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Objective To provide a reference for avoiding the harm to critical target organs following considerable inhalation exposure to the transuranium element americium (Am) as well as post-accident decorporation or other radiation protection measures. Methods We established calculation programs based on the generic criteria for internal radiation emergency preparedness and response in the IAEA Safety Guide No.GSG-2 and current new ICRP biokinetic models and parameters, taking an inhalation of 241Am (activity mean aerodynamic diameter of 5 μm, σ = 2.5) by an adult worker as an example; and determined that the critical target organs were the lung AI region, red bone marrow, and the main source organs leading to acute doses to the critical target organs were the lung AI region, blood, and trabecular bone surface. Results The retention fractions in the main source organs over time after 241Am inhalation were calculated. Conclusion After being absorbed into blood, Am moves quickly to other parts, and Am of different absorption types shows similar early changes in retention fractions in blood: the retention fractions of Am of S, M, and F types in blood peak around 0.03 d, and then halve around 1.7 d. Inhaled Am shows different changes over time in retention fractions in the lung AI region and trabecular bone surface in the early stage: the retention fractions of S- and M-type Am in the lung AI region change little with time, while F-type Am transfers quickly from the lung to blood; In trabecular bone surface, S-type Am increases quickly in the first 7 d, M-type Am gradually increases mainly in the first 2 weeks, and F-type Am increases quickly in the first 2 d.
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The objective of the study was to compare the weight of internal organs of the adult Zambian with the valuesindicated in ICRP 89. The study involved 115 (83 males and 32 female) forensic autopsies from Ndola TeachingHospital done over a period of 12 months. In this study, subjects who died due to disease process were notincluded, only accidental and homicide cases were included in the study. The average weight of the internalorgans was compared to ICRP 89 values. One sample t-test was used to determine the significance of thedifferences in weights. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. It was observedthat the weight of the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and brain were smaller compared to ICRP 89 values, except thesize of the spleen which was statistically the same in the male subjects, while the heart and the spleen wasstatistically the same in the female subjects. The differences in the weights of internal organs was attributed tothe differences in body size between ICRP and NTH subjects.
RESUMEN
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), an independent international organization established in 1925, develops, maintains, and elaborates radiological protection standards, legislation, and guidelines. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) provides scientific evidence. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) utilise the ICRP recommendations to implement radiation protection in practice. Finally, radiation protection agencies in each country adopt the policies, and adapt them to each situation. In Korea, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission is the governmental body for nuclear safety regulation and Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety is a public organization for technical support and R&D in nuclear safety and radiation protection.