Association of male lower urinary tract symptoms with metabolic syndrome: a prospective study from tertiary care centre

Background: The exact nature of the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is still not completely understood. There appears to be support for the hypothesis that metabolic and pathological derangements characterizing MetS can promote the development and progression of Benign Prostatic Enlargement and LUTS. Methods: A total of 212 patients were included in the study, of whom 106 (50%) had LUTS and metabolic syndrome and 106 (50%) had LUTS without metabolic syndrome. The severity of the patient抯 lower urinary tract symptoms was assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Erectile function was assessed by a 5 question International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Questionnaire. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). Results: The study showed a statistically significant association between prostate volume, IPSS score, and each individual component of metabolic syndrome. There is a significant association between metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction in men, and the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms is correlated with the severity of erectile dysfunction in the age group in the department of urology. Conclusions: Patients with MetS, characterized by increased waist circumference, BMI, triglycerides, and decreased HDL levels, exhibited more severe Lower urinary tract symptoms, along with heightened sexual dysfunction, particularly erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction.

Clinical efficacy of in vitro local high-frequency hyperthermia combined with drugs in the treatment of type Ⅲb chronic prostatitis / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of in vitro local high-frequency hyperthermia combined with drugs in the treatment of type Ⅲb chronic prostatitis (CP). 【Methods】 A total of 148 patients with type Ⅲb CP treated in our hospital during Jun.2020 and Jun.2022 were randomly divided into control group (n=74) and combination group (n=74). The control group received only drug treatment, while the combination group received extracorporeal local high-frequency hyperthermia treatment. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), maximum urinary flow rate (MFR), average urinary flow rate (AFR) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of NIH-CPSI, MFR, AFR and IIEF-5 score before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment, these indexes increased in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvements in the combination group were more significant (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Medication combined with in vitro local high-frequency hyperthermia is effective in improving the clinical symptoms of type Ⅲb CP, which is worth clinical promotion.

A clinical study of different doses and frequencies of Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses and frequencies of oral Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). 【Methods】 The randomized,open clinical trial included 120 ED patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomly divided into the following groups:on-schedule (25 mg/day),on-demand (50 mg,taken irregularly half an hour before each sexual life),new regular group (25 mg/day,50 mg more before each sexual life),regular group (100 mg/time,twice/week). All treatments lasted for 8 weeks. The follow-up indexes included the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5),Erection Hardness Scale (EHS) and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP2/3). The adverse reactions were recorded. 【Results】 The IIEF-5 scores of the four groups were significantly higher than those after baseline treatment (P0.05). In terms of effective rate,at the 16th week,there were significant differences between the on-demand group (10.7%) and new regular group (62.1%),and between the on-demand group (10.7%) and regular group (50.0%) (P<0.001). In terms of EHS, the percentage of grade 4 patients in regular group was significant higher than that in the on-demand group at the 8th week and 16th week (all P<0.05). In terms of positive rate of SEP-3,there was a significant difference between the on-demand group and regular group (P=0.042) at the 16th week. In the course of treatment,there were transient adverse reactions such as headache,blurred vision,stuffy nose and back pain,which did not affect the treatment. 【Conclusion】 All of the four treatment methods of oral sildenafil showed good efficacy. Both regular group and new regular group maintained good clinical efficacy during the follow-up,which is better than that of the on-demand group. The new regular scheme can be used as a new,safe and effective treatment option.

