The randomised prospective comparative study to see the duration of analgesia following intravenous or rectal acetaminophen after adenotonsillectomy in children

Background: The greatest advance in pediatric pain medicine is the recognition that untreated pain is a significant cause of morbidity and even mortality after surgical trauma. Author compared the analgesic efficacy and duration of analgesia of rectal acetaminophen and I.V. acetaminophen.Methods: A total of 80 children in the age group of 2-5 years were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups. Group I received 15 mg/kg I.V. paracetamol and group II received 40 mg/kg rectal acetaminophen. Post-operative pain scores were measured using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability scale and duration of analgesia were recorded and compared.Results: The pain scores in group I was lower immediately after extubation and at 30 minutes post extubations but at one, two and four hours the pains score were comparable in both the groups. At 6 hours, the pain score was significantly more in I.V. group and also the duration of analgesia was 9-10 hours in rectal acetaminophen group where as in I.V. group, it was 5-6 hours.Conclusions: Rectal acetaminophen 40 mg/kg produces prolonged analgesia as compared to I.V. paracetamol 15 mg/kg and also is more convenient and cost effective and is devoid of side effects of I.V. cannulation.

A study to assess and develop injection administration skill in medical undergraduates of GMC, Bhopal

Background: Injections are one of the vital route of drug administration in emergency medical practice. WHO has estimated that out of 12 billion injections administered worldwide annually 50% are unsafe and 75% are unnecessary. Despite of humungous efforts medical students still lack the confidence in injecting drugs due to stress for post graduation selection. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of students regarding administration of I.M. and I.V. injections; to make students confident and skilful about administration of I.M. and I.V. injections and to assess the proportion of students who can skilfully administer I.V. and I.M. before and after this intervention.Methods: This was a Quasi experimental study carried out on 150 students of junior final medical students of GMC Bhopal for a period of three months.Results: Out of effective 136 students, 93.4% had ever seen I.M./ I.V. administration. 29.4% have administered I.M. and 16.9% I.V. injection ever. A significant increase in knowledge regarding I.M. and I.V. administration technique is observed following interventional training of the participants. Significant gain in self confidence among the students was perceived.Conclusions: There was a convincing increase in skillful knowledge and self-confidence for parenteral injection technique among medical undergraduates.

Some normal Results of Brainstem Evoked Response / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry test is a method to diagnose and differentiate the type, degree and the location of cochlear and retroocochlear hearing loss for infants early. Test methods to determine cochlear and retroocochlear hearing loss was introduced relatively late in the clinical practice of our country. Even though, we started to conduct BERA tests since 2007, there hasn’t beenany research conducted for determining the normal results for children aged 0-5. Aim: The study aims to determine some average Results of BERA tests for Mongolian children aged 0-5 with normal hearing by age groups using Octavus-BERA apparatus.The research has been conducted using cross sectional method of analytic research from 2009-2013.For the study, 110 children from children aged 0-5 who were diagnosed to have normal hearing from audiological department of Otorhinolaryngological hospital and 16 children with sensorineural (cochlear) hearing loss have been selected randomly. When the latency of waves for children aged 0-5 with normal hearing were measured and the average results for 70 dB were obtained in the BERA test: wave I was identified to be 1.64±0.15 – 2.08±0.5msec. Wave III was 3.68±0.18 - 4.47±0.73 msec, Wave V was 5.37±0.23 - 6.76±0.65 sec. When the latency between waves were measured and the average results were obtained in the BERA test: Between waves I-III, it was 2.05±0.20 – 2.39±0.53 msec. Between waves III-V was 1.69±0.10 -2.34±0.70 msec and between waves I-V was 3.70±0.29 - 4.65±0.56 msec. The latency of wave I for children with sensorineural hearing loss was 2.32±0.76 msec, 4.62±0.59msec for wave III and 6.55±0.65 msec for wave V, which was elongated with a statistical probability (p=0.00-0.05). Latency between waves was 2.39±0.45 msec between wave I-III, 1.83±0.16 msec between waves III-V and 3.97±0.88 msec between waves I-V, which doesn’t have statistically significant difference from the normal results.As the children’s age increases, the latency of the waves will shorten and becomes relatively stable from 25-30 months which is similar to adults. While the latency between waves I-III had no difference with statistical probability for children with all ages, latencies for waves III-V and I-V shortens as children’s age increases.Latency for children with sensorineural hearing loss was elongated with statistical probability (p0.05). This Result has critical importance in diagnosing cochlear deafness.

