Osseointegration of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in rats with high serum levels of nicotine

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine administration on the osseointegration of a superhydrophilic implants surface on rat tibiae. Thirty-two rats were used and divided into 2 groups according to the administration or not of nicotine: HH - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in healthy animals; and HN - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in animals subjected to nicotine administration. The animals were euthanized 15 and 45 days after implant placement (n = 8). Osseointegration was assessed by means of biomechanical analyses (removal torque), microcomputed tomography (volume of bone around the implants- %BV/TV), and histomorphometry (bone-implant contact -%BIC and the bone area between implant threads -%BBT). The animals subject to the nicotine administration presented lower removal torque than the control animals at the 45-day period (21.88 ± 2.80 Ncm vs. 17.88 ± 2.10 Ncm). The implants placed in the control rats presented higher %BIC (54.26 ± 6.59% vs. 39.25 ± 4.46%) and %BBT (50.57 ± 5.28% vs. 32.25 ± 5.24%) than the implants placed in nicotine animals at 15-day period. The nicotine administration reduces the osseointegration at 15 days, however, the superhydrophilic surface equalized the osseointegration in nicotine-exposed animals compared with healthy animals after 45 days of implant placement.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de nicotina na osseointegração de implantes com superfície modificada por jateamento de oxidos e ataque ácido instalados em tíbia de ratos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos que foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com a administração ou não de nicotina: HH - Instalação de implantes com superfícies superhidrofílicas em animais sadios; e HN - Instalação de implantes com superfícies superhidrofílicas em animais submetidos à administração de nicotina. Os animais foram eutanasiados 15 e 45 dias após a colocação do implante (n = 8). A osseointegração foi avaliada por meio de análises biomecânicas (torque de remoção), microtomografia (volume de osso ao redor dos implantes - %BV/TV) e histomorfometrica (contato osso-implante -%BIC e área óssea entre roscas do implante -%BBT). Os animais submetidos à administração de nicotina apresentaram menor torque de remoção do que os animais controle no período de 45 dias (21,88 ± 2,80 Ncm vs. 17,88 ± 2,10 Ncm). Os implantes colocados nos ratos controle apresentaram maiores %BIC (54,26 ± 6,59% vs. 39,25 ± 4,46%) e %BBT (50,57 ± 5,28% vs. 32,25 ± 5,24%) do que os implantes colocados nos animais submetidos a administração de nicotina no período de 15 dias. A administração de nicotina prejudicou a osseointegração no período de 15 dias. Entretanto, a superfície superhidrofílica equalizou a osseointegração em animais expostos à nicotina em comparação com animais saudáveis após 45 dias da colocação do implante.

Re-osseointegration of peri-implantitis affected and failed implants / 口腔医学

@#Peri-implantitis and implant failure are common issues in the implant dentistry. The contaminated implant can be treated with mechanical, chemical and assisted methods for the formation of re-osseointegration. Re-osseointegration is achievable with valid bone regeneration strategies. The survival rate of implant into the site of previous failure is lower than that of the initial implant. For the hopeless and failed implant, it is necessary to remove the implant with corresponding technique.

Implants with hydrophilic surfaces equalize the osseointegration of implants in normo- and hyperglycaemic rats

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surface modified by blasting and acid attack and maintained in an isotonic solution compared to a machined surface on osseointegration in normo- and hyperglycaemic animals. Sixty-four animals were allocated into 4 groups with 16 animals each, and they were subdivided into two experimental periods (15 and 45 days), with 8 animals in each group. The groups were divided according to the type of implant that was installed in the animals' tibia and the animals' systemic condition: CM - Machined implants placed in Healthy animals; CH - Hydrophilic implants placed in Healthy animals, HM - Machined implants placed in animals with hyperglycaemia; HH- Hydrophilic implants installed in animals with hyperglycaemia. The following analyses were performed: biomechanical (removal torque), microtomographic (evaluation of the bone volume around the implants- BV/TV), and histomorphometric (evaluation of bone-implant contact BIC% and of the bone formation area between the threads BBT%). It was found that the implants with hydrophilic surfaces presented higher removal torques and quantities of BV/TV% and higher BIC% and BBT% values in normo- and hyperglycaemic animals. The results of this study indicated that the hydrophilic surface accelerates the osseointegration process (~ 15% BIC/BBT at 15-day period), especially in animals with hyperglycaemia. The hydrophilic surface equaled the osseointegration between normo- and hyperglycaemic animals, reversing the negative potential of hyperglycaemia on the osseointegration process.

