RESUMEN
Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a kind of epithelial tumors originating from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, accounting for about 20% of primary lung tumors, including typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The morphologic and clinical characteristics of these four types of PNETs are relatively highly heterogeneous. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown robust antitumor activity in a variety of solid tumors. Treatment regimens of advanced PNETs have developed greatly in the past decade, but ICIs are still in their infancy in the field of PNETs. This review focuses on the landscape of current clinical trials and research as well as the situation of ICIs-related biomarkers in PNETs. .
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Tumor Carcinoide , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Tumores Neuroectodérmicos Primitivos , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
In recent years, the checkpoint inhibitors targeted programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-1 ligand, PD-L1) achieved landmark significance in treating a variety of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, current immunotherapy is not precise enough, only 15%-20% of the unselected patients can benefit from the therapy, and there is a possibility of hyperprogression (HP). Therefore, how to select the dominant population is crucial. Although many studies have emphasized the importance of PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden (TMB) and other indicators to guide immunotherapy, current PD-L1 expression level and mutation load cannot be used as a decisive and excluded predictive marker based on various obstacles. With the deepening of research, we found that there is a close relationship between lung cancer-driver gene mutation and aberrant activation of PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathways, and the correlation between gene mutation and immunotherapy efficacy has broad research value. This article will revolve around the above issues. .