Prevalence of Periodontitis in Erectile Dysfunction Patients

ABSTRACT@#Erectile dysfunction (ED) and periodontitis have common risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus and tobacco smoking. Multiple reports are available in regard to the association between ED and chronic periodontitis (CP). The study aimed to determine the association of ED and CP in selected Malaysian population. In this study, 74 patients (mean age = 52.4 ± 10.9 years old) diagnosed with ED, from scores via the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, were included. ED severity was classified as mild, mild to moderate, moderate, and severe. Periodontal condition was recorded using basic periodontal examination (BPE) method, of which scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were associated with having no periodontitis while a score of 4 was considered to have periodontitis. There are 40 (54.1%) subjects found to have periodontitis and the association of ED and periodontitis showed a moderate positive degree of correlation, ρ = 0.487 (p < 0.001). The percentage of subjects having periodontitis indicated an increasing trend with the severity of ED; from 19.0% (mild ED), 54.2% (mild to moderate ED), 75.0% (moderate ED), to 84.6% (severe ED). A greater degree of correlation was noted between dental scaling experience and ED, ρ = 0.635 (p < 0.001). Binomial logistic regression had shown no other co-morbidities and factors were affecting this relation. There seemed to be an association between ED and periodontitis existing in these selected Malaysian populations.

Effect of Shanhaidan Granules combined with tadalafil on erectile dysfunction: A multi-center clinical trial / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To observe the clinical effect and safety of Shanhaidan Granules (SHDG) combined with tadalafil tablets (TT) in the treatment of ED.@*METHODS@#In this open multi-center case-control clinical trial, we enrolled 247 ED patients according to the designed criteria, and treated them orally with SHDG at 10 g per time tid (n = 74), TT at 5 mg per time bid (n = 52), or SHDG + TT at the above doses (n = 121), all for 8 weeks. Before and after medication, we recorded the IIEF-6, erection hardness scores (EHS), traditional Chinese medicine syndromes (TCMS) scores, penile cavernous blood flow parameters and adverse reactions, and compared them between the 3 groups of patients.@*RESULTS@#After 8 weeks of treatment, all the patients showed significantly increased IIEF-6, EHS and TCMS scores in comparison with the baseline (P < 0.05). The total effectiveness rates in the SHDG, TT and SHDG + TT groups were 60.8%, 67.3% and 69.4% respectively based on the IIEF-6 scores, remarkably higher in the TT and SHDG + TT groups than in the SHDG group (P < 0.05), and 40.5%, 32.7% and 63.6% respectively according to the TCMS scores, markedly higher in the SHDG and SHDG + TT groups than in the TT group (P < 0.05). Single-center data manifested significantly increased peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the penile artery in the SHDG + TT and TT groups (P < 0.05). The improvement values of relevant parameters were remarkably higher in the SHDG + TT group than in the TT and SHDG groups, so were IIEF-6 scores in the TT than in the SHDG group, and TCM syndromes in the SHDG than in the TT group. No medication-related adverse events were found in any of patients after treatment, except for some mild side effects including muscle soreness and gastrointestinal reactions in a few cases, all soon relieved, none with abnormalities in blood and urine routine tests or hepatic and renal function indicators.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Shanhaidan Granules combined with tadalafil can significantly improve the erectile function and reduce TCM syndromes in ED patients, and therefore can be applied effectively and safely in clinical practice./.

Clinical Effect Study on Bailing Capsules in the Treatment of 68 Cases of Diabetic Impotence / 中国药师

Objective:To study the clinical effect of Bailing capsules in the treatment of diabetic impotence. Methods: Totally 136 cases of diabetic impotence were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 68 cases each. The obser-vation group was treated with Bailing capsules and the control group was with tadalafil tablets. The effect of the two groups was com-pared, and the changes in IIEF-5 score, serum testosterone ( T) and zinc ( Zn2+) before and after the treatment were studied as well. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 83. 82% while that of the control group was 67. 65%, and the difference was statistically significant (P0. 05), while IIEF-5 score was increased significantly (P0.05), while the serum testosterone (T) and IIEF-5 score were increased significantly in the observation group (P <0. 05). After the treatment, the symptoms in the two groups were both improved with increased IIEF-5 score, T and Zn2+, and the ob-servation group was with more obvious improvement. Conclusion:The effect of Bailing capsules in the treatment of diabetic impotence is promising, which is worthy of further study.

Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction and Utilization of Sexual Counseling in Community Family Medicine Clinics / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction (ED) may be a hidden agenda, but, it should be dealt with by family physicians in primary care. We investigated the prevalence of ED and utilization of sexual consultation practice among community family physicians. METHODS: We analyzed the subjects who were males aged over 30 and married who visited 10 community family clinics around Seoul, Korea and completed questionnaires related to erectile function and utilization of sexual consultation service from May 9 to 28 2009. ED was designated if the 5-item version of international index of erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5) scores were less than 17. RESULTS: The average age of the responders was 45.6 years. The prevalence of ED was 43.3% and increased according to age, chronic disease, low educational history and low family income. Almost all of the mild ED patients answered that they needed sexual consultation. But, half of them had no plan to have a sexual consultation. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having a sexual consultation or not according to variables were calculated with logistic regression. More severe ED (OR = 0.875; 95% CI, 0.827 to 0.926), existence of chronic disease (OR = 1.828; 95% CI, 1.026 to 3.260), inferior education (OR = 0.395; 95% CI, 0.196 to 0.796), and lower income (OR = 0.326; 95% CI, 0.124 to 0.857) were the factors which influenced to have a sexual consultation with a family physician. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ED in family clinic was over 40%, but the utilization of sexual consultations was under 50%. We need to develop intervention strategies for more sexual counseling practice according to educational history, family incomes and status of ED in community family medicine clinics.

Treatment of Penile Vaselinoma Using Thick Split Thickness Skin Graft

The problems of foreign body injection such as vaseline, paraffine, mineral oil for penile augmentation done by illegal medical practitioners are tissue inflammation, necrosis, granuloma formation, deformity and erectile dysfunction. The treatment of these complication are composed of foreign body removal and resurfacing of denuded penis. Many resurfacing procedures are introduced such as split thickness skin graft, flap-to-graft conversion method, scrotal flap, groin flap and free flap. Skin graft is the simplest method with minimal donor site morbidity, but there are some complications like scar contracture, hypertrophic scar and difficulty of erection. Thick split thickness skin graft can prevent these complications. We measured the length, circumference and surveyed erectile function with International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF) after long-term follow up. Increase in mean length and circumference at erection are 43% and 36%, respectively, compared to resting, and the survey with IIEF had a better result than that of normal control group. We found preserved erectile function without scar contracture and hypertrophic scar. Thick split thickness skin graft is the good method for treatment of penile vaselinoma with simplicity, minor donor site morbidity and preservation of erectile function.

Erectile dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent among patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired renal function. To estimate the prevalence of ED in diabetic nephropathy and to identify its risk factors, we carried out a survey of patients with diabetic nephropathy attending Chonnam University Hospital. METHODS: The presence of ED was assessed among 106 type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or overt diabetic nephropathy or renal replacement therapy using its self- administered International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). ED was also classified into five validated severity levels, ranging from none (22-25), mild (17-21), mild/moderate (12-16), moderate (8-11), through severe (5-7). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between ED and other medical conditions. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.30+/-8.57 years in patients without ED and 58.53+/-8.46 years in patients with ED. The prevalence of any level of ED was 72% using IIEF. An independent t-test and chi-square demonstrated age, smoking, smoking duration, degree of nephropathy, coronary heart disease, neuropathy, diabetic foot, and retinopathy to be associated with the presence of any level of ED. Patients with ED had lower serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and higher serum levels of BUN in unadjusted analyses compared with patients without ED. A multivariable logistic regression demonstrated age, serum creatinine concentration, and renal replacement therapy to be independently associated with the presence of any level of ED. CONCLUSION: ED is extremely prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or overt diabetic nephropathy or renal replacement therapy. Increased age and serum creatinine concentration, and renal replacement therapy were associated with higher prevalence of ED.