Resumo O objetivo deste foi o de avaliar o efeito de uma superfície modificada por jateamento e ataque ácido e mantida em solução isotônica em comparação a uma superfície lisa sobre a osseointegração de implantes em animais hiperglicêmicos. No estudo foram utilizados 64 ratos, que foram divididos em 4 grupos com 16 animais em cada, e que foram avaliados em dois períodos experimentais (15 e 45 dias), com 8 animais em cada grupo. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com o tipo de implante que foi instalado na tíbia dos animais e a condição sistêmica dos mesmos: Grupo CM - Implantes maquinados instalados em animais saudáveis; Grupo CH - Implantes maquinados instalados em animais com hiperglicemia; Grupo HM - Implantes hidrofílicos instalados em animais saudáveis, Grupo HH- Implantes hidrofílicos instalados em animais com hiperglicemia. Foram realizadas análises: biomecânicas (contra torque de remoção dos implantes), histométricas (avaliação do contato do osso com os implantes e da área de formação óssea entre as roscas) e microtomográfica (avaliação da área óssea ao redor dos implantes). Foi verificado que os implantes com superfície hidrofílica apresentaram maiores torques de remoção, quantidade de osso ao redor dos implantes e maiores valores de %BIC e %BBT em animais normo e hiperglicêmicos. Conclui-se que a superfície hidrofílica acelera o processo de osseointegração (~15% de %BIC/%BBT aos 15 dias), especialmente em animais com hiperglicêmicos. A superfície hidrofílica igualou a osseointegração entre animais normo- e hiperglicêmicos, revertendo o potencial negativo da hiperglicemia no processo de osseointegração.

Role of decontamination treatment for implant surface in the treatment of peri-implantitis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Peri-implantitis, characterized by inflammation of tissues around implants and gradual loss of supporting bone tissue, has become one of the main causes for implant failure. Thoroughly removing the plaque biofilm on the implant surface is the first principle in the treatment of peri-implantitis. For this reason, various decontamination methods have been proposed, which can be divided into 2 categories: Removing biofilm and killing microorganisms according to the effect of plaque biofilm on the implant surface. However, at present, there is no decontamination method that can completely remove the plaque biofilm on the implant surface, and it lacks of clinical recommended guidelines. To understand the advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness and safety for different implant surface decontamination methods is of great significance to guide the clinical selection for peri-implantitis treatment.

Neurotoxicity and mechanism of dental nanomaterials / 口腔疾病防治

@#Recently, the dental application of nano materials has made progress in clinical treatment, such as implant surface modification as well as antibacterial, and controlled release. However, the active physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials may pose a potential safety risk in humans. Dental nanomaterials used for oral application can be released into the blood through a variety of mechanisms, and they can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enter the central nervous system. Moreover, nanomaterials can also directly affect the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve and via sensory nerve terminal transport, causing organic and functional damage to central nerves, and even causing neurotoxicity during embryo development. Nanomaterials can interact with biomolecules such as cells, genes, and proteins in the body, and can produce neurotoxicity through the mechanisms of inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cell autophagy, apoptosis, genotoxicity, etc. Factors affecting the toxicity of nanomaterials include particle size, concentration, and solubility. Dental nanomaterials and their pathways into the central nervous system, as well as the mechanisms that may cause neurotoxicity, will be discussed on this review.