Clinical and demographic trends in a sexually transmitted infection clinic in ahmedabad (2003-2012): An epidemiologic analysis.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute a major public health problem for nations worldwide. The emergence of HIV infection has increased the importance of measures aimed at control of STIs. Knowledge of both clinical and demographic changes in STI population may help us better cater our prevention programs to the target population. Aims & Objective: To assess the changing demographic and clinical trends of STIs in a tertiary centre in Ahmedabad over a 10-year period. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of 3606 patients attending a STI clinic in a tertiary hospital in Ahmedabad over a period of ten years (2003-2012). Results: The clinic evaluated 239 patients in 2003, which has increased to 592 in 2012. Women were major attendees. While in 2003, the majority of STIs were viral infections (35%), fungal infections are the most common STIs currently (54%). The most common clinical presentation in 2003 was an ulcer (60%) but with the rise of fungal infections, vaginal/cervical discharge has become the most common presentation. HIV seropositivity over the 10-year period was 6.5%., with herpes genitalis being the single most commonly associated STI. Conclusion: Though fungal STIs form the largest group of STls in Ahmedabad, the plite of viral infections could not be underestimated. Viral infections are not only difficult to treat and have higher chances of recurrence but also associated with high prevalence of HIV. Thus, STI patients continue to be an important risk group for HIV prevention in Ahmedabad, India.

A study of seroprevalence and determinants of HIV and HBsAg among antenatal mothers in tertiary and secondary care hospital at Bareilly.

Background: HIV and Hepatitis B are devastating diseases causing serious global public health problems and are rampant in this part of the country. Risk of vertical transmission occurs in a large number of cases in the absence of immunoprophylaxis. About 30% of world’s population has serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. Detection of carriers is important in control of infections of this magnitude, failure of which may result in serious complications. Aims & Objective: To study of seroprevalence & determinants of HIV and HBsAg among antenatal mothers in tertiary & secondary care hospitals at Bareilly. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly. All patients attending Antenatal OPD of a Tertiary and secondary care hospitals, over a period of three years were assessed by subjecting them to serological tests for detection of HIV & HBsAg. Data was extensively analyzed and compared. Results: A total of 30,162 patients attended antenatal OPD during the study period, of which 20,699 were tested for HIV and 20,941 were tested for HBsAg. Of these, 12 (0.058%) were positive for HIV and 37 (0.18%) were positive for HBsAg. Conclusion: We studied the dynamics of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus transmission among pregnant women and the factors responsible for its spread to help us take plausible interventions to prevent vertical transmission. The seroprevalence of HIV & HBsAg was low, nonetheless posing a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of HIV is found to be low, but it cannot actually be determined due to a very high refusal rate.

Profile and clinical features of HIV positive patients attending Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre in a Medical College Hospital of Hassan, Karnataka.

Background: HIV infection is a major public health problem as it has dramatically increased the global burden of disease. HIV infected patients experience a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. Aims & Objective: Our objective was to study the profile of clinical features and opportunistic infections in HIV infected patients attending a tertiary care medical college hospital in Hassan, Karnataka. Material and Methods: A total of 124 HIV infected patients attending the ART Centre and the ICTC of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka were enrolled in the study, after obtaining informed consent. Clinical symptoms were recorded by direct questioning. Documented opportunistic infections were noted from patient records. Results: 80 (64.5%) HIV positive patients were males and 44 (35.5%) females. Mean age of the patients was 36.5 ± 6.0 years. The common symptoms were lethargy and fatigue 90 (72.5%), prolonged fever 86 (69.3%), weakness 84 (67.7%), body-ache and joint pain 84 (67.7%), loss of appetite 82 (66.1%), weight loss 80 (64.5%), cough (44.5%), chronic diarrhoea 68 (54.8%) and Nausea and Vomiting 64 (51.6%).The overall proportion of symptomatic patients was significantly higher than the number with etiologically documented opportunistic infections (41.9%). Pulmonary tuberculosis (37.9%) was the most frequently documented opportunistic infection. Conclusion: Affordable high quality laboratory diagnostic facilities for the diagnosis of opportunistic infections under the public health program will help to obtain an accurate picture of the range of opportunistic infections in HIV patients in India.

