Spontaneous Intracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection in a 2-Year-Old Child Diagnosed with High-Resolution MRI: a Case Report

Although many imaging modalities can play some roles in the diagnosis of vertebral artery dissection (VAD), digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard method, with the highest detection rate and ability to assist in planning for endovascular treatment. However, this tool is often avoided in children because its invasive nature and it exposes them to radiation. High resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) have been suggested to be a reliable and non-invasive alternative, but it has never been discussed in children in whom vertebral artery dissection is a rare condition. In this report, we evaluate a case of a 2-year-old child who initially presented with cerebellar symptoms, and was early diagnosed with vertebral artery dissection using HR-MRI and was successfully treated.

An Adult Moyamoya Disease Confirmed by Ring Finger Protein 213 Gene Test and Radiological Studies

A 63-year-old female complained of transient dysarthria. MRA was conducted to evaluate this symptom, revealing distal internal carotid artery occlusion with collateral vessel development, suggesting Moyamoya disease, which had not been detected in MRA performed 5 years previously. Vascular risk factors and laboratory findings suggested no cardiac or autoimmune diseases. The diameter of stenosis of the middle cerebral artery on high-resolution MRI was 2.11 mm, and genetic evaluation revealed mutation of the gene encoding ring finger protein 213 (RNF213). High-resolution MRI and gene studies are useful for distinguishing between Moyamoya disease and atherosclerosis.

Preliminary study on serial observation of rabbit carotid arteriosclerosis model before and after carotid endarterectomy with high resolution MRI / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To serially observe carotid arteriosclerosis in rabbit model before and after CEA using high-resolution MRI. Methods Using New Zealand rabbits, lesions were created by air-drying an isolated segment of common carotid artery (120ml/min for 15min) and feeding the rabbits with a diet of 2% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil mixed with normal diet for 2 months. High-resolution MRI examinations were performed for 1 normal rabbit, 4 rabbits with replicated arteriosclerosis before CEA, and 2 rabbits with arteriosclerosis 10 days after CEA, and the results were compared with pathological findings. Results High-resolution MRI revealed the contour and shape of the type II to type IV lesions of rabbit carotid arteriosclerosis model. The MRI images of the lesions corresponded well with the pathological findings. The fibrous plaques were showed as low signals on TOF film, gray images on T 1, T 2, and PDW film, and were obviously enhanced by Gd-DTPA. The MRI images obtained 10 days after CEA also corresponded well with the neo-intima. Conclusion High-resolution MRI can be used as an effective non-invasive method to serially observe the arteriosclerosis lesion of rabbit carotid artery before and after CEA.