Tempo de mudança: a partida como primeiro estágio da Jornada Mitológica de Mulheres Olímpicas Brasileiras / Times of change: leaving home as the first stage of the Mythological Journey of Brazilian Olympic Women / Tiempo de cambio: la partida como la primera etapa de la Jornada Mitológica de Mujeres Olímpicas Brasileñas

No Brasil, muitas crianças e jovens têm a oportunidade de conhecer diferentes modalidades esportivas. Por vezes, esse contato desperta um encanto pelo esporte, sendo a ele dada uma importância e um significado tão grandes que fazem com que eles o prefiram às atividades comuns para outras pessoas da mesma idade, como brincadeiras, convívio familiar ou escolar. Em busca de melhores condições de treinamento e desenvolvimento, esses futuros atletas, muitas vezes, têm que se distanciar de seu núcleo familiar ainda de forma precoce. Este trabalho buscou investigar como as mulheres olímpicas brasileiras, medalhistas de modalidades coletivas, reconhecem o momento que marcou o início de sua especialização esportiva, exclusivamente aquelas em cuja história consta a marca do distanciamento familiar e da saída de casa. A metodologia do trabalho se ancora nas narrativas biográficas, considerada uma modalidade de história oral. Depois de alcançarem a condição de atleta olímpica, é possível pensar que o chamado para a prática esportiva e o distanciamento precoce de seu núcleo familiar foram os primeiros passos para o que seria o início de sua jornada enquanto atleta.

In Brazil, many children and young people have the opportunity to learn about different sports. This contact often awakens a passion for it and it is sometimes considered of great importance. It then makes them choose sport over others activities common to other people of the same age, such as playtime, family and school contact. As they search for better conditions for sport development, these new athletes often have to distance themselves from their family at an early age. This paper sought to investigate how Brazilian Olympic women, medalists of collective modalities, recognized the moment that marks the beginning of their sporting career, especially the athletes that had to leave their homes. The methodology is anchored in the biographical narratives, considered a modality of oral history. After reaching the Olympic athlete status, it is possible to think that the calling for sports practice and the premature leaving the family nest was the first step towards what would be the beginning of a journey as an athlete.

En Brasil, muchos niños y jóvenes tienen la oportunidad de conocer diferentes modalidades deportivas. En algunos momentos, ese contacto despierta un encanto por el deporte, dando a él una importancia y un significado tan grande que hace que ellos lo prefieran a las actividades comunes para otras personas de la misma edad, como juegos, convivencia familiar o escolar. En busca de mejores condiciones de entrenamiento y desarrollo, esos futuros atletas, muchas veces tienen que distanciarse de su núcleo familiar precozmente. Este trabajo buscó investigar cómo las mujeres olímpicas brasileñas, medallistas de modalidades colectivas, reconocen el momento que marca el inicio de su especialización deportiva, exclusivamente aquellas que en su historia consta la marca del distanciamiento familiar y de la salida de casa. La metodología del trabajo se ancla en las narrativas biográficas, considerada una moda-lidad de historia oral. Después de alcanzar la condición de atleta olímpica, es posible pensar que el llamado para la práctica deportiva y el distanciamiento precoz de su núcleo familiar, fue el primer paso para lo que sería el inicio de su jornada como atleta.

Evaluation of Drug Addiction and Its Withdrawal Management

Addiction is a big problem in the society. It can lead to many socio-economic problems. The withdrawal of addiction drugs like opioid can be managed using non-medical social support approach or the additional support of medications. The objective of this research is to evaluate the drug addiction and withdrawal management. It also verifies other drugs commonly used by the cocaine or heroin addicts, age groups affected by drug addiction, source of exposure of drug addicts, income to purchase such drugs. Further, an attempt is made to compare the effectiveness of behavioural therapy and methadone therapy for opioid addiction. The study was a crosssectional study at methadone clinic and sober houses. The result found that 40% of drug addicts are using alcohol and 20% use cigarettes. The most common age group affected by cocaine and heroin addiction is 26–36 years. The majority enters to exposure of the drug by friends and the income mostly is by theft.

Research progress in detoxification of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Drug addiction is not only destructive to human's own health,but also a serious threat to the harmony and stability of family and society. Getting rid of drug addiction through Chinese materia medica (CMM) has a long history, with the advantages (e.g. no addiction and multi-targets effects) to which Western medicine can not match, rendering it a hotspot in domestic and international research. The rehabilitation medicines of nine herbal drugs have been developed under the guidance of the ever improving detoxification theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Clinical practice has proved that CMM detoxification agents have the remarkable curative effect in the treatment of protracted withdrawal syndrome, relapse prevention, etc, and have no addiction. In this paper, author reviews the progress in the studies on the active detoxification ingredients of single Chinese herb and therapeutic mechanism of CMM detoxification agents for the purpose of providing the certain references for the development of safer and more efficient detoxification medicines of CMM.

Apply on replacing treatment for heroine addiction by methadone at Spiritual Healthy Institute

Study 68 heroine addictions that used methadone for replacing treatment at Spiritual Healthy Institute. Results: prevalence of heroine addiction and drug addiction significantly increased; there wasn’t high-risk behavior (sharing syringes with others, unsafe sex, ect); prevalence of breaking the law was lower. The initiatives in work, self-service, and rate of productivity increased. There were an increasing in psychological rehabilitation, entertainments, and interests of the others. Methadone therapy has been applied in many countries, but it is initially in Vietnam.

La drogadicción y el sistema inmunológico / Drogaddiction and the inmune system

La presente revision pretende reunir algunas de la evidencias existentes acerca del efecto de marihuana, morfina, heroina y cocaina sobre el sistema inminologico. Se hace en primer lugar una breve introduccion sobre los aspectos farmacologicos de cada una de las drogas para luego presentar la informacion relacionada con parametros inmunologicos bien sea en humanos, en modelos animales o in vitro. La conclusion general es que todas estas sustancias tiene accion moduladora sobre la expresion de receptores a nivel de las membranas celulares. El efeto de la cocaina parece ser de modulacion positiva, es decir que mejora las respuestas lo cual se corelaciona con la poca evidencia de enfermedades de origen infeccioso en adictos a esta sustancia, a diferencia de los opiaceos y la marihuana. Es necesario, sinembargo, disenar experimentos con un control mas estricto de todas las variblaes involucradas en la drogadiccion a fin de depurar resultados aparentemente contradictorios que impiden llegar a conclusiones definitivas

This paper reviews some available evidence on the immunological effects of marijuana, morphine, heroine and cocaine. After a short introduction on the pharmacological aspects of these drugs, we present human, animal and In vitro data on different parameters related with the immune system. A general conclusion is that all these drugs modulate the expression of receptors on cellular membranes. Cocaine seems to be a positive modulator since it increases immune responses which agrees with the fact that cocaine addicts do not frequently develop infectious problems. On the contrary, the other drugs seem to induce some immuno suppression and those with addiction to them present infections with a higher frequency. Nevertheless, before a final conclusion can be made, more studies carefully controlling all variables involved in drug addiction should be done in order to solve some of the apparent contradictions frequently found In the Literature