Comparison of Serum Prolactin Level between I.V. Ranitidne and I.V Cimetidine Administration in Albino Rabbits and Possible Role of Histamine 1 and 2 Receptors in Prolactin Secretion.

The serum prolactin levels of eighteen normal rabbits are measured by using method of RIA. The values before drug treatment are taken as the control values of each group. Prolactin levels after 15, 30 and 45 minutes of i.v. Ranitidine treated group, when compared to its own control values, are not significantly raised whereas those levels after i.v. cimetidine are raised significantly in the paired t-test. Prolactin levels of i.v.cimetidine group , when compared with iv ranitidine group by unpaired t-test, are significantly raised [t = 2.737, 4.215 and 2.834 at 10,15, 45 minutes intervals respectively, at 10 degree of freedom, (p < 0.05)]. In the comparison between i.v. cimetidine and i.v. cimetidine pretreated with i.v. diphenhydramine groups (by unpaired t- test), presence of diphenhydramine HCl can cause statistically significant reduction at 30,45 minutes (at 10 degree of freedom. t- 2.666 and 2.440 respectively, (p < 0.05). The result shows that i.v.cimetidine can significantly liberate prolactin from the Ant. Pituitary, unlike i.v. ranitidine. Central H1 and H2 receptors contribute in prolactin secretion.

Modificación en la información sobre la infección por VIH/SIDA del personal estomatológico en 10 años / Modification in the information about the HIV/AIDS infection of the stomatologic personnel in 10 years

Fundamento: En 1995 la autora demostró un déficit en la información mínima indispensable sobre la infección por VIH/SIDA, y cómo proceder seguro en los tratamientos a las personas viviendo con esta enfermedad. Con posterioridad, se capacitó a gran parte del personal de post grado y se incluyó en los programas de pre grado. Diez años después, conocimos la situación y la comparamos. Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar la evolución de la información que sobre la infección de VIH/SIDA y aspectos de bioseguridad tenía el personal de estomatología en la provincia Camagüey, diez años después de realizarse las primeras intervenciones educativas para modificar esta información. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, se aplicó la misma encuesta que al inicio del estudio, a una muestra conformada por doscientos noventa y tres personas entre profesionales, técnicos de atención estomatológica y estudiantes de 4to y 5to año de la carrera de estomatología. Los datos se procesaron en una computadora Pentium a través del paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows. Resultados: Se comprobó que hubo una modificación favorable después de los diez años de un 63,5 por ciento en el nivel de información general que sobre la infección por el VIH/SIDA tenía el personal de estomatología. Conclusión: En relación al estudio anterior, diez años después hubo una modificación favorable en el nivel de información general de la infección por VIH/SIDA en el personal de estomatología.

Background: In 1995 the author demonstrated a deficit in the indispensable minimal information about the HIV/AIDS infection, and how to proceed in the treatments to people living with this disease. Subsequently, a great part of the postgraduate personnel was capacitated and it was included in the pre-graduate programs. Ten years later, we knew the situation and we compare it. Objective: To evaluate and to compare the evolution of the information about the HIV/AIDS infection and the biosecurity aspects had the stomatological personnel in Camagüey province, ten years after of being carried out the first educational interventions to modify this information. Method: A descriptive study was conducted, and it was also applied the same survey of the beginning of the study, to a sample conformed by 293 people among professionals, technicians of stomatological care and students of 4th and 5th year of the stomatological career. Data were processed in a Pentium computer through the SPSS statistical package for Windows. Results: It was verified that there was a favorable modification after the ten years of 63, 5 percent in the level of the general information about the HIV/AIDS infection had the stomatological personnel. Conclusión: In relation to the previous study, in 10 years later had a favorable modification in the level of general information of the HIV/AIDS infection in the stomatologic staff.

