Internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária à saúde: associação com a cobertura da atenção primária, 2015 ­ 2021 / Hospitalization for sensitive conditions in primary care: association with primary health care support, 2015-2021 / Hospitalizaciones por afecciones sensibles a la atención primaria: asociación con la cobertura de atención primaria, 2015 ­ 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar as tendências e associações relacionadas as coberturas e internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária à saúde no município de Fortaleza/Ceará/Brasil, no período de 2015 a 2021. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados secundários (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde, E- gestor atenção básica e o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para as associações. Resultados: Foram registrados 176.330 internações por condições sensíveis, totalizando 8 principais, correspondendo a 78.5% do total. Obteve-se correlação inversa significativa entre a cobertura de atenção primária e internações por condições sensíveis: r=-0.86, (IC95%: -0.91/-0.61); p<0.001, bem como uma correlação moderada com cobertura de agente comunitário e internações (r=-0.59 (IC95%: -0.68/-0.54); p<0.001) Conclusão: O aumento das internações por condições sensíveis está diretamente relacionado com a cobertura da atenção primária. Além disso, enfrenta-se uma dupla carga de doenças, coexistindo as doenças infecciosas/parasitárias em concomitância com as crônicas.

Objective: To assess trends and associations related to coverage and hospitalizations for conditions sensitive to primary health care in the city of Fortaleza/Ceará/Brazil, from 2015 to 2021. Methods: Cross-sectional study with secondary data (Hospital Information System of the National Unified Health System, E- manager for primary care and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure associations. Results: 176,330 hospitalizations for sensitive conditions were recorded, totaling 8 main ones, corresponding to 78.5% of the total. A significant inverse correlation was obtained between primary care coverage and hospitalizations for sensitive conditions: r=-0.86, (95%CI: -0.91/-0.61); p<0.001, as well as a moderate correlation with community agent coverage and hospitalizations (r=-0.59 (95%CI: -0.68/-0.54); p<0.001) Conclusion: The increase in hospitalizations for sensitive conditions is directly associated to the primary care coverage. In addition, there is a double burden of disease, with infectious/parasitic diseases coexisting with chronic ones.

Evaluar las tendencias y asociaciones relacionadas con la cobertura y hospitalizaciones por condiciones sensibles a la atención primaria de salud en la ciudad de Fortaleza/Ceará/Brasil de 2015 a 2021. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos secundarios (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde, E-gestor atenção básica e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística). Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para las asociaciones. Resultados: Hubo 176.330 hospitalizaciones por condiciones sensibles, totalizando 8 condiciones principales, correspondiendo a 78,5% del total. Se obtuvo una correlación inversa significativa entre la cobertura de atención primaria y las hospitalizaciones por afecciones sensibles: r=- 0,86, (IC 95%: -0,91/-0,61); p<0,001, así como una correlación moderada con la cobertura de agentes comunitarios y las hospitalizaciones (r=-0,59 (IC 95%: -0,68/-0,54); p<0,001) Conclusión: El aumento de las hospitalizaciones por afecciones sensibles está directamente relacionado con la cobertura de atención primaria. Además, se enfrenta a una doble carga de enfermedad, coexistiendo enfermedades infecciosas/parasitarias en concomitancia con enfermedades crónicas.

Evaluation of toxoplasmosis risk factors and seroprevalence rates in the elderly

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, whose definitive hosts are cats and whose intermediate hosts include humans.This research aims to evaluate aspects related to seroprevalence rates of anti-T. gondii antibodies among elderly users of the Primary Health Care Service in the municipality of Aparecida de Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. A total of 101 elderly people participated in the study, and a questionnaire was applied to examine sociodemographic factors related to risk factors for toxoplasmosis. Five mL of peripheral blood were collected from all the participants for serological tests. IgM and IgG antibody screening was performed using ELISA. The average age of the participants was 69.5 years, the seroprevalence rate was 75.2% (76/101) of reactive IgG, and 24.8% (25/101) were non-reactive. IgM and IgG antibodies were found in 2.9% (3/101) of the participants. An IgG avidity test was performed, which revealed that the antibodies in the three samples were of low avidity, thus indicating that these individuals were in the acute phase of the infection. It was suggested that, in terms of socioeconomic conditions, an income of one to three monthly minimum salaries is the predominant risk factor for toxoplasmosis in this group.