Comparison of removal torque of dual-acid etched and single-acid etched implants in rabbit tibias / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: Chemically strong-acids (HF and HCl/H₂SO₄) dual etching implant surfaces have higher strengths of osseointegration than machined implant surfaces. However, the dual acid treatment deteriorates the physical properties of the titanium by weakening the fatigue resistance of the implant and causing microcracks. The removal torque comparison between the dual-acid etched (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, HS) and single-acid etched implants (hydrochloric acid, H) could reveal the efficiency of implant surface acid treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine 3.75 × 4 mm dual-acid etched SLA implants and nine single-acid etched SLA implants were inserted into New Zealand rabbit tibias. After 10 days, removal torque, roughness, and wetting angle were measured. RESULTS: Mean removal torque values were as follows: Mean removal torque were 9.94 Ncm for HS group and 9.96 Ncm for H group (P=.995). Mean surface roughness value were 0.93 µm for HS group and 0.84 µm for H group (P=.170). Root mean square roughness (RSq) values were 1.21 µm for HS group and 1.08 µm for H group (P=.294), and mean wetting angle values were 99° for HS group and 98° for H group (P=.829). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the removal torques, roughness, or wetting angles of the two groups. CONCLUSION: In this experiment, we found no significant difference in removal torque, roughness, or wetting angle between dual-acid etched and single-acid etched implants.

Evaluation of surface treated implant with nanotitania / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#Dental implants are valuable devices for restoring lost teeth. At this moment, nanotechnology has emerged with several techniques to modify implant surfaces. In addition, some evaluation techniques at the nano level are contributing important information regarding tissue and cell interactions with the implanted material. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the bone responses to 3 different types of 4.1-mm-diameter, 10mm-long implant surfaces on a dog femur model: 1) Sand blasted with alumina and Acid etched (SA), 2) Resorbable blast media (RBM), functioning as control groups, and 3) Anode oxidation nano-titana (Anodized TiO2) surface implants as experimental group. For this study, implants were placed in 3 beagle dogs (age, 18 months; weight, 11-14 kg). Their purchase, selection, management, and experimental procedure were carried out according to established conditions by the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Medical College of Yonsei University. Nineteen turned screw-shaped implants with 3 different surfaces (4.1mm in diameter, 10mm in length) were made from commercially pure titanium (grade IV). Thirteen implants were placed in each beagle dogs no. 1 and 2 and six implants were placed in the remaining beagle dog. Implants placed in beagle dogs no. 1 and 2 underwent histology analysis, X-ray and CT taking, and analysis of relative bone mineral density with Dataviewer program. While removal torque was measured in the implants placed in beagle no. 3 after a healing period of 4 and 8 weeks. A histological evaluation of the specimens in this study showed that osseointegration was achieved for all control and experimental group after a healing period of 4 and 8 weeks. The following means were obtained for bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage for 4 and 8-week groups, respectively: SA: 85.16%, 38.88%; RBM: 41.62%, 58.87%; and Anodized TiO2: 43.85%, 61.3%. The following means were obtained for bone volume (BV) percentage for 4 and 8-week groups, respectively: SA: 34.48%, 51.55%; RBM: 58.56%, 81.56%; and Anodized TiO2: 47.22%, 63.53%. In this study, 8-week consolidated Anodized TO2 surface implants showed increased removal torque value (RTV) compared to that of the 4-week group. The obtained RTV means were 86.0 and 99.7Ncm, respectively, for 4 and 8-week Anodized TiO2 implants. The present study showed that osseointegration occurred in all investigated types of surface-treated implants. However, the control groups showed slight increase in the BIC and BIV values compared to the experimental groups. Therefore the clinical relevance of the observed results remains to be shown.

A interação da Ciência dos Materiais com a Implantodontia / The interaction between Implantology and Materials Science

Introdução: a Ciência dos Materiais hoje possui importante destaque na Odontologia, uma vez que os biomateriais envolvidos apresentam características específicas, resultando em uma aplicação previsível. Dentro da Implantodontia, pode-se destacar os biomateriais, as membranas e as superfícies dos implantes. É de fundamental importância o conhecimento das características físico-químicas dos biomateriais para uma correta escolha, que proporcione um resultado biológico específico. Assim, a análise de propriedades, tais como cristalinidade, tamanho de partícula, porosidade e área superficial específica, é crucial para a compreensão de seu desempenho in vivo. Superfícies de implantes também têm sido desenvolvidas com o objetivo de melhorar o processo de osseointegração em áreas com quantidade e/ou qualidade óssea pobre. Objetivo: o presente trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre a importância da Ciência dos Materiais no desenvolvimento dos biomateriais utilizados em Implantodontia.