Modulation of CD44/CD31 Expression and Apoptotic Status of Mobilized CD34+ Cells during Continuous Intravenous Administration of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in Normal Donors / 대한혈액학회지

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the modulation of CD44 and CD31 expression and apoptotic status on mobilized CD34+ cells during continuous intravenous (i.v.) administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), elucidating the mechanism of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) mobilization in normal donors. METHODS: Fifteen healthy donors were enrolled in this study. G-CSF (10 microgram/kg/day) was administered for 4 consecutive days through continuous i.v. infusion. Measurement of CD34+ cell levels and their expression of CD44, CD31 and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) was performed. PB sampling was drawn immediately before the administration of G-CSF (steady-state) and after 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of G- CSF administration. RESULTS: Although there were considerable variations among the healthy donors, the absolute number of CD34+ cells significantly increased at day 3 (51.12+/-24.83x103/mL) and day 4 (46.66+/-24.93x103/mL),compared to the steady-state level (2.03+/-5.69x103/mL). The expression of CD44 on CD34+ cells revealed a significant reduction from the steady-state level (579.59+/-133.69) after day 3 (281.02+/-105.15, P=0.0059) and day 4 (164.76+/-107.44, P=0.0002) of G-CSF administration. The expression of CD31 on CD34+ cells also significantly decreased from the steady-state level (145.86+/-30.52) after day 4 (34.47+/-38.87, P=0.0055) and day 5 (17.33+/-50.68, P=0.0134) of G-CSF administration. The proportions of apoptotic (7-AADdIm) CD34+ cells were also significantly decreased after day 3 of G-CSF administration. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of CD44 and CD31 on CD34+ cells is likely to be involved in the mobilization of PBPC and G- CSF may acts as a survival factor for mobilized CD34+ cells by the suppression of apoptosis during continuous i.v. administration of G-CSF in normal donors.

Contributing Factors for Favorable Outcome in Spite of Initially Poor Graded Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients(Hunt-Hess grade IV, V)

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality despite recent advance in the care of such patients. This is especially true in patients in poorer neurological condition(Hunt-Hess grade IV, V) after initial hemorrhage. Many factors are known to contribute to this poor outcome, but other factors might be contribute to the favorable outcome. This study underwent to examine in a prospective fashion to evaluate the influence of different clinical, radiological, and intra-operative factors upon eventual outcome to aid in determining the rationale for an aggressive management on individual cases. Total of 494 cases of SAH were surgically treated from Jan. 1984 to Sep. 1996. Among them, 92 cases(18.6%) were classified as Hunt-Hess grade IV, V. Favorable outcome was noted in 59 cases(64.1%), and poor outcome in 33 cases(35.9%). Statistically significant contributing factors for favorable outcome aare systolicBP24hr), and short operation time(<6hr).

Cauda Equina Syndrome after Laminectomy of Lumbar Spine with Application of Autogenous Free Fat Graft: A Case Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Although epidural fibrosis after laminectomy is considered to be the cause of pain in a number of patients, the exact relationship of postoperative scar tissue and symptoms remains controversial. However it is generally accepted that epidural fibrosis after surgical decompression of neural tissue has to be avoided. To diminish the likelihooa that such a scar will form, fat grafts have been used to create an interpositional membrane. Compression of a nerve after the use of a fat graft is rare; postoperative cauda equina syndrome, resulting from compression by a grafted fat. We report the case of a patient who had this complication.

Brain Surgery for Epilepsy under Propofol I.V. Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

