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Objective@#To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Human Calicivirus (HuCV) infection among children less than 5 years in Kunming city, Yunnan province, it might be provide effective evident for prevention and control the diarrhea related with HuCV infection.@*Methods@#Four sentinel hospitals were recruited in the study from Kunming city, Yunnan province, 850 diarrhea cases and 170 non-diarrhea subject were recruited in this study from 2014 to 2015. RT-PCR was performed to screen HuCV infection, and gene sequencing was used to ensure positive infection subtypes and genotypes.@*Results@#The positive rate of HuCV was higher in children with diarrhea than in non-diarrhea children (11.5%, 98/85; 4.7%, 8/170, χ2=7.083, P=0.008), and the positive rate of Norovirus (NoV) GII was higher in non-diarrhea children were (11.1%, 94/85; 4.7%, 8/170, χ2=6.353, P=0.012). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of NoV GI (0.1%, 1/850; 0.0%, 0/170, P=0.833) and Sappovirus (0.4%, 3/850; 0.0%, 0/170, P=0.578) in diarrhea children and non-diarrhea children. GII.P4 (10%, n=102) was the most important genotype of NoV GII detected in diarrhea and non-diarrhea individuals. Despite no significant difference in Norovirus GII infection between different age groups (χ2=0.038, P=0.846) and sex(χ2=0.620, P=0.733), infection rate of NoV GII varied with season (χ2=9.867, P=0.020), having close relationship with diarrhea in autumn (15.6%), primarily caused by GII.4 and GII.12 genotype (χ2=8.881, P=0.031; χ2=7.917, P=0.039).@*Conclusions@#NoV GII diarrhea had higher epidemic rate, which was caused by multiple genotypes, GII.P4 was a dominant genotype, and was a major pathogenic agent of diarrhea in infants f in Kunming city.
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Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of human rotavirus (HRV),human calicivirus (HuCV),human astrovirus (HAstV) and human enteral adenovirus (HAdV)in Ningxia province during 2011. Methods Stool specimen was collected from acute diarrhea case of Ningxia during 2011. HRV was detected by ELISA and serotype/genotype identified on those RT-PCR positive specimens. HuCV,HAstV and HAdV were detected by RT-PCR. Results In this study,a total of 690 specimens were detected,with the infection rates of HRV,HuCV,HAstV and HAdV as 2.17%,21.74%,3.19%and 6.52%,respectively. Co-infections were found in 4.20%of all the samples being tested. Among 15 HRV positive cases,serotypes G1,G3 and P[4]were the most predominant strains. Conclusion Children who were under 2 years of age were the majority among patients infected by diarrhea viruses while HuCV was recognized as the main pathogen responsible for the viral diarrhea casses in Ningxia,2011.
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Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of human rotavirus (HRV),human calicivirus (HuCV),human astrovirus (HAstV) and human enteral adenovirus (HAdV)in Ningxia province during 2011. Methods Stool specimen was collected from acute diarrhea case of Ningxia during 2011. HRV was detected by ELISA and serotype/genotype identified on those RT-PCR positive specimens. HuCV,HAstV and HAdV were detected by RT-PCR. Results In this study,a total of 690 specimens were detected,with the infection rates of HRV,HuCV,HAstV and HAdV as 2.17%,21.74%,3.19%and 6.52%,respectively. Co-infections were found in 4.20%of all the samples being tested. Among 15 HRV positive cases,serotypes G1,G3 and P[4]were the most predominant strains. Conclusion Children who were under 2 years of age were the majority among patients infected by diarrhea viruses while HuCV was recognized as the main pathogen responsible for the viral diarrhea casses in Ningxia,2011.
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PURPOSE: Norovirus infection, a common cause of community-acquired gastroenteritis, can also lead to severe illness in immunocompromised patients. We investigated clinical manifestations of norovirus infection in pediatric cancer patients. METHODS: Stool specimens were collected from pediatric patients with gastrointestinal symptoms between November 2008 and September 2009 at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Norovirus infection was identified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A retrospective chart review was performed in pediatric cancer patients who were diagnosed with norovirus infection. RESULTS: Ten patients were diagnosed with norovirus infection by RT-PCR in stool samples. The median age was 0.83 years (range 0.25-5.5 years) and the male to female ratio was 1.5:1 (6 males and 4 females). Underlying diseases were hematologic malignancies (4/10, 40%), neuroblastoma (4/10, 40%), and brain tumors (2/10, 20%). Three patients were infected before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and four patients after HCT. All patients had diarrhea (10/10, 100%), with a median frequency of diarrhea of 8.5 times/day (range 4-22 times/day). Median virus shedding duration was 72.5 days (range 19-299 days). Four patients with pneumatosis intestinalis were conservatively treated with bowel rest and total parenteral nutrition. One patient with severe diarrhea and bloody stool had concomitant chronic gut graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Norovirus infection-related mortality was not observed. CONCLUSION: Norovirus infection can cause significant clinical manifestations with prolonged viral shedding in immunocom-promised patients. Norovirus should be considered in pediatric cancer patients with severe gastrointestinal symptoms.