El efecto de la reflexología podal sobre la fatiga en pacientes en hemodiálisis: un estudio de metaanálisis / The effect of foot reflexology on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis study / O efeito da reflexologia podal sobre a fadiga em pacientes em hemodiálise: um estudo de metanálise

Objetivo: analizar el efecto de la reflexología podal sobre la fatiga en pacientes en hemodiálisis, combinando los resultados de estudios independientes sobre este tema. Método: estudio de metaanálisis. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en siete bases de datos. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante las herramientas propuestas por el Joanna Briggs Institute. Para el metaanálisis se utilizó el programa Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3. Resultados: en el metaanálisis se incluyeron ocho estudios. El resultado de la diferencia de medias estandarizada del metaanálisis = 1,580 (Intervalo de Confianza de 95% = 1,075 - 2,085 p = 0,000). El resultado del análisis de subgrupos realizado sobre la base de la diferencia de medias estandarizada en el número de sesiones de reflexología podal = 1,478 (Intervalo de Confianza de 95% = 1,210 - 1,747, p = 0,000). Conclusión: se concluyó que la reflexología podal puede utilizarse para reducir la fatiga en pacientes en hemodiálisis. En los estudios investigados no se proporcionó información sobre los posibles efectos secundarios y negativos de la reflexología podal.

Objective: this meta-analysis study analyzed the effect of foot reflexology on fatigue in hemodialysis patients by combining the results of independent studies on this subject. Method: meta-analysis study. A literature search was conducted in seven databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3 was used for meta-analysis. Results: eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis standardized mean difference = 1.580 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.075 - 2.085 p = 0.000). The result of the subgroup analysis performed based on the number of foot reflexology sessions standardized mean difference = 1,478 (95% Confidence Interval = 1,210 - 1,747, p = 0.000). Conclusion: it was concluded that foot reflexology can be used to reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. No information was provided in the investigated studies about the possible side effects and negative effects of foot reflexology.

Objetivo: analisar o efeito da reflexologia podal sobre a fadiga em pacientes em hemodiálise, combinando os resultados de estudos independentes sobre este assunto. Método: estudo de metanálise. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em sete bases de dados. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Para a metanálise, foi utilizado o Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v3. Resultados: oito estudos foram incluídos na metanálise. O resultado da diferença média padronizada da metanálise = 1,580 (Intervalo de Confiança de 95% = 1,075 - 2,085 p = 0,000). O resultado da análise de subgrupo realizada com base na diferença média padronizada do número de sessões de reflexologia podal = 1,478 (Intervalo de Confiança de 95% = 1,210 - 1,747, p = 0,000). Conclusão: a reflexologia podal pode ser utilizada para reduzir a fadiga em pacientes em hemodiálise. Não foram fornecidas informações nos estudos investigados sobre os possíveis efeitos colaterais e negativos da reflexologia podal.

Diet and fluid restriction experiences of patients on hemodialysis: a meta-synthesis study / Experiencias de pacientes en hemodiálisis con restricción de dieta y de líquidos: metasíntesis

ABSTRACT Introduction:Non-compliance with diet and fluid restriction is an important and common health behavior problem in the hemodialysis population and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, investigating the perceptions and experiences of patients undergoing hemodialysis regarding diet and fluid restriction is very important in terms of achieving the management of diet and fluid restriction. Methods: This is a meta-synthesis study. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, OVID, and Scopus electronic databases were utilized for the literature review. Studies were critically evaluated using the Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tool. Qualitative data were extracted, meta-summarized, and then meta-synthesized. The thematic analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. Results: This review consisted of 23 qualitative studies. The experiences of patients undergoing hemodialysis about diet and fluid restriction were classified into three main themes, namely, "the meaning of diet and fluid restriction for the patient", "perceived barriers", and "patient's own management strategies for diet and fluid restriction". Conclusion: The results of the synthesis in our study indicated that patients undergoing hemodialysis perceived diet and fluid restriction as a complex and challenging process involving a constant struggle. Some personal, social, and systemic barriers perceived by the patients made compliance with diet and fluid restriction even more difficult. More importantly, it was determined that most of the patients were not supported enough in the management of diet and fluid restriction and that they had developed strategies in their own right. In line with these results, we recommend that individual counseling services for diet-fluid restriction of patients undergoing hemodialysis should be increased, the obstacles perceived by the patient should be considered while planning patients' diet-fluid restriction, and that the planning should be realistic and feasible.