Erectile Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction(ED) is a common problem in men with end-stage renal disease(ESRD). The present study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and risk factors of ED among patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. METHODS: The presence and severity of ED were assessed among 48 ESRD patients using the self-administered International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Logistic regression was used to examine and test associations between ED and other medical conditions. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.9+/-11.9 years and the cause of ESRD was diabetes mellitus(47.9%), unknown cause(29.2%) and hypertension(16.7%). All subjects had ED. The proportions reporting mild ED, mild/moderate ED, moderate ED and severe ED were 8.3%, 18.8%, 18.8% and 54.2%, respectively. Age, diabetes mellitus, Karnofsky Index, serum albumin and creatinine levels were statistically correlated with ED. But, a multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated age(odds ratio [OR]=12.254, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02 to 74.32, p=0.006) and nitrates administration(OR=11.85, 95% CI 1.06 to 132.5, p=0.045) to be independently associated with the presence of severe ED. CONCLUSION: ED is extremely prevalent among hemodialysis patients. Increasing age and medical conditioning in which nitrates should be administered are associated with higher prevalence of severe ED.

Assessment of Sexual and Voiding Function after Total Mesorectal Excision with Pelvic Autonomic Nerve Preservation in Male Rectal Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of TME with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in male rectal cancer patients in terms of voiding and sexual function. METHODS: We performed uroflowmetry using Urodyn (Dantec, Denmark) and a standard questionnaire employing the IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) and the IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) pre- and postoperatively in 68 male rectal cancer patients. RESULTS: There were significant differences of mean maximal flow rate and voided volume before and after surgery (18.9+/-5.7 vs 13.7+/-7.0, 240+/-91.9 vs 143+/-78, P0.05). The total IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) was increased after surgery from 6.2+/-5.8 to 9.8+/-5.9 (P<0.05). There were no changes of score for one of each seven IPSS items in from 49 patients (73.5 percent) to 61 patients (89.7 percent). Five IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) domain score (erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire and overall satisfaction) was statistically decreased after surgery (18.2+/-9.3 vs 13.5+/-9.0, 8.4+/-4.2 vs. 4.4+/-2.9, 5.8+/-2.9, vs. 4.4+/-2.9, 6.1+/-2.4 vs. 4.8+/-2.0, 6.1+/-2.2 vs. 4.5+/-2.3, P<0.05, respectively. Erection was possible in 55 patients (80.9 percent), but penetration ability was possible in 51 patients (75 percent). Complete inability for erection and intercourse was observed in 3 patients (5.5 percent). Retrograde ejaculation was noted in 9 patients (13.2 percent). IIEF domains such as sexual desire and overall satisfaction were markedly decreased in 39 patients (57.4 percent), 43 patients (63.2 percent), respectively. Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting postoperative sexual dysfunction showed that over 60 years (sexual desire: P=0.019), within 6 months (erectile function: P=0.04, intercourse satisfaction: P=0.011, orgasmic function: P=0.03), lower rectal cancer (erectile function: P=0.02, intercourse satisfaction: P=0.036, orgasmic function: P=0.027) were significant factors. CONCLUSIONS: TME with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation technique showed a safety and comparable data in preserving sexual and voiding function. The IPSS and IIEF questionnaire were useful and more investigative in assessing urinary and sexual function.

Effect of Finasteride on Sexual Function in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the change in sexual function after treatment with finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia using the validated International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients, who were treated with 5mg finasteride daily due to a benign prostatic hyperplasia, were assessed with the IIEF questionnaires prior to treatment and after 3 months of medication. Nine patients were excluded due to an erectile dysfunction. The patients' age ranged 50 to 78 years with a mean age of 63.3 years (by age group: 50-59 years, n=13; 60-69 years, n=27; 70-79 years, n=11). The total IIEF scores and all 5 IIEF domains scores were calculated to investigate the change in sexual function. RESULTS: The mean total IIEF scores decreased significantly from 43.24+/-15.02 to 37.00+/-17.78 after administering finasteride (p<0.05). The mean decrease in the total IIEF scores for the men in their fifties, sixties and seventies were 4.69, 7.59 and 4.73, respectively, and was most prominent in the sixties. Among the mean scores of each IIEF domain, the erectile function scores decreased from 17.53+/-6.83 to 15.04+/-7.78 (p<0.05), the intercourse satisfaction scores decreased from 7.59+/-2.86 to 6.25+/-3.43 (p<0.05), the orgasm function scores decreased from 6.37+/-2.65 to 5.16+/-3.07 (p<0.05), the sexual desire scores decreased from 5.47+/-1.71 to 4.86+/-2.06 (p<0.05), and the overall satisfaction scores decreased from 6.27+/-2.44 to 5.69+/-2.62 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With this IIEF questionnaire, the generalized sexual function decreased after finasteride treatment in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, particularly in those aged 60-69 years.