Introduction: The science of materials has today been with an emphasis important in dentistry, since the biomaterials involved have specific characteristics, resulting in a predictable application. In the implantology may be emphasized biomaterials, membranes and surfaces of the implants. It is of fundamental importance to study the physicochemical characteristics of biomaterials for a correct choice that provides a specific biological outcome. Therefore, analysis of properties such as crystallinity, particle size, porosity, and specific surface area is crucial to understanding its in vivo performance. Implant surfaces also have been developed to improved osseointegration process in areas with poor quantity or quality of bone. The aim of this study is make a review about the literature of materials science developments in the biomaterials used in implantology.

Morfologia de implantes dentários com superfície tratada a laser: análise in vivo / Morphology of laser-treated dental implant surfaces: in vivo analysis

Rugosidades criadas em superfícies de implantes de titânio promovem alterações morfológicas que podem favorecer o contato osso/implante. A energia superficial resultante de jateamento com partículas, ataque químico e tratamento por oxidação anódica na superfície dos implantes promove mudanças na resposta das células ósseas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta do tecido ósseo na superfície de implantes tratados sob irradiação a laser (Nd: YAG). Os implantes submetidos a este método foram analisados sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e confocal 3D, além de avaliação superficial por equipamento de rugosímetro. Foram instalados, em fêmures de ratos Wistar, 30 mini-implantes com tratamento superficial a laser, e confeccionados em titânio grau II. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com os períodos de reparação óssea – 15, 30 e 60 dias. As amostras foram analisadas sob microscopia de luz e MEV. Os resultados demonstraram formação de depósitos de nova matriz óssea preenchidos por pequenas quantidades de fibras colágenas II e III, no grupo 15 dias. Finas camadas de matriz óssea e osteoide em íntimo contato com a superfície das espiras centrais foram identificadas (30 dias), indicando elevada biocompatibilidade. Após 60 dias, o tecido ósseo mostrou características biológicas de maturidade e contato com a superfície. A porosidade superficial com média de 40 µm e profundidade com 5,3 µm demonstrou ser favorável à deposição óssea. O desenvolvimento de novas superfícies tratadas com equipamento a laser promovendo mudanças na energia superficial, assim como a macro e microestruturas, pode estimular novos estudos para o futuro da Implantodontia.

Roughness created implant titanium surfaces promote morphological alterations that may promote bone/implant contact. The surface energy resulting from blasting with particles, chemical attack and treatment by anodic oxidation on implant surfaces, promotes changes in the response of bone cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of bone tissue on the implant surfaces treated under laser irradiation (Nd: YAG). The implants submitted to this method were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal 3-D and superficial evaluation by roughness tester equipment. Thirty mini-implants with superficial laser treatment and made in cp titanium grade II, were installed in Wistar rat femur. The animals were divided into three groups according to the periods of bone repair (15, 30 and 60 days). The samples were examined under light microscopy and SEM. The results demonstrated formation of new bone matrix filled with small amounts of collagen fibers II and III (15 days). Thin layers of bone and osteoid matrix in intimate contact with the surface of central threads were identified (30 days), indicating high biocompatibility. After 60 days the bone tissue showed biological characteristics of maturity and contact with the surface. The porosity surface with an average of 40 µm and depth with 5.3 µm proved to be favorable for bone deposition. The development of new areas treated with laser equipment, promoting changes in surface energy as well as the macro and microstructures, can stimulate new studies for the future of implantology.