RESUMEN Introducción: El incumplimiento de la dieta y la restricción de líquidos es un problema de comportamiento común e importante en la población en hemodiálisis, con impacto en el estado de salud, y que se asocia con aumento de la morbimortalidad. Por lo tanto, investigar las percepciones y experiencias de los pacientes en hemodiálisis con respecto a la dieta y a la restricción de líquidos es muy importante para alcanzar el manejo de los mismos. Métodos: Este es un estudio de metasíntesis. Para la revisión de la literatura se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web ofScience, OVID y Scopus. Los estudios se evaluaron críticamente utilizando la herramienta de evaluación crítica de Joanna Briggs. Fueron extraídos los datos cualitativos, meta-resumidos y luego meta-sintetizados. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó el método de análisis temático. Resultados: Esta revisión consistió en 23 estudios cualitativos. Las experiencias de los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en relación con la dieta y la restricción de líquidos se clasificaron en tres temas principales, a saber, "el significado de la dieta y la restricción de líquidos para el paciente", "barreras percibidas" y "estrategias de manejo propias del paciente para la dieta y la restricción de líquidos". Conclusión: Los resultados de la síntesis en nuestro estudio indicaron que los pacientes en hemodiálisis percibían la dieta y la restricción de líquidos como un proceso complejo y desafiante que implicaba una lucha constante. Algunas barreras personales, sociales y sistémicas percibidas por los pacientes dificultaron aún más el cumplimiento de las indicaciones. Más importante aún, se determinó que la mayoría de los pacientes no recibieron suficiente apoyo en el manejo de la dieta y la restricción de líquidos y que habían desarrollado estrategias por sí mismos. De acuerdo con estos resultados, recomendamos aumentar los servicios de asesoramiento individual para la restricción dietética-líquida de los pacientes en hemodiálisis, considerar los obstáculos percibidos por ellos al planificar la restricción dietética-líquida y realizar una planificación que sea realista y factible.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Renal Failure and Risk Factors in Diyala Province, Iraq

@#Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite which causes a zoonotic disease called toxoplasmosis. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the seropositivity rate of specific antibodies “anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay” in hemodialysis patients attending the Teaching Hospital, Baquba City, Diyala Province, Iraq and to determine the potentially preventable risk factors. Methods: Eighty five hemodialysis patients with kidney failure and 85 healthy volunteers were selected for this study. Results: The percentage of seropositivity for IgG antibodies in patients with hemodialysis was 54.1% while it was 38.2% among the healthy control subjects and the difference was significant between the two groups [Odds Ratio (OR)= 1.8586; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 1.0097-3.4212; P= 0.0465]. In contrast, IgM antibodies were not detected in any of the patients or the healthy subjects. Many risk factors were identified, including contact with cats (OR, 2.62; P= 0.0398); eating undercooked meat (OR, 2.6, P= 0.0439); drinking unfiltered water (OR, 2.86, P= 0.0433); and eating outside the home (OR, 5.6, P= 0.0024) as risk factors for toxoplasmosis. However, smoking was not found to be as a risk factor for toxoplasmosis (OR, 2.1, P= 0.1204). Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed a high prevalence of toxoplasma infection in hemodialysis patients and therefore, we recommend monitoring these patients for T. gondii infection to minimize the spreading of toxoplasmosis via treating the seropositive patients with the available commercial drugs.

Factors Associated With Poor Nutritional Status Among Hemodialysis Patients in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Poor nutritional status is prevalent among hemodialysis patients, with limited studies available on how it is being influenced by other factors in the local context. The current study aimed to determine the nutritional status and its associated factors among hemodialysis patients. Methods: This was a study undertaken in a total of 455 hemodialysis patients (256 men and 199 women). The main outcome measure was Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS), which was utilized to identify nutritional and inflammatory status of the hemodialysis patients. Other evaluation tools included anthropometry and biochemical measurements as well as dietary assessment. Results: A high proportion of hemodialysis patients were malnourished (64.4%) and presented with inflammation (67.5%). Using multiple linear regression analysis, factors contributing to malnutrition were older age, lower lean body mass, higher interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), inadequate intakes of energy and protein, as well as presence of comorbidities and inflammation. Conclusion: The presence of malnutrition and inflammation were prevalent among hemodialysis patients. Several determinants of poor nutritional status of hemodialysis patients were modifiable and should be recognized while formulating and implementing appropriate intervention plans for this vulnerable group.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Iran / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that occurs worldwide, with a wide range of complications in immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran.METHODS: We searched English and Persian databases for studies reporting T. gondii seroprevalence in Iranian hemodialysis patients through December 31, 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.RESULTS: A total of 10 studies containing 1,865 participants (1,048 patients and 817 controls) met the eligibility criteria. ImmunoglobulinG (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii were found in 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46 to 70) of hemodialysis patients and 40% (95% CI, 31 to 50) of healthy controls, while immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were found in 2% (95% CI, 0 to 6) of hemodialysis patients and 0% (95% CI, 0 to 1) of healthy controls. The meta-analysis showed that hemodialysis patients were significantly more likely to be seropositive for IgG (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.70; p < 0.001) and IgM (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.22; p < 0.001) antibodies against T. gondii infection than healthy individuals.CONCLUSIONS: The current study revealed a high prevalence of T. gondii infection in hemodialysis patients. Since hemodialysis patients are immunocompromised and T. gondii can cause serious clinical complications, we recommend that periodic screenings for T. gondii infection should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of these patients.

Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Phosphorus Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients: A Preliminary Exploration / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor associated with mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Gut absorption of phosphate is the major source. Recent studies indicated that the intestinal flora of uremic patients changed a lot compared with the healthy population, and phosphorus is an essential element of bacterial survival and reproduction. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of intestinal microbiota in phosphorus metabolism.@*Methods@#A prospective self-control study was performed from October 2015 to January 2016. Microbial DNA was isolated from the stools of 20 healthy controls and 21 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Fourteen out of the 21 patients were treated with lanthanum carbonate for 12 weeks. Thus, stools were also collected before and after the treatment. The bacterial composition was analyzed based on 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing. Bioinformatics tools, including sequence alignment, abundance profiling, and taxonomic diversity, were used in microbiome data analyses. Correlations between genera and the serum phosphorus were detected with Pearson's correlation. For visualization of the internal interactions and further measurement of the microbial community, SparCC was used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient with the corresponding P value between each two genera.@*Results@#Thirteen genera closely correlated with serum phosphorus and the correlation coefficient was above 0.4 (P < 0.05). We also found that 58 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly different and more decreased OTUs were identified and seven genera (P < 0.05) were obviously reduced after using the phosphate binder. Meanwhile, the microbial richness and diversity presented downward trend in hemodialysis patients compared with healthy controls and more downward trend after phosphorus reduction. The co-occurrence network of genera revealed that the network complexity of hemodialysis patients was significantly higher than that of controls, whereas treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduced the network complexity.@*Conclusions@#Gut flora related to phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients, and improving intestinal microbiota may regulate the absorption of phosphate in the intestine. The use of phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate leads to a tendency of decreasing microbial diversity and lower network complexity.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Iran / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that occurs worldwide, with a wide range of complications in immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran. METHODS: We searched English and Persian databases for studies reporting T. gondii seroprevalence in Iranian hemodialysis patients through December 31, 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies containing 1,865 participants (1,048 patients and 817 controls) met the eligibility criteria. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against T. gondii were found in 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46 to 70) of hemodialysis patients and 40% (95% CI, 31 to 50) of healthy controls, while immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were found in 2% (95% CI, 0 to 6) of hemodialysis patients and 0% (95% CI, 0 to 1) of healthy controls. The meta-analysis showed that hemodialysis patients were significantly more likely to be seropositive for IgG (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.70; p < 0.001) and IgM (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.22; p < 0.001) antibodies against T. gondii infection than healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The current study revealed a high prevalence of T. gondii infection in hemodialysis patients. Since hemodialysis patients are immunocompromised and T. gondii can cause serious clinical complications, we recommend that periodic screenings for T. gondii infection should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of these patients.

Effect of high fluxes of hemodialysis combined with Niaoduqing granuleson on cell-mediated immunity in old patients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of high fluxes of hemodialysis combined with Niaoduqing granuleson in the cell-mediated immunity of elderly hemodialysis patients. Methods Fourty cases of elderly main-tenance hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,low flux dialysis was used in both groups before the experiment,in the experiment control group adopts high flux hemodialysis,the treatment group in the control group on the basis of daily oral Niaoduqing granules 5 g, 3 times/d,observation for 3 months,compare the serum IL-2,IL-10,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+change of the two groups in 3 months.Results After 3 months high flux dialysis treatment,the level of IL-2 was significant-ly increased before the treatment of low flux dialysis,and the level of IL-10 was significantly reduced.The levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group after 3 months(P <0.01);The CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+levels of the two groups of high flux dialysis were significantly higher than that in the previous three months(P<0.05).The levels of IL-2,IL-10,CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+were significantly higher in the treatment group after 3 months than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion High fluxes of hemo-dialysis can improve the immune function of elderly hemodialysis patients,while combined with Niaoduqing gran-ules is more obvious.

Prevalencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos y anti anexina V en pacientes dializados de Bahía Blanca / Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies and anti anexin V in dialysis patients in Bahía Blanca / Prevalência de anticorpos antifosfolípides e anti anexina V em pacientes em diálise em Bahía Blanca

En los pacientes hemodializados son frecuentes las oclusiones de los accesos vasculares por una diálisis insuficiente y en un bajo porcentaje por un estado hipercoagulable desencadenado por anticuerpos dirigidos contra determinados componentes fosfolipídicos. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la prevalencia de estos autoanticuerpos (APL) y del marcador anti anexina V en 79 pacientes en plan de hemodiálisis y en 66 donantes de sangre de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca. Para la detección del anticoagulante lúpico (AL) se realizaron estudios coagulométricos básicos, pruebas de detección, corrección con mezclas con plasma normal y ensayos confirmatorios con lisados plaquetarios. En paralelo, se efectuaron ensayos inmunológicos séricos: anticuerpos anticardiolipinas (ACL) IgM/IgG, anticuerpos anti β2 Glicoproteina I (aβ2GPI) IgM/IgG y anticuerpos anti anexina V IgM/IgG. Para estimar las diferencias se realizó el test de Fisher con una significancia del 5%. No se detectó anticoagulante AL en ninguna de las dos poblaciones. La prevalencia de los ACL IgG fue mayor en los dializados que en los dadores (31,6% vs. 12,1%, p: 0,0056); la correspondiente a las antiβ2 GPI fue similar (2,5% en dializados vs. 7,6% en dadores, p: 0,2458), mientras que la correspondiente a la anti anexina V IgG resultó mayor en dializados (16,4% vs. 4,5%, p: 0,0316). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la importancia de monitorear la presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos y anti anexina V previo al ingreso de un plan de diálisis para prevenir eventos trombóticos.

In hemodialysis patients, occlusions of vascular access are frequent due to insufficient dialysis and in a low percentage, due to a hypercoagulable state triggered by antibodies directed against certain phospholipid components. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of these autoantibodies (APL) and the anti-annexin V marker in 79 patients undergoing hemodialysis and in 66 blood donors in the city of Bahía Blanca. For the detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA), basic coagulometric studies, detection tests, correction with mixtures with normal plasma and confirmatory tests with platelet lysates were performed. In parallel, serum immunological assays were performed: IgM/IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL), IgM/IgG anti-β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibodies and IgM/IgG anti-annexin V antibodies. To estimate the differences, a Fisher test with a significance of 5% was performed. Lupus anticoagulant (LA) was not detected in any of the two populations. The prevalence of IgG ACL was higher in the dialysate than in the donors (31.6% vs. 12.1%, p: 0.0056); the corresponding antiβ2GPI was similar (2.5% dialysate vs. 7.6% donors, p: 0.2458), while the corresponding anti-Annexin V IgG was higher in dialysate (16.4% vs. 4.5%, p: 0.0316). The results obtained suggest the importance of monitoring the presence of antiphospholipid and anti-annexin V antibodies prior to entry to a dialysis plan to prevent thrombotic events.

Em pacientes hemodialisados são frequentes as oclusões dos acessos vasculares devido a uma diálise insuficiente e, um percentual baixo, a um estado de hipercoagulabilidade desencadeado por anticorpos dirigidos contra determinados componentes dos fosfolípidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência desses autoanticorpos (APL) e do marcador anti Anexina V em 79 pacientes em plano de hemodiálise e em 66 doadores de sangue da cidade de Bahía Blanca. Para a detecção do anticoagulante lúpico (AL) foram realizados estudos coagulométricos básicos, testes de detecção, correção com misturas com plasma normal e ensaios de confirmação com lisados de plaquetas. Em paralelo se realizaram ensaios imunológicos séricos: anticorpos anticardiolipinas (ACL) a IgM/IgG, anticorpos anti β 2 GlicoproteinaI (aβ 2GPI) IgM/IgG e anticorpos anti Anexina V IgM/IgG. Para estimar as diferenças foi realizado o teste de Fisher com uma significância de 5%. Não foi detectado anticoagulante AL em qualquer uma das duas populações. A prevalência de ACL IgG foi maior nos dialisados que nos doadores (31,6% vs. 12,1%, p: 0,0056); a correspondente às anti β 2GPI foi semelhante (2,5% em dialisados vs. 7,6% em doadores, p: 0,2458), enquanto que o correspondente à anti Anexina V IgG foi maior em dialisados (16,4% vs. 4.5 %, p: 0,0316). Os resultados obtidos sugerem a importância de monitorar a presença de anticorpos antifosfolipídios e anti Anexina V antes de entrar em um plano de diálise para prevenção de eventos trombóticos.

Nursing care to hemodialysis patients with hypocalcemia after parathyroiddectomy / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the postoperative care to hemodialysis patients with hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism. Methods The nursing measures included timely correction of hypocalcemia, nursing of muscular spasm, dietary nursing and rational medication. Five of them developed numbness in the limbs, which was alleviated by administration of venous transfusion of calcium gluconate. After six months, the blood calcium in 6 patients resumed to normal level. For 1 case with lower blood calcium, the level of blood calcium maintained at 1.8~2.0mmol/L after supplement with high dose of calcium and high -calcium hemodialysis. Conclusions The hemodialysis patients with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroiddectomy are susceptible to hypocalcemia. The timely correction of hypocalcemia and related nursing measures are of significance for their recovery.