Ethanolic extracts of babandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) prevents inflammation and proteoglycan degradation by inhibiting TNF-α and MMP-9 on osteoarthritis rats induced by monosodium iodoacetate

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the effects of Ageratum conyzoides L. on the monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rats.@*METHODS@#Thin layer chromatography was performed to analyze the constituents of the babandotan extract leaves. White male Sprague-Dawley rats used in this study were divided into 6 groups: normal control and negative control groups, both given 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose; the positive control group that was given glucosamine and chondroitin suspension (486 mg/200 g B.W.); the 3 dose variation extract groups including dose 1, 2, and 3 that were given 40, 80, and 160 mg/200 g B.W. respectively on day 29 until 50. All the groups were induced with 0.05 mL monosodium iodoacetate (20 mg/mL) on day 1, except normal control induced by saline. Measurement of edema volume of rat knees was performed on day 0, 8, 15, 22, 29, 43, and 50. Hematology data was measured at day 1, 29 and 50. Serum was collected at day 50 to evaluate TNF-α and MMP-9 by ELISA. Cartilage histopathology was evaluated by staining with H&E and Safranin-O-fast green staining on day 50.@*RESULTS@#The babandotan leaves extract dose 2 (80 mg/200 g B.W.) and dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) could decrease the edema volume, increase the area and thickness of articular cartilage, and increase proteoglycan level. Particularly, dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) of extract babandotan leaves were able to significantly decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and udem volume, and decrease TNF alpha and MMP-9 levels.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Babandotan leaves extract can recover inflammation and cartilages degradation by inhibiting TNF-α in inflammation processes and MMP-9 in the collagenase reaction in the cartilages.

Ethanolic extracts of babandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) prevents inflammation and proteoglycan degradation by inhibiting TNF-α and MMP-9 on osteoarthritis rats induced by monosodium iodoacetate

Objective To analyze the effects of Ageratum conyzoides L. on the monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods Thin layer chromatography was performed to analyze the constituents of the babandotan extract leaves. White male Sprague–Dawley rats used in this study were divided into 6 groups: normal control and negative control groups, both given 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose; the positive control group that was given glucosamine and chondroitin suspension (486 mg/200 g B.W.); the 3 dose variation extract groups including dose 1, 2, and 3 that were given 40, 80, and 160 mg/200 g B.W. respectively on day 29 until 50. All the groups were induced with 0.05 mL monosodium iodoacetate (20 mg/mL) on day 1, except normal control induced by saline. Measurement of edema volume of rat knees was performed on day 0, 8, 15, 22, 29, 43, and 50. Hematology data was measured at day 1, 29 and 50. Serum was collected at day 50 to evaluate TNF-α and MMP-9 by ELISA. Cartilage histopathology was evaluated by staining with H&E and Safranin-O-fast green staining on day 50. Results The babandotan leaves extract dose 2 (80 mg/200 g B.W.) and dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) could decrease the edema volume, increase the area and thickness of articular cartilage, and increase proteoglycan level. Particularly, dose 3 (160 mg/200 g B.W.) of extract babandotan leaves were able to significantly decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and udem volume, and decrease TNF alpha and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions Babandotan leaves extract can recover inflammation and cartilages degradation by inhibiting TNF-α in inflammation processes and MMP-9 in the collagenase reaction in the cartilages.

Effects of experiment-related factors on hematological parameters in SD rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To study the effects of experiment-related factors on hematological parameters in SD rats, analyze the data difference and causes, understand the effects of anesthetics and stress responses on the physiological aspects of animals, and to provide a reference for the standardization of animal welfare and compound toxicity testing methods.Methods According to gender (A), fasting time (B), anesthesia (C) and blood collection mode (D), SPF SD rats were divided into 24 groups.Blood samples were collected from each group.Then, red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, white blood cell count and classification indicators were measured.Results The primary and secondary order of the factors affecting the white blood cell count was D > C > A > B, and the levels of white blood cell count of each factor were male rats > female rats, and venous blood > arterial blood, chloral hydrate > pentobarbital sodium > no anesthesia.The primary and secondary order of the factors affecting the white blood cell classification was C > D=A=B, and factors affecting the levels of white blood cell classification were chloral hydrate > pentobarbital sodium > no anesthesia.The primary and secondary order of the effects of the factors on the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level was C > D=A=B, and the levels of red blood cell count and hemoglobin level were pentobarbital sodium > chloral hydrate> no anesthesia.There was no significant difference in the blood indexes between the different fasting time groups.Conclusions There is no effect of fasting on hematological parameters, but there are differences in the blood parameters between arteries and veins.The effect of chloral hydrate anesthesia on the count and classification of white blood cells is greater than that of pentobarbital sodium.The effect of chloral hydrate anesthesia on the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level is greater than that of pentobarbital sodium.The two kinds of anesthesia methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação no Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil / Hematological and biochemical values of Magellanic penguins in rehabilitation in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil

Este trabalho apresenta valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de pinguins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) juvenis que arribaram no Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro, litoral sudeste do Brasil, e foram encaminhados a reabilitação. Os valores médios obtidos foram: eritrócitos 2.55±0.54 milhões/µL; hemoglobina 13,37±3,91g/dL; hematócrito 41,5±0,04%; proteína plasmática 6,34±0,81g/dL; leucócitos 16.301±6.402/µL; trombócitos 20.516±4.591 células/µL; volume corpuscular médio (VCM) 172,0±53,0 fL; concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) 26,41±0,02%; alanina transaminase (ALT) 50,0±17,89 U/L; ácido úrico 8,93±3,0mg/dL; albumina 1,68±0,53g/dL; cálcio 9,7±0,57mg/dL; fósforo 10,39±8,5mg/dL e glicose 211,6±30,3mg/dL. Valores de eritrócitos, VCM e CHCM foram discrepantes em relação aos valores de referência atuais. Valores de leucócitos e trombócitos tem significado inconclusivo. Hematócrito, hemoglobina, proteína plasmática e valores bioquímicos forneceram importante contribuição para o estabelecimento de parâmetros de referência.(AU)

This paper reports hematological and biochemical values of juveniles Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) stranded in Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, that were sent for rehabilitation. The average values were: erythrocytes 2.55±0,54 milhões/µL, hemoglobin 13.37±3,91g/dL, hematocrit 41.5±0.04%, plasma protein 6.34±0.81g/dL, leukocytes 16,301±6,402/µL, thrombocytes 20,516±4,591 células/µL3, mean cell volume (MCV) 172.0±53.0 fL, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 26.41±0.02%, alanine transaminase (ALT) 50.0±17.89 U/L, uric acid 8.93±3.0mg/dL, albumin 1.68±0.53mg/dL, calcium 9.7±0.57mg/dL, phosphorus 10.39±8.5mg/dL and glucose 211.6±30.3mg/dL. Values of erythrocytes, MCV and MCH were discrepant in relation to the current reference values. Leukocytes and thrombocytes values has meant inconclusive. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma protein and biochemical values provided important contribution for the establishment of reference parameters.(AU)

The effect of x-ray radiationon hematopoietic tissue among radiology technologists.

Background:Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation may affect cells and tissues and results in various adverse health effects. Objectives:In this study the purpose is to detect the blood cells count which reflects of the changes that may happen in bone marrow of X-ray technologists.Materials and Methods:The present study is conducted in Khartoum state hospitals during the year of 2011. The sample size was 95 male volunteers represented radiology technologists working in Khartoum state hospitals with age range 23-57 years.Technologists are classified according to duration of exposure.The samples are tested for hematology parameters by cell counter. Results:The mean value of leucocytes, neutrophil and lymphocyte count is significantly decreased (p<0.05) in X-ray technologists on duration of exposure between 10-15 years, while X-ray technologists on duration of exposure greater than15 years showed significant decrease (p<0.01) when compared to controls. However, no significant difference is observed in red blood count, hemoglobin, and mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and eosinophil + basophil count between the groups.Conclusion:Hematopoietic system of X-ray technologist is affected by long duration of low dose of X-ray exposure resulting in depression peripheral white blood cells count particularly that of neutrophil and lymphocyte.

Hematología y citoquímica de las células sanguíneas de Rhinella fernandezae (Anura: Bufonidae) en Espinal y Delta-Islas del río Paraná, Argentina

Hematology and blood cell cytochemistry of Rhinella fernandezae (Amphibia: Anura) from Espinal and Delta-Islands of Paraná River, Argentina. The description of amphibian hematology is scarce and most of these studies have been done in species from North America, Asia and Europe. With the purpose to obtain basic hematological information of Rhinella fernandezae, 23 blood samples from Santa Fe and Entre Ríos natural reserves were studied. Blood of each individual was extracted by cardiac puncture and hemograms were carried out. Morphological and cytochemical description of blood cells were analyzed in slides and were inspected for extra and intra cellular parasites. Five leucocytes types were observed, being lymphocytes the predominant ones followed by basophiles. Heterophils and eosinophils were positive to PAS, Sudan B and peroxidase. The erythrocytes and its precursors were negative for cytochemical reactions. Micronuclei and nuclear alterations frequencies were scarce. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between sexes neither in hemograms nor in blood cells morphology. Microfilarias were the only hemoparasites found with a relative low prevalence and infection intensity. The hematological characteristics studied were similar to those reported for other amphibians, suggesting that R. fernandezae individuals present optimal nutritional and immunological status. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 17-28. Epub 2011 March 01.