Validation of an Abridged Korean Version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a Diagnostic Tool for Erectile Dysfunction / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: An abridged 5-item version of the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was developed and its validity has been proven in the western medical community. This study was designed to assess the validity of the abbreviated Korean version of the IIEF as a diagnostic tool for ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who visited the Andrology Clinic of the Asan Medical Center with a chief complaint of ED fall into the patient group. Patients who visited the Family Medicine Clinic of the same hospital with chief complaints other than ED, and checked no ED in the self-assessment questionnaire, fall into the control group. Patients, both of the patient group and control group, were asked to fill out the self-administered IIEF-5 and the questionnaire asking the severity of the ED. RESULTS: Collected questionnaires from a total of 309 subjects (the patient group: 149; the control group: 160) were used for statistical analysis. Mean ages were 43 and 52 for the control group and the patient group, respectively. A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve analysis indicated that there is a close correlation between IIEF-5 total scores and the presence of ED (area under the ROC curve=0.961). The most appropriate cutoff score between ED and no ED was 17 (sensitivity=91.3%, specificity=86.3%). Substantial consistency existed between the predicted and the patient-answered ED severity levels (Weighted Kappa=0.681). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of IIEF-5 is highly effective in detecting the presence and assessing the severity of ED. The result of our study supports its validity as a diagnostic instrument in the clinical setting.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil in the Men with Erectile Dysfunction in Korea / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction has variety of etiologic factors and it has been a common medical disorder with an estimated prevalence of about 50%. It has been confirmed that sildenafil improved impaired erectile responses in men. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral sildenafil for the patients with erectile dysfunction in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 583 patients were administered sildenafil for erectile dysfunction and 256 of them have been followed up over one month. The initial usual dosage was 50mg and the dosage was titrated based on efficacy and tolerance at every visit. Sexual function was measured before and during the therapy using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). RESULTS: Mean IIEF score changed significantly from 27.93+/-18.52 at baseline to 44.57+/-16.56 after treatment with sildenafil (p<0.001) and the mean scores of each IIEF domain (erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction) also improved (p<0.001). Q3 (penetration ability) and Q4 (maintenance ability) scores changed from 2.08+/-1.69 to 3.21+/-1.50 (p<0.001) and from 1.77+/-1.50 to 2.96+/-1.44 (p<0.001), respectively. In response to the global efficacy question, 73.4% of patients reported that treatment had improved their erections. With respect to the etiology, IIEF was changed significantly in DM group and no specific underlying disease group (p<0.001), but in radical prostatectomy or cystectomy group no significant change was observed. Side effects were reported in 56 patients (21.9%), including facial flushing (11.7%), headache (7.0%), dyspepsia (2.0%), altered vision (1.6%), nasal congestion (1.6%), conjunctival injection (1.2%), dyspnea (0.8%), dizziness (0.8%), and palpitation (0.8%). Only 4 patients (1.6%) discontinued treatment due to the side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil citrate is a highly effective and well-tolerated oral agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Korean men.