Caracterización epidemiológica de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en el Hospital Obrero N°2 de la CNS, Regional Cochabamba, Bolivia / Epidemiological characterization of infections associated with health care in the Hospital Obrero N °2 of the CNS, regional Cochabamba, Bolivia

INTRODUCCIÓN: es importante investigar el comportamiento de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud porque representan un problema de salud pública7, por ser la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad, así como de la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria y del elevado costo del tratamiento. OBJETIVO: caracterizar el comportamiento epidemiológico de las IAAS en el hospital Obrero N° 2 de la CNS en la Regional Cochabamba en la gestión 2015. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 40 pacientes de todas las edades, los datos fueron obtenidos de 126 fichas epidemiológicas y procesadas mediante el programa estadístico EpiInfo-versión 6.0. RESULTADOS: en la serie predominaron los lactantes, el uso previo de antimicrobianos, así como las infecciones en las vías respiratorias. CONCLUSIONES: asimismo, los servicios de Respiratorio y de Terapia Intensiva, resultaron ser los de mayor incidencia y tasa de infección, respectivamente.

INTRODUCTION: it is important to investigate the behavior of infections associated with health care because they represent a public health problem, as it is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, as well as the length of hospital stay and the high cost of treatment. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the epidemiological behavior of IAAS at the Obrero Hospital No. 2 of the CNS in the Cochabamba Regional Management. METHOD: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 patients of all ages, data were obtained from 126 Epidemiological records and processed by the statistical program EpiInfo-version 6.0t. RESULTS: in the series predominated infants, previous use of antimicrobials, as well as infections in the respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS: also, Respiratory and Intensive Care services, were the ones with the highest incidence and rate of infection, respectively.

Building the National University of Colombia Hospital: Reconciling social and academic aspects / Construyendo el Hospital de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: conciliando lo social y lo académico

In the process of building the National University Hospital, an analysis of the changing epidemiological profile of the population of Bogotá was undertaken, which examined the health care needs of the city, the academic needs of the university and institutional possibilities. It was made an analysis of the demographic and epidemiological profile of the population of Bogotá. It was concluded that there were factors associated with the epidemiological transition of aging, such as a low availability of health services for the elderly and diseases related to that care. Just as in the university, the hospital needs to develop all aspects of patient care to be able to adequately respond to the needs of this demographic from an interdisciplinary perspective, ensuring quality care based on the criteria of timeliness, accessibility, relevance, sufficiency, and continuity. A proposal is outlined concluding that the first phase of the portfolio of services that the University Hospital offers must be geared towards geriatric care and chronic illnesses, due to the aging of the general population as a result of a decline in fertility and mortality. This care would cater towards so-called permanent conditions that result in disability, or not easily reversible physiopathological conditions that require long-term care, as well as special training in secondary prevention and rehabilitation for the patient and the family.

En la construcción del hospital de la Universidad Nacional se presenta un análisis del cambio del perfil epidemiológico de la población de Bogotá, el cual se compara con las necesidades en prestación de servicios de salud de la ciudad, las necesidades académicas de la universidad y las posibilidades institucionales. Se realizó un análisis de la situación demográfica y epidemiológica de la población de Bogotá. Se destaca que, en la ciudad, concurren fenómenos de transición epidemiológica, con una muy baja oferta de servicios de salud para adulto mayor y para atención de las patologías relacionadas con este fenómeno. De forma paralela que la Universidad, en sus procesos de formación, tiene necesidades de desarrollo en todos los campos de atención, siendo posible priorizar la respuesta a este grupo poblacional desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, garantizando criterios de oportunidad, accesibilidad, pertinencia, suficiencia y continuidad. Se estructura una propuesta en la se concluye que en su primera fase el portafolio de servicios del Hospital Universitario debe estar orientado a la atención del envejecimiento y las enfermedades crónicas de la población, entendidos como el aumento de la proporción poblacional de adultos mayores, como resultado de la disminución de la fecundidad y la mortalidad y como la presencia de patologías que se caracterizan por ser permanentes, presentar algún nivel de discapacidad, evidenciar una alteración fisiopatológica escasamente reversible y requerir un periodo relativamente extenso de atención, así como niveles de entrenamiento especial del paciente y su familia con fines de prevención secundaria y rehabilitación.