Utilización de anticonceptivos en población migrante: el caso de las gestantes migrantes venezolanas en dos ciudades receptoras de la costa norte de Colombia / Contraceptive use in the migrant population: the case of pregnant Venezuelan migrants in two receiving cities on the north coast of Colombia / Uso de anticoncepcionais em população migrante: O caso das gestantes migrantes venezuelanas em duas cidades receptoras do litoral norte da Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la utilización de métodos anticonceptivos de gestantes migrantes venezolanas, en dos ciudades de la costa norte de Colombia (Barranquilla y Riohacha), entre 2018 y 2019. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Las participantes se seleccionaron mediante muestreo sistemático en hospitales y muestreo en bola de nieve en la comunidad. Un cuestionario estandarizado permitió la recolección de variables sociodemográficas, de migración, de uso de anticonceptivos, entre otras. Resultados: Fueron encuestadas 552 mujeres gestantes provenientes de Venezuela, principalmente jóvenes, casadas o en unión libre; la minoría de los embarazos fueron planificados (37,7 %), aun cuando las mujeres conocían sobre métodos de anticoncepción. El preservativo (condón) y la píldora fueron los métodos más conocidos (94,7 y 96,1 %, respectivamente). Conclusión: Casi todas las mujeres conocen métodos anticonceptivos y los lugares dónde obtenerlos; no obstante, solo la mitad logró conseguirlos la última vez que los buscó; así, la mayoría de los embarazos fueron no planificados. La garantía de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, incluyendo la satisfacción de necesidades de planificación familiar, debe ser una prioridad en las acciones de atención a la población migrante, en el marco del fenómeno migratorio colombo-venezolano.

Abstract Objective: To describe the use of contraceptive methods by pregnant Venezuelan migrants in two cities on the north coast of Colombia (Barranquilla and Riohacha), between 2018 and 2019. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed. Participants were selected through systematic sampling in hospitals and snowball sampling in the community. A standardized questionnaire allowed the sociodemographic, migration, contraceptive use and other variables to be collected. Results: 552 pregnant, mainly young, women from Venezuela who are married or living with their partner were surveyed. The minority of pregnancies were planned (37.7%), even though the women knew about contraception methods. The condom and the pill were the most well-known methods (94.7 and 96.1%, respectively). Conclusion: Nearly all of the women knew about birth control and where it can be accessed. However, only half managed to get them the last time they looked for them, meaning that most of the pregnancies were unplanned. Guaranteed sexual and reproductive rights, including satisfactory family planning requirements, must be a priority in actions aimed at the migrant population, within the framework of the Colombian-Venezuelan migratory phenomenon.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o uso de métodos anticoncepcionais de gestantes migrantes venezuelanas, em duas cidades do litoral norte da Colômbia (Barranquilla e Riohacha), entre 2018 e 2019. Metodologia: Foi desenhado um estudo de corte transversal descritivo. As participantes foram selecionadas através de uma amostragem sistemática em hospitais e amostragem em bola de neve feita na comunidade. Um questionário padrão permitiu a coleta de variáveis sócio demográficas, de informação relacionada à migração, ao uso de anticoncepcionais, entre outras. Resultados: O questionário foi aplicado a 552 mulheres gestantes vindas da Venezuela, principalmente jovens, casadas ou em união estável; a minoria das gestações foi planejada (37,7%), mesmo conhecendo os métodos anticoncepcionais. O preservativo (camisinha) e a pílula foram os métodos mais identificados (94,7 e 96,1% respectivamente). Conclusão: Quase todas as mulheres conhecem métodos anticoncepcionais e os lugares onde podem obtê-los; porém somente a metade delas conseguiu adquiri-los quando procuraram pela última vez; assim que a maioria das gestações não foi planejada. A garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, incluindo a satisfação das necessidades de planejamento familiar, deve ser uma prioridade nos programas de atenção à população migrante, dentro do marco do fenômeno migratório colombo-venezuelano.