The Assessment of Sexual Function in Men Who Visited Health Screening Center: a Study Using the Korean Version of IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) Questionnaire / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: In contrast to previous numerous foreign surveys of epidemiology for sexual dysfunction, only few studies have been reported in our country. This study tried to show the frequencies of sexual dysfunction and objective measure of sexual function using the Korean version IIEF questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed the answers of 600 men (20-79 years, mean 44.7+/- 0.42 years) who visited health screening center were included. Through the analysis of the survey, the overall frequencies of sexual dysfunction, frequencies of sexual dysfunction by the age decades, in diabetic patients and hypertensive patients, and by alcohol drinking and smoking were obtained. RESULTS: The overall frequencies of sexual dysfunction were 53.3% in erectile function (EF), 80.5% in sexual intercourse satisfaction (IS), 50.5% in orgasmic function (OF), 90.2% in sexual desire (SD), and 84.7% in overall satisfaction (OS). The frequencies of sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients were 93.1% in EF, 96.6% in IS, 79.3% in OF, 96.6% in SD, and 96.6% in OS. In hypertensive patients, the frequencies of sexual dysfunction in EF, SD, OS had high proportion (63.0%, 96.3%, 96.3%, respectively) than control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study proved that the assessment method of sexual function using the Korean version of IIEF Questionnaire is a relatively convenient and effective method which can show objective scores of sexual function. It also showed higher frequencies of sexual dysfunction in comparison to the results of previous reports. And, age, chronic diseases such as, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were considered as the associated factors on sexual dysfunction in this study.

The association of obesity with erectile dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that obesity is associated with sexual dysfunction and causes erectile dysfunction particularly, but these studies are mainly about chronic diseases caused by obesity. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the association of obesity in itself with erectile dysfunction. METHODS: The study sample consisted of men, aged over 20 who visited in a university hospital in Pusan from December 1999 to March 2000, who responded to the Korean version of the international index of erectile function(IIEF). The patients having obesity related diseases were excluded from the subject group. The subjects were classified into 'obese', 'normal' group according to body mass index(BMI) and erectile function was classified into 'erectile dysfunction', 'normal' according to IIEF 5 score. Chi square test and Fisher's exact test were performed for statistic analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 42.1. In total 160 subjects, 109 men(68.1%) belonged to the normal group and 51(31.9%) to the obese group, and 100 men(62.5) had erectile dysfunction. In normal group, 43(39.4%) had normal erectile function and 66(60.6%) had erectile dysfunction. In obese group, 17(33.3%) were normal and 34(66.7%) had erectile dysfunction. No significant difference between two groups was noted in erectile function (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no significant association of obesity in itself with erectile dysfunction in this study after excluding effects of other obesity related problems.

Epidemiologic Study of the Male Erectile Dysfunction with Risk Factors in Rural Area / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: The interest has been growing in the investigation and management of erectile dysfunction, but there is few report about prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Korea. The object of this study was to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction of men in rural region in Korea through a community based survey. Also, we investigated the relationship between risk factors and erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 255 men aged 30 and over in chonnam province, Korea was randomly selected for determination of the prevalence of erectile dysfunction, and they participated in questionnaire survey including International Index of Erectile unction (IIEF), and clinical and laboratory examination that include blood pressure, ECG, blood glucose, urinalysis, serum level of lipid profiles, GOT, GPT and creatinine etc. Information on erectile dysfunction were collected by direct personal interview using IIEF. High risk factors of erectile dysfunction were divided according to estimated level and determined relationship with erectile dysfunction. RESULTS: Overall mean IIEF score was 20.6 7.3, and based on IIEF score, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 66.3% (169 of 255 men). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction of older aged men over 50 years was significantly higher than younger aged men. Also strong correlation was found between erectile dysfunction and diabetes mellitus, smoking. Although there was no statistical significance by multiple regression analysis, educational level, abnormal findings in ECG, history of chronic disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia had relation to erectile dysfunction by ANOVA and Student t-test. And alcohol drinking, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were not statistically significant for development of erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that the prevalence and correlations with risk factors of erectile dysfunction in local community. We hope that this study will aid in larger epidemiologic study and prevention of erectile dysfunction in whole land.