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Objective@#To analyze the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)exposure and rheumatoid arthritis(RA)based on large sample data.@*Methods@#The RA patients(RA group)and non-RA patients(non-RA group)with complete data were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey Database in the United States(NHANES)(2005—2014). The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between 8 monohydroxylated(OH-)PAH metabolites in the urine and RA.@*Results@#A total of 357 RA patients and 5, 256 non-RA participants were included.After adjusting the confounding factors by logistic analysis, the level of OH-PAHs mixture at the highest quartile(Q4)was associated with increased risk of RA compared with that at the lowest quartile(Q1)(OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.16-2.23). For a single kind of OH-PAHs, the Q4 levels of 1-hydroxynaphthalene(OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.14-2.23), 2-hydroxynaphthalene(OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.19-2.32), 2-hydroxyfluorene(OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.17-2.22), 3-hydroxyfluorene(OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.18-2.27)and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene(OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.00-1.94)were all associated with significantly increased risk of RA compared with the Q1 level(all P<0.05). However, the Q2 level of 1-hydroxypyrene(OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.43-0.83)was related to a decreased incidence of RA(P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#OH-PAHs mixed exposure is a risk factor for RA.The association between the level of individual OH-PAH and the rate of RA is bidirectional and is depended on the type and concentration of OH-PAHs.
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Objective To detect levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its downstream molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD),and to analyze the correlation of their expression with serum cytokines and the severity of AD.Methods Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to analyze mRNA expression of AhR,cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A1),AhR repressor (AHRR),AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) in PBMCs from 29 AD patients and 17 healthy controls,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,IL-4,IL-22 and AhR in the AD patients,and immunohistochemical study to determine AhR expression in skin lesions of the AD patients and normal skin tissues of 21 patients with pigmented nevus.Measurement data were compared by using unpaired Student's t test,enumeration data were compared by using chi-square test,and correlations between indices were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The serum level of AhR was significantly higher in the AD group (41.26 ± 4.52 pmol/L) than in the healthy control group (33.73 ± 2.49 pmol/L,t =6.507,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with the healthy control group,the AD group showed significantly increased mRNA expression ofAhR (1.572 ± 0.392 vs.1.000 ± 0.173,t =6.819,P =0.007),AHRR (2.402 ±1.716 vs.1.000 ± 0.788,t =3.722,P =0.039),CYP1A1 (2.258 ± 1.598 vs.1.000 ± 0.796,t =3.400,P =0.002) and ARNT (1.383 ± 0.842 vs.1.000 ± 0.586,t =1.653,P =0.105) in PBMCs.The AhR expression in skin lesions in the AD group was significantly higher than that in normal skin tissues in the control group (0.191 ± 0.041 vs.0.087 ± 0.017,t =10.036,P ＜ 0.001).In the AD group,the mRNA expression of AhR in PBMCs was positively correlated with eczema area and severity index score (r =0.448,P =0.019) and the serum IL-6 level (r =0.377,P =0.046),and the AHRR mRNA expression was positively correlated with the serum IL-1β level (r =0.467,P =0.021).Conclusion AhR and its downstream molecules were highly expressed in the AD patients compared with healthy controls,and the AhR expression was positively correlated with the serum IL-6 level and AD severity in AD patients,suggesting that the AhR signaling pathway may play a certain role in pathogenesis of AD and AhR may serve as an efficient index for evaluating AD severitv.
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Objective To analyze the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)exposure and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)based on large sample data.Methods The RA patients(RA group)and non-RA patients(non-RA group)with complete data were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey Database in the United States(NHANES)(2005-2014).The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between 8 monohydroxylated(OH-)PAH metabolites in the urine and RA.Results A total of 357 RA patients and 5,256 non-RA participants were included.After adjusting the confounding factors by logistic analysis,the level of OH-PAHs mixture at the highest quartile(Q4)was associated with increased risk of RA compared with that at the lowest quartile(Q1) (OR =1.60,95 ％ CI:1.16 2.23).For a single kind of OH-PAHs,the Q4 levels of 1-hydroxynaphthalene (OR =1.59,95 ％ CI.1.14-2.23),2-hydroxynaphthalene (OR =1.66,95 ％ CI:1.19-2.32),2-hydroxyfluorene(OR =1.61,95 ％ CI:1.17-2.22),3-hydroxyfluorene(OR =1.64,95％ CI:1.18-2.27) and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (OR =1.38,95 ％ CI:1.00-1.94) were all associated with significantly increased risk of RA compared with the Q1 level(all P＜0.05).However,the Q2 level of 1-hydroxypyrene(OR =0.60,95％ CI:0.43-0.83) was related to a decreased incidence of RA (P＜0.01).Conclusions OH-PAHs mixed exposure is a risk factor for RA.The association between the level of individual OH-PAH and the rate of RA is bidirectional and is depended on the type and concentration of OH-PAHs.
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Objective To study the mutagenic effect of reclaimed water in Tianjin. Methods Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of target compounds from water samples. Ames test was used to detect mutation. Results PAHs were detected in both low-water and high-water period,including fluorene,phenanthrene,naphthalene,acenaphthylene and acenaphthene. In the high-water period, the total concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs was 1 777.9 ng/L and 1 380.1 ng/L in untreated reclaimed water and treated reclaimed water respectively, in the low-water period,it was 2 225.1 ng/L and 1 827.1 ng/L respectively. Ames test showed that both untreated reclaimed water and treated reclaimed water could induce mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains with a dose-response relationship. Conclusion The reclaimed water used in Tianjin still contains PAHs of a certain level, which have mutagenic effect.