Establishment of Healthcare Delivery System through Improvement of Health Insurance System / 보건행정학회지

Establishing a healthcare delivery system is key to building a cost-effective healthcare system that can prevent the waste of healthcare resources and increase efficiency. Recently, the rapid increase in the national medical expenditures due to the aging of the population and the increase in chronic diseases has raised the question about the sustainability of the healthcare system including the health insurance system. This is why we need to reform the medical delivery system, including the function setting of medical institutions. Accordingly, gradual and practical efforts based on the recognition of reality are needed for solving the problems and improving the medical delivery system. The first effort is to secure policy measures to establish functions and roles of medical institutions which are the basis of the healthcare delivery system, and a systematic medical use system for appropriate medical use. This approach can be achieved through a reasonable health insurance schemes. Without reasonable reform efforts, it will be difficult for Korea's health care system to develop into a system that can provide cost-effective and high-quality medical services that the people want.

Health care delivery system in remote areas of Japan and its enlightenment to China / 中华医院管理杂志

This paper summarized health care delivery system in remote areas of Japan including criteria for underserved areas, regular adjustment to the list, comprehensive national plans, integrated provision system, governmental responsibilities, establishment of Jichi Medical University, participation of social organizations.We raise such suggestions as leading role of the government, precision listing underserved areas,implementing special plan, financing and payment policy, human resources for health, and regional co-ordination of medical resource.

Efecto de las barreras de acceso sobre la asistencia a citas de programa de control prenatal y desenlaces perinatales / Effect of the Access Barriers on Attending to Pregnant Control Appointments and its Perinatal Outcomes / Efeito das barreiras de acesso a comparecimento a consultas médicas programadas de controle pré-natal e desenlaces perinatais

Objetivo: determinar qué condiciones pueden explicar la inasistencia a citas programadas de control prenatal (CPN) y evaluar si la eliminación de las barreras de acceso mejora las condiciones de salud de las gestantes. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de diseño mixto, multietápico, de cohorte prospectivo. Resultados: la dificultad para el pago de transporte fue la principal barrera de acceso causante de inasistencia. Mediante la entrega de subsidios de transporte, las inasistencias disminuyeron 87%. Los determinantes de la salud asociados con mayor probabilidad de presentar complicaciones perinatales fueron: estrato socioeconómico bajo, distancia de la vivienda respecto al sitio de atención y alta puntuación en escala de riesgo biopsicosocial. Adicionalmente, factores como educación superior y sustento económico a cargo del hombre cabeza de familia se asociaron a reducción del riesgo de complicaciones materno-fetales. Conclusiones: las barreras económicas, socioculturales y geográficas, obviadas por el sistema de salud colombiano, afectan la accesibilidad al CPN.

Objective: To determine conditions that may explain the failure to attend the programmed prenatal control appointments (CPN), and assessing whether eliminating the access barriers improves the health conditions of pregnant women. Methodology: We performed a mixed design prospective cohort study in several stages. Results: The main access barrier that caused failures to attend was difficulties to pay for transportation. By giving transportation subsidies, the failures to attend to the appointments were reduced by 87%. The health determinants associated with a higher probability of having perinatal complications were: low socio-economic status, distance from their residence to the attention site, and a high score in the biopsychosocial risk scale. Additionally, factors like tertiary education and economic support in charge of the man head of the household were associated with a decrease in the risk of maternal-fetal complications. Conclusions: the economic, socio-cultural and geographical barriers ignored by the Colombian health system affect access to the CPN.

Objetivo: determinar quais condções podem explicar o não comparecimento as consultas médicas programadas de controle prénatal (CPN) e avaliar se a remocao das barreiras de acesso melhora as condições de saúde das gestantes. Metodologia: realizou-se estudo de desenho misto, multiestágio, de coorte prospectivo. Resultados: a dificuldade para o pagamento de transporte foi a principal barreira de acesso causante do nao comparecimento. Ao fornecer subsidios de transporte, os nao comparecimentos diminuíram 87%. Os determinantes da saúde associados com maior probabilidade de apresentar complicacoes perinatais foram: baixo estrato socioeconómico, distancia da moradia respeito do local de atendimento e alta pontuacao em escala de risco biopsicosocial. Aliás, fatores como ensino superior e sustento económico a cargo do homem cabeca de familia foram associados a reducao de risco de complicares materno-fetais. Conclusões: as barreiras económicas, socioculturais e geográficas, obviadas pelo sistema de saúde colombiano, afetam a acessibilidade ao CPN.