Avaliação clínica de implantes com diferentes superfícies, instalados em maxilas reconstruídas com enxerto ósseo / Clinical evaluation of implants with different surface treatments installed in bone grafted maxillary arches

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a taxa de sucesso de dois implantes com diferentes tipos de tratamento de superfície em maxilas com reconstrução óssea prévia. Foram selecionados dez pacientes. Maxilas altamente reabsorvidas (2 mm de altura e espessura) receberam enxertos da crista ilíaca em bloco para aumento lateral, sendo parte triturada e colocada no seio maxilar para aumento vertical. Implantes convencionais com superfície lisa (n = 38) e TiUnite MKIII com superfície rugosa (n = 38) foram instalados cinco meses após os enxertos usando-se uma técnica cirúrgica modificada. Após cinco meses, procedeu-se a reabertura e o teste de torque para verificar a estabilidade dos implantes. Um implante em cada grupo foi perdido. A taxa de sucesso para cada tipo de superfície foi de 97,4%. Todos os enxertos mostraram 100% de sucesso.

The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the success rates of two different implant surfaces in bone-grafted maxillary arches. Ten completely edentulous patients were selected. Highly resorbed maxillae (2 mm in height and widht) received iliac crest bone block grafts for lateral augmentation, being that some material was morselized and packed into the maxillary sinus for vertical augmentation. Standard, machined (n = 38) and TiUnite MKIII rough-surface (n = 38) dental implants were placed five months meses after grafting procedures according to a modified surgical technique. Then, five months later, second-stage procedures and torque tests were performed to verify implant stability. One implant was lost in each group. Individual success rates were of 97.4%. Bone grafts demonstrated 100% of success.

Efeitos da diferenciação de células-tronco mesenquimais humanas sobre superfícies de implantes hidrofílicas / Effect of hydrophilic implant surfaces on differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

Novas superfícies de implantes foram desenvolvidas para melhorar o processo de osseointegração guiando principalmente a diferenciação de células-tronco mesenquimais humanas (CTMh) em osteoblastos. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes superfícies de implantes na diferenciação de CTMh em osteoblastos. Uma nova superfície de implante (Acqua) foi comparada com a superfície NeoPoros. As CTMh foram cultivadas em discos de titânio preparados com duas superfícies, e experimentos diferentes foram realizados para avaliar a viabilidade celular, a proliferação, a atividade de fosfatase alcalina, a mineralização e a expressão dos genes relacionados aos osteoblastos. Além disso, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raio X foram feitas para avaliar a composição química e a topografia das superfícies. Após três e sete dias, a superfície Acqua mostrou níveis mais altos de proliferação celular, quando comparada com a superfície NeoPoros (p < 0,05). A atividade da fosfatase alcalina foi seis vezes maior na superfície Acqua após 14 dias de cultura celular (p < 0,05). Além disso, a quantidade de cálcio depositado nas superfícies, devido ao processo de mineralização, foi o dobro na superfície Acqua após 14 e 28 dias (p < 0,05). Para a análise da expressão gênica, os níveis de mRNA do genes da fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e sialoproteína óssea (BSP) foram maiores para Acqua aos três, sete e 14 dias, em comparação com a superfície NeoPoros. Dentro das limitações deste estudo, a superfície Acqua foi capaz de induzir melhor diferenciação das CTMh em osteoblastos, comparadas com a superfície NeoPoros. Uma maior expressão de genes marcadores de osteoblastos, bem como maior atividade de fosfatase alcalina e teor de cálcio, foram observados para a superfície Acqua...

New implant surfaces have been developed to improve the osseointegration process mainly guiding the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) into osteoblasts. This study evaluated the effect of different implant surfaces in hMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. A novel implant surface (Acqua) was compared to Neoporos surface. hMSCs were cultured on titanium disks prepared with the two different surfaces and experiments to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and gene expression of osteoblast marker genes were conducted. Also, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy were conducted to evaluate the topography and chemical composition of both surfaces. After three and seven days, Acqua surface showed higher levels of cell proliferation compared to Neoporos surface (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity was 6-fold higher on Acqua surface after 14 days of cell culture (p < 0.05). Also, the amount of calcium deposited on the surfaces due to the mineralization process was 2-fold higher for Acqua surface after 14 and 28 days (p < 0.05). For gene expression analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNA levels were higher for Acqua at three, seven and 14 days compared to Neoporos surface. Within the limitations of this study, the Acqua surface was able to better induce the differentation of hMSCs into osteoblasts compared to the Neoporos surface. Higher expression of osteoblast marker genes as well as higher alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were observed for Acqua...

