RESUMEN
Los caballos criollos venezolanos son equinos autóctonos destinados a labores campestres, a los que no se les realiza comúnmente estudios hematológicos y seguimiento de ciertas patologías. Estos ejemplares representan un elemento de trabajo imprescindible para las faenas de arreo, aparte y captura de bovinos destinados a la producción de carne en el país. Las alteraciones hematológicas son un factor adverso para el rendimiento físico de la ganadería caballar en general y pudiera serlo también para equinos del llano venezolano. El propósito de la presente investigación fue establecer el estado hematológico y la presencia de hemoparásitos en caballos criollos venezolanos pertenecientes a dos hatos llaneros de los municipios Muñoz y Achaguas del Edo. Apure. Para ello se muestrearon 137 caballos obteniéndose 3,5 mL de sangre de la vena yugular en tubos con EDTA; la recolección de las muestras se realizó durante los meses de marzo y junio de 2008. Las pruebas realizadas consistieron en la determinación de la concentración de hemoglobina (Hb), porcentaje de hematocrito (Hto), la concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM), el recuento de glóbulos blancos (GB) y la fórmula leucocitaria diferencial, así como la determinación de hemoparásitos mediante las técnicas de Woo y frotis de capa blanca. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: Hb: 10,74 ± 4,56 g/dL, Hto: 31,17 ± 9,91%; CHCM: 34,21 ± 1,34%; GB: 16245 ± 6000 / mm³. Los caballos analizados presentaron valores de Hb y Hto disminuidos, CHCM normal, y leucocitosis marcada. Diferencias estadísticamente significativas se encontraron en las variables Hb y Hto en función al sexo (P<0,05). En el diagnóstico de hemoparásitos se observó formas parasitarias de T. evansi (7,3%), B. equi (1,4%) y A. phagocytophilum (32,9%).
Venezuelan creole horses are local species destined to typical farming works which hematological studies and control of certain pathologies are not commonly performed. These horses represent an essential element of work for tasks such as spurring, fetching and capturing bovines destined to beef production in the country. Hematological alterations are one of the main adverse factors to the physical performance of equines and it could be also impacting those horses located in Venezuelan farming areas (Venezuelan Valleys). The purpose of this research was to establish the haematological state and the presence of haemoparasites in Creole Venezuelan horses of two cattle ranches located in Apure State, specifically in Muñoz and Achaguas Municipalities. A total of 137 horses were sampled and 3.5 mL of blood from the jugular vein were taken in tubes with EDTA. Field sampling was performed in March and June 2008. Determinations of hemoglobin concentration (Hb), percentage of hematocrit (Hto), Corpuscular Hemoglobin Average Concentration (CHCM), white blood cells count (GB) and the leukocyte differential formulas were carried out, as well as the determination of haemoparasites by the technique of Woo and Buffy Coat. The results were as followed: Hb: 10.74 ± 4.56 g/dL, Hto: 31.17 ± 9.91%; CHCM 34.21 ± 1.34%; GB: 16245 ± 6000/mm³. Values obtained from analyzed horses blood showed decreased Hb and Hto, normal CHCM, and noticeable leucocytosis. Significant statistical differences were found in the variables Hb and Hto as a function of sex (P<0.05). T. evansi (7.3%), B. equi (1.4%) and A. phagocytophilum (32.9%) parasite forms were observed in the diagnosis of hemoparasites.
RESUMEN
Background: Hereditary hemolytic anaemias constitute important cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries next only to infection and malnutrition.These group of anaemias have various clinical presentations starting from their age of onset of symptoms, failure to thrive, anaemia, prostration, jaundice, splenomegaly, cholelithiasis, cardiomegaly, congestive cardiac failure, severe life threatening infections and chronic disabilities leading to distress in the families. Methodology: An analysis of 40 cases of hereditary hemolytic anaemia in the age group of 2 months to 12 years was done in the present study. On the basis of clinical presentations, physical findings, routine hematological investigations and hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern in hemoglobin defects were carried out to identify the type of hemolytic anaemias. Results: This clinocohematological study of hereditary hemolytic anaemia showed membrane defects- Hereditary spherocytosis in 4 cases (10%). The remaining 36 cases were having diseases affecting hemoglobin molecule which included Sickle cell anaemia-5 cases (12.5%), Sickle cell trait- 1 case (2.5%), Sickle cell/ thalassemia-1 case (2.5%), thalassemia major- 23 cases (57.5%) and thalassemia trait 6 cases(15%). Hereditary hemolytic anaemia with enzyme defects were not observed in this study. Majority of these cases presented with progressive pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear examination showed microcytic hypochromic anaemia (87.5%) in majority of the cases. All cases were associated with reticulocytosis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Inspite of advanced diagnostic inestigations, the basic hematological investigation remains first panel or step towards the approach to diagnose hereditary hemolytic anaemia and hemoglobin electrophoresis will help in confirming the diagnosis.