A heterologia em Georges Bataille: da despesa ao gozo / The heterology of Georges Bataille: from expenditure to jouissance / L'heterologiede Geroges Bataille: de la dépense à la jouissance

O texto parte da noção batailleana de despesa buscando explicitar a dimensão fundamental que esta representa em seu sistema de pensamento e como está intimamente relacionada à dimensão do gozo, tal como Lacan a desenvolve. Aponta como Bataille mostra-se pioneiro ao construir uma teoria dos dejetos que está intimamente relacionada com esta noção de despesa e consequentemente com a noção de gozo, que ele chamará de sua heterologia, ou "ciência do heterogêneo". Busca-se mostrar como o autor, ao apresentar-se como o mais importante crítico do movimento surrealista, soube se posicionar de forma ousada e corajosa ao desenvolver uma teoria subversiva, que fazia dos excrementos um valor de uso. Além disso, como constrói um sistema de pensamento baseado na ideia de abjeção, como uma política de salvação pelos dejetos

The heterology of Georges Bataille: from expenditure to jouissance: The text starts from bataille'snotion of expenditure, seeking to expose the fundamental dimension that it represents in its system of thought and how it is closely related to the dimension of jouissance, as Lacan develops it. It points out how Bataille is a pioneer in constructing a theory of waste that is intimately related to this notion of expenditure and consequently to the notion of jouissance, which he will call his heterology, or "heterogeneous science". It seeks to show how the author, when presenting himself as the most important critic of the Surrealist movement, knew how to take a bold and courageous position when developing a subversive theory, which gave the droppings a use value. This work also seeks to demonstrate how he builds a system of thought based on the idea of abjection, as a policy of salvation through waste.

L'heterologiede Geroges Bataille: de la dépense à la jouissance: Le texte part de la notion bataillienne de la dépense, cherchant à rendre explicite la dimension fondamentale qu'elle représente dans son système de pensée et comment elle est intimement liée à la dimension de la jouissance telle que Lacan la développe. Il montre comment Bataille se montre pionnier dans la construction d'une théorie des dechets étroitement liée à cette notion de dépense et par conséquent à la notion de jouissance, qu'il appellera son hétérologie, ou «science de l'hétérogène¼. Il cherche à montrer comment l'auteur vié, en se présentant comme le critique le plus important du mouvement surréaliste, a su prendre une position audacieuse et courageuse lors du développement d'une théorie subversive, qui faisait des excréments une valeur d'usage. De plus, nous verrons comment il construit un système de pensée basé sur l'idée d'abjection, comme politique de salut par le déchets.

Simultaneous detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine and ephedrine by heterology competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Background: Simultaneous screening of ephedrine with amphetamine or methamphetamine in drug abusers is useful in countries, such as Thailand, that prohibit the use of ephedrine. The lack of an adequate screening test kit suitable for this purpose is a significant obstacle in the detection of ephedrine abusers. A reliable analytical method for the simultaneous detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine and ephedrine is needed. Objective: To develop a process for the detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine and ephedrine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on the polyclonal antibody and heterology principle. Methods: The 3-aminopropyl (3AP) and 4-aminobutyl (4AB) derivatives of amphetamine (A), methamphetamine (M) and ephedrine (E) were chemically synthesized. They were used for the preparations of immunogens and hapten tracers. Direct competitive ELISA of matrix combinations of antisera and hapten tracers were performed using amphetamine, methamphetamine and ephedrine as the analytes. Only the competitive reactions with specified sensitivity and specificity are selected. Results: The study discovered three assay combinations that demonstrated concentration-dependent competition of analyte (single or multiple). They passed the confirmation test for the cut-off concentration and had no cross-reactivity with other amines or structured related compounds. The assay combinations of 4ABA-Ab with 3APA-PO and 4ABE-Ab with 3APM-PO were specific for the detection of amphetamine with ephedrine and methamphetamine with ephedrine, respectively. The third assay combination of 4ABE-Ab with 3APE-PO was highly specific to ephedrine with negligible cross-reactivity from other structure-related compounds. Direct competitive ELISA of 4ABE-Ab with 3APM-PO has been proven useful in field tests for the detection of methamphetamine in urine samples from Thai truck drivers suspected of drug abuse. Conclusion: By using heterology, these three assay combinations could be used separately or simultaneously for drug abuse screening.