Experience of Treating Hyperthyroidism in Lingnan Region with Modified Huanglian Decoction （黄连汤） / 中医杂志

The climate in the Lingnan area south China is characterized by high temperature and rainy days， and in terms of the eating habits， the local people are more addicted to raw， cold and savory food， all of which make Lingnan people prone to a constitution of upper heat and lower cold， and pathological manifestations of upper heat and lower cold. It is believed that the main pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism in Lingnan area is the upper heat and the lower cold， manifested as spleen yang deficiency and stomach fire excess， or kidney water depletion and heart fire hyperactivity， leading to upper heat and lower cold syndrome caused by disharmony of yin and yang and abnormal ascending and descending. Therefore， spleen cold and stomach heat and disharmony between the heart and the kidney are the main syndromes of hyperthyroidism in Lingnan area. Modified Huanglian Decoction （黄连汤） is commonly used. Additionally， for spleen cold and stomach heat syndrome， Fushen （Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis） and Baizhu （Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae） can be added to supplement spleen and stomach， thereby treating both the root and the branch. In terms of the disharmony between the heart and the kidney syndrome， Muli （Concha Ostreae） is usually added to subdue yang and supplement yin， together with Wuweizi （Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis） to supplement kidney and calm heart and Shashen （Radix Adenophorae seu Glehniae） to nourish yin and engender liquid， thereby enriching kidney-water and moistening heart-yin. Modification of the formulas is suggested in accordance with the syndromes to achieve a better effect.

Identification of chemical components and network pharmacology of Huanglian Decoction based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology / 中国中药杂志

The chemical components of Huanglian Decoction were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. The gradient elution was conducted in Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature of 35 ℃. The MS adopted the positive and negative ion mode of electrospray ionization(ESI), and the MS data were collected under the scanning range of m/z 100-1 500. Through high-resolution MS data analysis, combined with literature comparison and confirmation of reference substances, this paper identified 134 chemical components in Huanglian Decoction, including 12 alkaloids, 23 flavonoids, 22 terpenes and saponins, 12 phenols, 7 coumarins, 12 amino acids, 23 organic acids, and 23 other compounds, and the medicinal sources of the compounds were ascribed. Based on the previous studies, 7 components were selected as the index components. Combined with the network pharmacology research and analysis me-thods, the protein and protein interaction(PPI) network information of the intersection targets was obtained through the STRING 11.0 database, and 20 core targets of efficacy were screened out. In this study, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology was successfully used to comprehensively analyze and identify the chemical components of Huanglian Decoction, and the core targets of its efficacy were discussed in combination with network pharmacology, which laid the foundation for clarifying the material basis and quality control of Huanglian Decoction.

Quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Following the preparation of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction from 18 batches, the method for detecting their characteristic spectra was established to identify the similarity range and peak attribution. The content and transfer rate ranges of the index components coptisine, palmatine, berberine, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, and cinnamaldehyde and the extraction amount were combined for analyzing the quality value transfer from the Chinese medicinal pieces to substance benchmarks and clarifying the key quality attributes of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction. The results showed that the substance benchmarks in Huang-lian Decoction of 18 batches exhibited good similarity in characteristic spectra(all greater than 0.98). There were 17 characteristic peaks identified in the substance benchmarks of Huanglian Decoction, including 10 from Coptidis Rhizoma, 3 from Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle(processed with water), 1 from Zingiberis Rhizoma, and 3 from Cinnamomi Ramulus. The contents and average transfer rates of the index components were listed as follows: coptisine 2.20-6.46 mg·g~(-1) and 18.50%±2.93%; palmatine 3.03-8.13 mg·g~(-1) and 26.56%±4.69%; berberine 7.71-22.29 mg·g~(-1) and 17.34%±3.00%; liquiritin 0.88-2.18 mg·g~(-1) and 9.88%±4.88%; glycyrrhizic acid 1.83-4.44 mg·g~(-1) and 8.50%±3.72%; 6-gingerol 0.56-1.43 mg·g~(-1) and 11.36%±2.37%; cinnamaldehyde 1.55-3.48 mg·g~(-1) and 19.02%±4.36%. The extraction amount of the substance benchmarks from the 18 batches was controlled at 10.65%-13.88%. In this paper, the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction was analyzed based on the characteristic spectra, the index component contents and the extraction amount, which has provided a basis for the subsequent development of Huanglian Decoction and the quality control of its related preparations.