The treatment for epilepsy has been studied throughout the course of human history. However, radical treatment of epilepsy has only been discovered recently with introduction of surgical treatment until now, palliative drug administration was common practice. During the anesthetic procedure for epilepsy surgery it is necessary for the patient to be alert and to cooperate with the surgeon while mapping and subcutaneous EEG test are carried out during the surgery. For this type of procedure, a new I.V. anesthetic, propofol is considered to be an ideal anesthetic agent because propofol is a short-acting and clear headed I.V. anesthetic agent for induction as the well as the maintenance of genenral anesthesia. In this study, only propofol was administered intravenously in 20 randomiied patients scheduled for brain surgery for epilepsy treatment. The mean infusion rate was 100 mcg/kg/min to maintain a satisfactory anesthesia. For the induction of anesthesia, slightly higher doses were required. The cardiovascular effects of propofol infusion was associated with slightly decrease of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures. Arterial blood gases were analyzed for the evaluation of ventilatory function. PaCO2 were 41+/-4.23 mmHg preoperatively, 44+/-5.28 mmHg 30 min. following sedation, 42+/-6.35 mmHg 30 min. following awakening, 46+/-6.37 mmHg 30 min. following resedation, 44+/-4.79 mmHg at 2 hours and 44+/-6.51 mmHg at 4 hours after resedation and 36+/-3.98 mmHg 30 min. following recovery. PaO2 were 101+/-31.3 mmHg preoperatively, 190+/-47.13 mmHg 30 min. following sedation, 195+/-32 mmHg 30 min. following awakening, 209+/-29.23 mmHg 30 min. and 210+/-34.55 mmHg at 2 hours and 190+/-37.36 mmHg 4 hours following resedation, and 10.2+/-31.36 mmHg 30 min. following. PH were 7.38 preoperatively, 7.34+/-0.04 following sedation, 7.34+/-0.03 30 min. following awakening, 7.34+/-0.03 at 30 min. following resedation, 7.35+/-0.03 at 2 hours and 7.36+/-0.03 at 4 hours following resedation, and 7.38+/-3.98 at 30 min. after recovery. The duration of anesthesia was 8.5-12 hours. The duration of propofol anesthesia ranged from 8 to 9 hours. The awakening time from the cessation of propofol infusion ranged from 3 to 17 minutes. As the result of this study, we came to the conclusion that propofol is an ideal intravenous anesthetic for brain surgery for epilepsy treatment.

Brain Surgery for Epilepsy under Propofol I.V. Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

The treatment for epilepsy has been studied throughout the course of human history. However, radical treatment of epilepsy has only been discovered recently with introduction of surgical treatment until now, palliative drug administration was common practice. During the anesthetic procedure for epilepsy surgery it is necessary for the patient to be alert and to cooperate with the surgeon while mapping and subcutaneous EEG test are carried out during the surgery. For this type of procedure, a new I.V. anesthetic, propofol is considered to be an ideal anesthetic agent because propofol is a short-acting and clear headed I.V. anesthetic agent for induction as the well as the maintenance of genenral anesthesia. In this study, only propofol was administered intravenously in 20 randomiied patients scheduled for brain surgery for epilepsy treatment. The mean infusion rate was 100 mcg/kg/min to maintain a satisfactory anesthesia. For the induction of anesthesia, slightly higher doses were required. The cardiovascular effects of propofol infusion was associated with slightly decrease of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures. Arterial blood gases were analyzed for the evaluation of ventilatory function. PaCO2 were 41+/-4.23 mmHg preoperatively, 44+/-5.28 mmHg 30 min. following sedation, 42+/-6.35 mmHg 30 min. following awakening, 46+/-6.37 mmHg 30 min. following resedation, 44+/-4.79 mmHg at 2 hours and 44+/-6.51 mmHg at 4 hours after resedation and 36+/-3.98 mmHg 30 min. following recovery. PaO2 were 101+/-31.3 mmHg preoperatively, 190+/-47.13 mmHg 30 min. following sedation, 195+/-32 mmHg 30 min. following awakening, 209+/-29.23 mmHg 30 min. and 210+/-34.55 mmHg at 2 hours and 190+/-37.36 mmHg 4 hours following resedation, and 10.2+/-31.36 mmHg 30 min. following. PH were 7.38 preoperatively, 7.34+/-0.04 following sedation, 7.34+/-0.03 30 min. following awakening, 7.34+/-0.03 at 30 min. following resedation, 7.35+/-0.03 at 2 hours and 7.36+/-0.03 at 4 hours following resedation, and 7.38+/-3.98 at 30 min. after recovery. The duration of anesthesia was 8.5-12 hours. The duration of propofol anesthesia ranged from 8 to 9 hours. The awakening time from the cessation of propofol infusion ranged from 3 to 17 minutes. As the result of this study, we came to the conclusion that propofol is an ideal intravenous anesthetic for brain surgery for epilepsy treatment.

