Epidemiological profile of caries and need for dental extraction in a Kaingang adult Indigenous population / Perfil epidemiológico de cárie e necessidade de extração dentária em uma população Indígena Kaingang adulta

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The epidemiological profile of dental caries for Indigenous Peoples is complex and heterogeneous. The oral health of the Kaingang people, third largest Indigenous population from Brazil, has not been investigated so far. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries, in addition to the associated factors of the need of dental extraction among Kaingang adult Indigenous. Methods: A cross-sectional oral health survey was conducted among Kaingang adults aged from 35 to 44 years old living in the Guarita Indigenous Land, Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical exams were performed to analyze the conditions of dental crown and treatment needs. Results: A total of 107 Indigenous adults were examined. Mean DMFT score was 14.45 (± 5.80). Two-thirds of the DMFT score accounted for missing teeth. Anterior lower dentition presented the highest rates of sound teeth, whereas the lower first molars had the lowest. Need for dental extraction was observed in 34.58% and was associated with village location, time of last dental visit, and higher number of decayed teeth. Conclusion: The high frequencies of caries and missing teeth observed in this population indicate a lack of adequate assistance. It is essential to discuss health care models in order to combat avoidable social and health injustices.

RESUMO: Introdução: O perfil epidemiológico de cárie dentária dos povos indígenas é complexo e heterogêneo. A saúde bucal do povo Kaingang, terceira maior população indígena do Brasil, ainda não foi investigada. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e severidade de cárie, além dos fatores associados à necessidade de extração dentária entre adultos Indígenas Kaingang. Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito de saúde bucal entre adultos Kaingang com idade entre 35 e 44 anos residentes na Terra Indígena Guarita, Rio Grande do Sul. Exames clínicos foram realizados a fim de analisar as condições da coroas dentárias e as necessidades de tratamento, seguindo os critérios e diretrizes da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal SB Brasil 2010. Resultados: O total de 107 Indígenas Kaingang foi examinado. O índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) médio observado foi de 14,45 (± 5,80). Dois terços do escore do indíce foram compostos do componente "perdidos". A dentição inferior anterior apresentou as maiores taxas de dentes hígidos, enquanto os primeiros molares inferiores apresentaram as menores. Necessidade de extração dentária foi observada em 34,58%, sendo associada com a localização da aldeia, tempo da última consulta odontológica e maior número de dentes cariados. Conclusão: As altas frequências de cárie não tratada e dentes perdidos observados nessa população indicam a falta de assistência adequada. É necessário discutir modelos de atenção à saúde para combater iniquidades sociais e de saúde.

Salud indígena en el siglo XXI: parásitos intestinales, desnutrición, anemia y condiciones de vida en niños del resguardo indígena Cañamomo-Lomaprieta, Caldas-Colombia / Indigenous health in the 21st century: intestinal parasites, malnutrition, anemia and living conditions of children of the Indian reservation Cañamomo-Lomaprieta, Caldas-Colombia

Introducción: la desnutrición, el parasitismo intestinal y la anemia son graves problemas de salud, estos comparten factores de riesgo y se manifiesta en forma conjunta, principalmente en grupos con condiciones de vida de alta vulnerabilidad como los niños indígenas. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal, desnutrición y anemia, y su asociación con condiciones de vida, en niños emberá-chamí de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal y prospectivo con 184 niños. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre condiciones de vida y se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, hemograma, ferritina y parásitos intestinales por los métodos directo y de concentración formol-éter. Los datos se analizaron en SPSS 21, Anthro y Anthro plus, con frecuencias, medidas de resumen, chi cuadrado de Pearson, exacta de Fisher, U de Mann Whitney y t Student. Resultados: el 76% tienen viviendas con piso de cemento, 53% alcantarillado y 26% pozo séptico. El hacinamiento domiciliario afecta a 35% de las familias, la mediana de los ingresos monetarios familiares mensuales fue US$ 133 (48% del salario mínimo mensual). Se halló ferropenia en 2%, anemia en 13%, desnutrición global o en riesgo de desarrollarla 17%, desnutrición crónica 8% y en riesgo de desnutrición crónica 21%. La prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal fue de 93,5%, la prevalencia de parásitos patógenos fue 83,4% siendo mayor en niños con desnutrición global y crónica, cefalea y con dolor abdominal. Conclusiones: este estudio contribuye a los objetivos plasmados en Iniciativa de Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas de las Américas. El resguardo presenta altas prevalencias de parásitos intestinales, anemia y desnutrición y sus principales factores de riesgo, lo que evidencia la necesidad de mejorar programas de educación, atención en salud, control y seguimiento, dadas las graves consecuencias de estas infecciones y enfermedades ...

Background: malnutrition, intestinal parasites and anemia are serious health problems; they share risk factors and these are manifested in conjunction, mainly in groups highly vulnerable as the indigenous children. Objective: to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, malnutrition and anemia, and their association with living conditions in Embera-Chami children of Colombia. Materials and methods: Crosssectional study with 184 children. A survey of living conditions and anthropometric measurements were applied, blood count, ferritin and intestinal parasites by direct methods and formalin-ether concentration were performed. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21, Anthro and Anthro-plus, with frequencies, summary measures, Pearson chi square, Fisher's exact, Mann Whitney U and t Student. Results: 76% had houses with cement floor, 53% sewage and 26% septic tank. The house overcrowding affects 35% of households, the median monthly household cash income was U.S. $ 133 (48% of the monthly minimum wage). Iron deficiency was found on 2%, anemia in 13%, underweight or at risk of developing 17%, 8% chronic malnutrition and at risk of chronic malnutrition 21%. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 93.5%, the prevalence of pathogenic parasites was 83.4%, being higher in children with chronic undernutrition and headache and abdominal pain. Conclusion: This study contributes to the objectives set out in the Health Initiative of the Americas Indigenous Peoples. The Indianreservation has a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, anemia and malnutrition and its risk factors, which demonstrates the need to improve education, health care, control and monitoring, given the serious consequences of these infections and diseases have on health individually and collectively. (MÉD.UIS. 2014;27(2):29-39).