Evaluation on the efficacy and safety of calcium metaphosphate coated fixture

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in efficacy between calcium metaphosphate (CMP)-coated implant fixtures and conventional resorbable blasted media (RBM) processed implant fixtures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study targeted 50 implants from 44 patients who visited Dankook University Dental Hospital. Implantations were done separately for RBM treated and CMP-coated implants, although their design was the same. Calcium metaphosphate has a quicker biodegradation process through hydrolysis compared to other phosphate calcium groups. For the first year of the implantation, the resorption volume of marginal bone analyzed via radiography and perio-test value were measured, under the check plan. Their analyses were composed of a non-inferiority trials test. A 95% level of reliability was used. RESULTS: In the comparative analysis of the resorption volume of marginal bone and the perio-test value, no statistically significant difference was found between the CMP-coated implants and RBM implants. CONCLUSION: One year after the implant placement, CMP-coated implants were found not to be inferior to the conventional RBM implants.

Caracterização micrométrica das superfícies dos implantes das cinco maiores companhias do mercado brasileiro. Parte III: implantes SIN / Characterization of implants surface of the five largest companies in the Brazilian market, on micrometric level. Part III: SIN implants

Introdução: a qualidade da interface osso-implante é influenciada diretamente pela rugosidade da superfície do implante; e uma rugosidade média, com Sa entre 1 e 2µm, tem demonstrado melhores resultados clínicos e laboratoriais. No Brasil, são instalados mais de dois milhões de implantes por ano, sendo que 79% são fabricados por empresas nacionais. Porém, muito pouco é divulgado ou se conhece sobre a caracterização das superfícies desses implantes, a nível micrométrico. Esse estudo visa avaliar e caracterizar, numericamente, a superfície dos implantes da SIN (Sistema de Implante Nacional), uma das cinco maiores empresas do mercado brasileiro. Métodos: foram avaliados 6 implantes, comprados diretamente no mercado, de 2 desenhos da companhia (Tryon-HE e Strong-SW) e de diferentes lotes, através de um interferômetro de luz. Foram realizados 9 medições, escolhidas aleatoriamente, para cada unidade, sendo 3 nos topos, 3 nos vales e 3 nos flancos das roscas. O mesmo padrão foi seguido para avaliação através microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Resultados: os implantes analisados dessa companhia, apresentaram valores de Sa de 0,84µm para o Tryon-HE e de 1,01µm para o Strong SW. Na comparação entre os lotes, somente o desenho SW apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre si. Conclusões: os valores de rugosidade encontrados classificam as superfície, dos implantes Tryon-HE como minimamente rugosas e dos implantes Strong-SW como moderadamente rugosas.

Introduction: The quality of the bone-implant interface is directly influenced by implant surface roughness and a roughness average, with the Sa between 1 to 2µm, has demonstrated better clinical and laboratory results. In Brazil, more than two million implants per year are installed, where 79% are manufactured by domestic companies. However, very little is known or published about the characterization of surfaces of these implants, on the micrometer level. The aims of this study are to evaluate and characterize numerically the surface of the implants of SIN (Sistema de Implante Nacional) company, one of the five largest companies in the Brazilian market. Methods: Were evaluated a total of 6 implants, purchased directly on the market, of two different designs (Tryon-HE and Strong-SW) and different batches, using light interferometry. Were performed 9 measurements randomly chosen for each unit,3 on the tops, 3 on the valleys and 3 on the flanks of the threads. The same pattern was followed for evaluation by scanning electron microscope. Results: the analyzed implants from this company showed Sa values of 0.84µm for Tryon-HE and 1.01µm for Strong SW. Comparing the batches, only the SW design showed statistically significant differences between them. Conclusions: the roughness values found herein categorize the surfaces of Tryon-HE as minimally rough, and Strong-SW implants as moderately rough.

