a diferentes concentraciones (2.5%-40%), durante 21 días, luego de lo cual fueron sacrificados e inmediatamente se realizó la prueba del tensiómetro propuesto por Vaisberg. En la segunda fase, se formularon cinco formas farmacéuticas tópicas (pomada, emulsión agua en aceite (A/O), emulsión aceite en agua (O/A), pasta e hidrogel) las que se evaluaron según prueba del tensiómetro, en comparación al fármaco patrón (Cicatrin®). Resultados: la concentración mínima efectiva cicatrizante fue de 5%, encontrándose una relación concentración-cicatrización en el rango de 2.5% a 30% y una relación formulación-cicatrización, pues las presentaciones en emulsión O/A e hidrogel obtuvieron mayor resistencia a la fuerza de tensión, incluso mayor a la del fármaco patrón. Los resultados fueron corroborados con el estudio histológico. Conclusión: tanto el extracto hidroalcohólico al 5% como las formas farmacéuticas de emulsión O/A e hidrogel presentanro muy buena actividad cicatrizante.

Background: walnut (Juglans neotropica Diels) grows in deep valleys and sandy land, in temperate and rainy weather, in areas such as Cusco, Arequipa and Cajamarca. The objective was to determine the healing effect of different pharmaceutical presentations and concentrations for topical application from the hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans neotropica Diels in albino mice. Methods: we used leaves collected in the town of Urubamba. 1cm2 cuts were made in the dorsal scapular area of mice, who in the first phase of the study were administered the extract at different concentrations (2.5-40%) for 21 days, after which they were sacrificed and immediately performed the tensiometer test proposed by Vaisberg. In the second phase five topical dosage forms (ointment, water in oil (W/O) emulsion, oil in water (O/W) emulsion, pasta and hydrogel) were evaluated by tensiometer test, and assessed the effect of these forms compared with standard drug (Cicatrin®). Results: minimal effective healing concentration was 5%, with a concentration-healing effect relationship in the range of 2.5% to 30% and a presentation-healing effect relationship, since the O/A emulsion and hydrogel were more resistant to tensile strength, even higher than the standard drug. Results were corroborated by histology. Conclusion: both hydroalcoholic extract at 5% and pharmaceutical presentations O/W emulsion and hydrogel have a good healing activity.

Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing After Treatment with Gatifloxacin with or Without Benzalkonium Chloride in Rabbits

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the effect of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin on epithelial healing and penetration into the aqueous humor following corneal epithelial removal. The administered drugs were Zymar(TM) and Gatiflo(R), which differ from each other by the presence of benzalkonium chloride. METHODS: Eighteen eyes of nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to receive either Zymar(TM) or Gatiflo(R) following anterior keratectomy with a diameter of 6.0 mm. Eyes were dosed with either antibiotic according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval; specifically, Zymar(TM) and Gatiflo(R) were dosed every two hours for the first two days and then four times daily for the following five days. Starting from postoperative day 0, photos were taken daily to measure the area of the residual epithelial defects. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed to determine the drug concentration at postoperative days 1, 2, and 7. RESULTS: The mean healing times after Zymar(TM) and Gatiflo(R) treatment were 3.0+/-0.71 and 3.2+/-0.84 days, respectively (P=0.813). No statistically significant differences in the mean healing time and the mean area of the healed corneal wound were noted between the two groups. No difference in anterior chamber concentration was observed between the two groups at postoperative day 7 (P=0.362). CONCLUSIONS: Although the two drugs differ in that on drug has preservatives, no significant differences were found in the epithelial healing effect or anterior chamber concentration after short-term dosing for 1 week in this trial.