Normal Statistical Considerations of Latencies of I, III & V-waves, and I-V, I-III, & III-V IPL in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials

Recently, brainstem auditory evoked potential is very important for the evaluation of functions of the 8th nerve & brainstem. Especially, it appears that waves I, III, and V primarily represent volume- conducted electrical activity from the acoustic nerve, pons and midbrain, respectively, and that latencies between these three potentials indirectly reflect neural conduction in the corresponding segments of the central auditory pathway. For example, wave I to wave III interpeak latency(I-III IPL) is a measure of conduction in the more caudal segment of the brainstem auditory pathway-acoustic nerve and potomedullary portion-while the III-V IPL is a measure of conduction in the more rostral pontine and midbrain portions of the pathway. This study was undertaken to identify the normal measurements of the waves I, III and V and I-III IPL, III-V IPL in order to for provide basic data for clinical use in diagnosis, monitering in operation and management of patients with brainstem lesions. The literature is reviewed and results compared to the current study.

Comparative study between myelograpic and operative finding on 150 cases of lumbar H.I.V.D / 대한정형외과학회잡지

During January 1975 to December 1979, myelographic studies followed by operation was carried out on 150 cases of lumbar H.I.V.D. at Chung Nam National University Hospital. As to the myelographic findings, mode, level of indentation, and positive and negative finding were analyzed in comparison with operative findings. The followings results were obtained: 1. Plain radiography has a Iittle value In diagnosis of Iumbar H.I.V.D. about one third of 150 cases show significant sign in plain film study. 2. The major discrepancies between myelographic and operative findings were found in 11.3%, while the minor discrepancies were 4%, so giving an accuracy of 84.7%. 3. Positive myelographic finding(120 cases) consisted of smooth round defect in 83 cases (48.8%), unilateral wedge defect In 45 cases (26.4%), block defect In 18 cases (10.5%), bilateral wedge defect in 13 cases (7.6%), and hourglassdefect In 11 cases (6.4%), respectively. 4. Operative findings revealed the protruded disc: 74.5%, bulging: 11.1%, extruded: 22%, and mlgrated: 1.7%. 5. The myelographic finding of bulging type disc usually showed smooth round filling defect and those of protruded were smooth round filling defect, wedge shape and block filling defect, while the extruded type revealed smooth round filling defect In the most cases. 6. The myelography can be a valuable aid in the determination of the level and degree of H.I.V.D. and very helpful ln differential diagnosis.

Nonvisualizing kidney on I.V.P. In Children / 대한비뇨기과학회지

This paper deals with clinical study of 23 cases of non-visualizing kidney on intravenous pyelography in children during 11 years from Jan. 1965 to Dec. 1975. The studying period was divided into the earlier term('68~'71) and the later term('72~'75) because since 1972 we have had special considerations in pediatric urology. The following results were obtained from the study. 1. More than half of the cases with non-visualizing kidney were seen in the age under 5 years. There were no remarkable difference between both sexes and terms of studying. 2. The chief complaints were flank mass, hematuria, incontinence and urinary frequency etc. in order of frequency without regarding to terms of studying. 3. In boys, the duration of symptoms was generally shorter than in girls. 4. As causative diseases, obstructive uropathy occupies more than half of the cases and more frequent in the earlier term of study than in later term. There was seen no difference between sexes. 5. In treatment of causative diseases, as possible conservative operations of the kidney were done.

A Clinical Study of I.V.P. and Tubercle Bacilli in Urine of the Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Sixty-nine pulmonary tuberculosis patients with no clinical evidence of genito-urinary tuberculosis were studied of I.V.P. and tubercle bacilli in their urine and the following results were obtained: Of 69 patients studied, 3 cases (4.34%) were found having positive tubercle bacilli in their urine of which two were found in the thirty-two moderately advanced cases and one was found in twenty-one far-advanced of their pulmonary tuberculosis. One of three was treated irregularly with anti-tuberculous triple therapy during about seven months and two were not treated Of 69 patients studied, 3 cases (4.34%) were found having positive intravenous pyelographic examination, of which two cases were group 1 of Lattimer's classification and one was group 3. Two of these were found in moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis and one was far-advanced.