Agenesia dentária reabilitada por meio de implante de superfície SLActive: relato de caso / Dental agenesis treated with SLActive implant: case report

Agenesia dentária é uma anomalia genética que caracteriza-se pela ausência total de um ou mais dentes. Ocorre em de 6% da população brasileira, geralmente no segundo pré-molar inferior e representa um desafio para a reabilitação, pois leva a alterações funcionais e estéticas. Nesse contexto, os implantes osseointegráveis ocupam lugar de destaque, dentre eles, os implantes de superfície SLActive®, que promovem aceleração no período de osseointegração, reduzindo esse tempo para 21 dias, além de melhor qualidade do osso neoformado ao redor dos implantes. Com altos índices de sucesso, mesmo quando submetidos a carga oclusal precoce ou imediata, tais implantes têm revolucionado a implantodontia moderna. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar caso de agenesia dentária do segundo pré-molar inferior, reabilitado por meio de implante de superfície SLActive® e instalação da coroa protética definitiva na quinta semana pós-operatória.

Dental agenesis is a genetic abnormality characterized by total absence of one or more teeth. It affects about 6% of the population, affects preferably the second mandibular premolar and represents a challenge for rehabilitation because it leads to functional and esthetic problems. Currently, dental implants play a prominent role in rehabilitation, and the SLActive® implants stand out because they accelerate osseointegration, shorten it to 21 days, and ensure better quality of new bone around the implant. With high rates of success even when immediate or early loading is used, these implants have revolutionized modern Implantology. This report describes a case of dental agenesis of the second mandibular premolar treated using a SLActive® implant and a final prosthetic crown installed on the fifth postoperative week.

Caracterização micrométrica das superfícies dos implantes das cinco maiores companhias do mercado brasileiro. Parte II: implantes BoneLike da Biomet 3i do Brasil / Micrometric characterization of implant surfaces of the five largest companies in the Brazilian market. Part II: Biomet 3i BoneLike implants

Introdução: a qualidade da interface osso-implante é influenciada diretamente pela rugosidade da superfície do implante; e uma rugosidade média, com Sa entre 1 e 2µm, tem demonstrado melhores resultados clínicos e laboratoriais. No Brasil, são instalados mais de dois milhões de implantes por ano, sendo 79% fabricados por empresas nacionais. Porém, muito pouco é divulgado ou se conhece sobre a caracterização das superfícies desses implantes, a nível micrométrico. Objetivo: o presente estudo visa avaliar e caracterizar, numericamente, a superfície dos implantes da empresa Neodent, uma das cinco maiores empresas do mercado brasileiro. Métodos: foram avaliados 6 implantes, comprados diretamente no mercado, de dois desenhos dessa companhia e de diferentes lotes, através de um interferômetro de luz. Foram realizadas 9 medições, escolhidas aleatoriamente, para cada unidade, sendo 3 nos topos, 3 nos vales e 3 nos flancos das roscas. O mesmo padrão foi seguido para a avaliação através de microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Resultados: os implantes analisados apresentaram valores de Sa de 0,47µm para o BoneLike–HE e de 0,53µm para o BoneLike–CM. Na comparação entre os lotes, ambos os desenhos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas, entre, pelo menos, um lote em relação aos demais. Conclusões: os valores de rugosidade encontrados classificam as superfícies dos implantes BoneLike–HE como lisas e dos implantes BoneLike–CM como moderadamente rugosas, com um valor de Sa muito próximo de uma superfície também lisa.