Therapeutic effects of Baizhu Huanglian Decoction on ulcerative colitis in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of Baizhu Huanglian Decoction on rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Methods SD rats were used to make rat UC model by TNBS enema. A total of 74 rats were divided into 6 groups with half of each group being male. Model group had 14 rats, and Baizhu Huanglian Decoction low-, middle- and high-dose groups, control group and sulfasalazine group had 12 rats in each group. One rat in the model group and one in the sulfasalazine group were dead on the 2nd day of modeling. After modeling, the rats of Baizhu Huanglian Decoction low-, middle- and high-dose group were intragastrically given (2 times a day, each time with 2 mL) Baizhu Huanglian Decoction of 6.895, 13.790 and 27.580 g/kg, respectively. Sulfasalazine group was given sulfasalazine suspension by gavage 0.2 g/kg (2 times a day, each time with 2 mL) and model group was given the same amount of normal saline after modeling. Normal control group was always given normal saline. After 10 days of continuous administration, the body mass and fecal characteristics of the rats were observed. At the end of the administration, the colonic pathological changes of colon and the length of colorectal were measured. The colon pathology and colon mucosal injury index (CMDI) score were evaluated. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with the model group, the body mass of the rats were significantly increased on the 4th-10th day after administration in the Baizhu Huanliang Decoction low-, middle- and high-dose groups and sulfasalazine group (all P0.05), which had no significant difference versus normal control group. Fecal characteristic scores of the Baizhu Huanglian Decoction high-dose groups and the sulfasalazine group were lower than those of the model group and the Baizhu Huanglian Decoction middle- and low-dose groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Compared with the model group, the colorectal lengths of the rats were significantly longer in Baizhu Huanglian Decoction middle- and high-dose groups and sulfasalzine group (all P0.05). The colon pathology scores were significantly lower in the Baizhu Huanglian Decoction low-, middle- and high-dose group, and sulfasalazine group versus the model group (all P0.05). CMDI scores of Baizhu Huanglian Decoction high-dose group and sulfasalazine group were significantly lower than those of the model group (both P0.05). The levels of NO, iNOS, MPO and IL-6 of the rat colonic tissues were significantly lower in Baizhu Huanliang Decoction low-, middle- and high-dose groups, and sulfasalazine group than those in the model group (all P0.05). Conclusion Baizhu Huanglian Decoction can improve the general condition and colonic lesions of rats with UC, decreasing the levels of NO, iNOS, MPO and IL-6 and reducing the inflammation.

In vitro and in vivo intestinal absorption of Huanglian decoction in multi-component environment / 中国中药杂志

The effect of drugs in the body is always inseparable with the dynamic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. For oral drug, absorption, as the first link to enter the body, is particularly valued. Traditional Chinese medicine has multiple components and multiple targets, and the nature of its single composition is different from that in the multicomponent environment. Alkaloids in Huanglian extract was used as the main object in this study to establish an analytical method for determining the content of alkaloids in Huanglian. In addition, the compositions of the Huanglian aqueous extract solution which can be absorbed through intestinal wall into blood, were initially determined by the means of everted gut sac and in intestinal perfusion with venous sampling experiment. This paper can provide data reference and support for the further study on the absorption and metabolism of Huanglian.

Application of compound coptis chinensis humidified fluid in oxygen administration / 中国基层医药

Objective The compound coptis chinensis humidified fluid was applied in oxygen administration,to observe the value of reducing the pulmanary hospital infection rate. Methods 30 patients given continuous oxygen administration were chosen and randomly divided into two groups according the hospital number.Cross-over design method(In the first stage,using normal saline as humidified fluid in group A,compound Coptis chinensis liquid as humidified fluid in group B.In the second stage,compound Coptis chinensis liquid as humidified fluid in group A,normal saline as humidified fluid in group B.)was used,and different clinical application effects were compared between compound Coptis chinensis liquid and normal saline. Results There were statistical difference between Compound Coptis chinensis liquid and normal saline as humidified fluid on the number of bacteria(F=73.701,P＜0.01),the rate of qualified rate(x2=52.50,P＜0.01).There was no difference between the two stages(F=0.984,P＞0.05)Conclusion Compound Coptis chinensis liquid could reduce the rate of contamination of humidified fluid,prevent the nosocomial pneumonia.