La descripción de la hematología de los anfibios anuros es escasa, habiéndose realizado la mayoría de los trabajos en especies de Norteamérica, Asia y Europa. Con el propósito de obtener datos hematológicos para Rhinella fernandezae, fueron estudiados 23 especímenes provenientes de zonas protegidas de las provincias de Santa Fe y Entre Ríos. Se les extrajo sangre por punción cardíaca y se realizaron hemogramas. En los extendidos sanguíneos, se efectuaron la descripción morfológica y citoquímica de las células sanguíneas y búsqueda de parásitos. Se observaron cinco tipos de leucocitos, donde predominaron los linfocitos pequeños. Heterófilos y eosinófilos resultaron positivos para PAS, Sudan B y peroxidasa; contrariamente, los eritrocitos y sus precursores fueron negativos. Los puntajes de las reacciones citoquímicas fueron variables para basófilos, linfocitos, monocitos y trombocitos. Las frecuencias de micronúcleos y de alteraciones nucleares fueron escasas. No se observaron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) entre sexos en el hemograma ni en la morfología sanguínea. Los únicos hemoparásitos encontrados fueron microfilarias (Nematoda: Filaroidea), cuya prevalencia e intensidad de infección fueron bajas. Las características hematológicas estudiadas fueron semejantes a los valores reportados para otros anfibios, pudiendo inferir que los individuos de R. fernandezae estudiados se encuentran en un buen estado nutricional e inmunológico.

Evaluation of the toxic potential of standardized extracts (hot water extract and cold ethanolic extract) of Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. aerial parts / Evaluación de la toxicidad de extractos estandarizados (obtenidos con agua caliente y etanol frio) de partes aéreas de Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn

Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. is one of the medicinal plants that is often used in Sri Lankan traditional systems of medicine for the preparation of formulations to treat a variety of disease conditions. However, the toxic effects of T. cucumerina are not known. The aims of the present study were to (a) standardize hot water (HWE) and cold ethanolic (CEE) extracts of T. cucumerina aerial parts, and (b) evaluate toxic potential of the plant extracts. Both extracts were standardized by developing their densitograms and HPLC fingerprints and determination of physico – chemical parameters such as total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash. Administration of the HWE or CEE to mice did not result in acute or chronic toxic effects as evident from their effects on (a) liver and kidney functions and (c) hematological parameters and (d) fertility of male or female mice.In conclusion, the results of this study have revealed that standardized extracts of T. cucumerina at the doses tested do not produce any serious toxic side effects.

Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. Es una de las plantas comunmente utilizadas en el sistema de medicina tradicional de Sri Lanka, en la preparación de formulaciones para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades. Debido a que los efectos tóxicos de T. cucumerina no se conocen, los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (a) estandarizar los extractos obtenidos con agua caliente (EAC) y con etanol frío (EEF), y (b) evaluar la toxicidad de ambos extractos. Ambos extractos fueron estandarizados por obtención de sus densitogramas y huella digital con HPLC. Adicionalmente se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos, tales como: cenizas totales, cenizas solubles en agua y cenizas solubles en ácido. La administración de EAC y EEF a ratones no mostró efectos tóxicos agudos ni crónicos. Las funciones renales, hepáticas, estudios hematológicos y de fertilidad en machos y hembras fueron normales. Se concluye que los extractos estandarizados de T. cucumerina, a las dosis ensayadas no producen ningún efecto tóxico.

The effects of excessive Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (Na2EDTA) anticoagulant concentration toward hematology profile and morphology of erythrocytes in peripheral blood examination.

The purpose of this study is to know whether there are differences between hematology profile and morphology of erythrocytes of blood specimens which are prepared with excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant in different concentration. This study was conducted in Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University. The criteria of subject were male, age from 18 until 22 years old and healthy, ascertained from history taking and vital sign examination. Blood samples from 33 subjects were taken using vein puncture. Two millimeters blood was divided into 4 Na2EDTA-containing tubes. Before that, one drop of blood without Na2EDTA anticoagulant was used for making control blood film right after vein puncture. Each tubes contained different concentration of anticoagulant. The first tube contained Na2EDTA in standard concentration 2 mg/dl; the remaining tubes contained consecutively, 4 mg/dl, 6 mg/dl, and 8 mg/dl. Those samples were immediately examined using SYSMEX SE-9500 automatic analyzer for measuring erythrocytes hematological profile and were stained with Wright staining for morphological examination. These procedures were done before 20 minutes of vein puncture. There were significant decrease of RBC count, HGB, HCT, and MCHC and also significant increase of MCV and RDW between different concentrations of excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant. MCH did not have significant result. Morphological examination showed significant morphological changes in the form of echinocytes and appearance of ghost cells in the sample treated with excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant concentration. In conclusion, there are differences in hematological profile and morphology of erythrocytes among blood specimen which are prepared with excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant in different concentration, except for MCH. Excessive Na2EDTA anticoagulant concentration will affect the blood specimen for peripheral blood examination of erythrocytes by interfering morphology and some of hematological parameters.