Gingivitis in children with down syndrome: Review of local and systemic factors

Objective@#To describe various local and systemic factors as the cause of gingivitis and to find out the main etiological factors of gingivitis in children with DS.@*Methods@#We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for Indonesian and English references either in the form of textbook, research results, reviews, and internet articles on the topic. We screened and selected the relevant articles for inclusion into the review. @*Results@#In children with DS, apart from poor oral hygiene, the increasing incidence of gingivitis is caused by changes in other local factors related to systemic factors, such as oral dysfunction, dental and gingival abnormalities, changes in the oral microbial profile, and salivary characteristics. Furthermore, systemic immunodeficiency, changes in inflammatory mediators and proteolytic enzymes, and intellectual subnormality are considered as systemic factors.@*Conclusion@#There is no main etiological factor of gingivitis in children with DS since various local and systemic factors are interrelated with each other causing gingivitis. The severity of gingivitis in children with DS presumably were caused by the systemic factors. Furthermore, good oral hygiene habits and the dentist's intervention in periodontal health can significantly reduce gingivitis in DS patients.

Agenda 2030 en Argentina: percepciones de expertos en salud, comparación con expertos de Brasil y primeros impactos de la pandemia COVID-19 / Agenda 2030 in Argentina: perceptions of health experts, comparison with the perceptions of Brazilian experts and the first impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Resumen La Agenda 2030, una estrategia de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) para promover un desarrollo humano global y sostenible capaz de satisfacer necesidades sociales básicas, aún se encuentra en sus etapas iniciales en la mayoría de los países de América del Sur. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo consultar a un grupo de expertos en salud sobre las posibilidades de Argentina de cumplir con la Agenda 2030, en especial las metas del ODS3-Salud y Bienestar-, a su vez que se les consultó sobre los obstáculos, desafíos y recomendaciones de políticas para cumplir con las metas. El cambio de gestión del gobierno en diciembre de 2019, y el surgimiento de la pandemia COVID19 en el presente año, amplió la investigación incorporando el análisis del actual Ministro de Salud de la Nación sobre la Agenda 2030, el estudio realizado y las perspectivas actuales en el periodo de la pandemia. Los resultados fueron analizados en perspectiva comparada con un estudio brasilero, y mostraron que la mayoría de los expertos coincide en el bajo potencial del país para cumplir con las metas de la Agenda 2030. Sin embargo en el análisis del nuevo Ministro de salud surgen "las paradojas de la pandemia" que refieren a la oportunidad de fortalecer el sistema sanitario producto de la pandemia COVID-19.

Abstract The 2030 Agenda - a strategy of the United Nations Organization (UN) to promote global and sustainable human development capable of satisfying basic social needs - is still in the initial stages in most of the countries of South America. The scope of this investigation was to consult a group of health experts on the possibilities of Argentina fulfilling the 2030 Agenda, especially the goals of ODS3 - Health and Wellbeing - when they were consulted on obstacles, challenges, and policy recommendations to meet the goals. The change of management of the government in December 2019, and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, broadened the investigation incorporating the analysis of the incumbent Minister of Health of the Nation on the 2030 Agenda, the study carried out and the current perspectives in the pandemic period. The results were analyzed from a comparative standpoint with a Brazilian study, which revealed that most experts agree on the country's potential to meet the goals of the 2030 Agenda. However, in the analysis of the new Minister of Health, there are "the paradoxes of the pandemic" that relate to the opportunity to empower the health system pursuant to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Compressor Fishing Practices among Fisher-divers of Lampirong (Placuna placenta) and their Associated Health Risks in a Coastal Municipality in Panay, Philippines

@#<p><strong>Background:</strong> Compressor fishing is a strategy adopted by small-scale artisanal fishers of coastal communities in Panay, Western Visayas. The practice persists among subsistence Lampirong fisher-divers whose livelihood depends on seasonal fishing. Placuna placenta known locally as Lampirong, is valued for its shells, which are made into shell craft like the famous capiz window. Related studies which examined traditional diving practices and compressor fishing identified risk factors such as inappropriate dive training and use of unsuitable diving gears.<br /><strong>Objective:</strong> The study aimed to investigate the plight and health risks associated with common malpractices among Lampirong fisher-divers who utilize the compressor fishing strategy.<br /><strong>Methodology:</strong> In this ethnographic study, five (5) Lampirong fisher-divers narrated the health risks and managing practices that they have adapted to survive compressor fishing. Primary data from field observation and interviews with the fisher-divers as well as secondary data from related studies were utilized for comparison and analysis. Considering the health risks that compressor fishing poses to fisher-divers, this study attempted a reflexive position drawing from the principle of ecological public health.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The health risks of compressor fishing are known to fisher-divers, thus, they have developed managing practices which include observance of certain clear-cut rules (the do's and don'ts) to ensure underwater survival. Improvised diving gears are worn but barely protect the Lampirong fisher-divers from decompression illness or sickness. Related studies validated these symptoms such as nose bleed, dull pain in the ears, blood dripping from the ears, headache, and physical fatigue from prolonged dives. They rationalized the practice of Lampirong compressor fishing as a means to bring food to the table for families in fishing communities.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> While the Philippine law prohibits or regulates compressor fishing, there is still a need for a policy or program that will address the health risks caused by compressor fishing.</p>