Introduction: The quality of the bone-implant interface is directly influenced by implant surface roughness and a roughness average, with the Sa between 1 to 2ìm, has demonstrated better clinical and laboratory results. In Brazil, are installed more than two million implants per year, where 79% are manufactured by domestic companies. However, very little is known or published about the characterization of surfaces of these implants, on the micrometer level. Objective:The aims of this study are to evaluate and characterize numerically the surface of the implants BoneLike, of Biomet 3i do Brasil company, one of the five largest companies in the Brazilian market. Methods: Were evaluated a total of 6 implants, purchased directly on the market, of two different designs (BoneLike-HE and BoneLike-CM) and different batches, using light interferometry. Were performed 9 measurements randomly chosen for each unit, 3 on the tops, 3 on the valleys and 3 on the flanks of the threads. The same pattern was followed for evaluation by scanning electron microscope. Results: The analyzed implants from this company showed Sa values of 0.47ìm for BoneLike-HE and 1.01ìm for BoneLike-CM. Comparing the batches, both designs showed statistically significant differences between them. Conclusions:The roughness values found herein categorize the surfaces of BoneLike–HE implants as smooth, and BoneLike–CMimplants as moderately rough, with Sa values quite close to a smooth surface.

Evaluación clínico-radiográfica del éxito y supervivencia de implantes dentales con tratamiento de superficie e implantes con superficie torneada / Clinical-radiographic success and survival with implants dental surface treatment and surface turned

El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la influencia del tratamiento de superficie del implante en el éxito y supervivencia de estos. Se evaluaron 24 pacientes que presentaban un total de 74 implantes dentales oseointegrados, 19 con superficie torneada y 55 superficie RBM® (Lifecore® Biomedical, Chaska, Minn). Los resultados obtenidos fueron una tasa de supervivencia de 98.18% para los implantes de superficie RBM®, 100% para los de superficie lisa y para el total de implantes 98.65%. La tasa de éxito para los implantes de superficie lisa fue 63.16%, para los de superficie RBM® 70.91% y para el total de implantes 68.92%; sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre estas. La pérdida ósea fue 1.82mm para los implantes de superficie torneada y 1.34mm para los de superficie RBM®, encontrándose esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los implantes con superficie RBM® a comparación de los implantes con superficie torneada, presentan ventajas con respecto a la pérdida ósea marginal. También se observó que la variable que mayor influencia ejerce sobre la pérdida ósea marginal y el éxito del implante es el momento de la carga.

The principal aim of our study was to evaluate the survival and success rate of implants with treated surface (RBM®) and machined surface implants. 24 patients treated with 74 dental implants were evaluated. 19 machined surface implants and 55 RBM® surface implants (Lifecore® Biomedical, Chaska, Minn). The results were a survival rate of 98.18 % for RBM® implants, 100% for machined or smooth surface and 98.65 % and for the whole of implants. The success rate for smooth implants was 63.16% for RBM® implants was 70.91% and for the whole of implants was 68.92%. These results were not significantly different. However, peri-implant bone loss was significantly different between smooth implants (1.82mm) and RBM® implants 1.34. The results indicate that implants RBM present advantages with regard to the marginal bone loss. Also was observed that the load time is the variable that major influence has on the marginal bone loss and the implant success.

Comparison of implant stability after different implant surface treatments in dog bone

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of different implant surface treatments on implant stability in dog mandibles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 implants (Dentium Co, Seoul, Korea) were placed in 5 dog mandibles. Bone quality was assessed at each site. Implant stability was evaluated using 2 different methods. An OsstellTM resonance frequency analyzer (RFA) was used to determine the stability at baseline (day 1), and 3, 6 and 10 weeks after surgery. Animals were euthanized 10 weeks after implant installation. Specimens were obtained and submitted to the laboratory processing. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. All implantation sites in dog mandibles demonstrated bone types II and III. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All implants showed good primary stability at baseline in terms of insertion torque. The results of this study suggest that surface treatment may have significant effects on biological stability 3 weeks after implant placement. Further studies are needed to confirm these initial observations in poor quality bone.

COMPARISON OF RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS BETWEEN VARIOUS SURFACE PROPERTIES

The effect of Ca-P coatings of anodized implant surface on response of osteoblast-like cells in vitro / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of osteoblast-like cells to Ca-P coated surface obtained via Ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) method and Sol-Gel process on anodized surface by cellular proliferation and differentiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The surface of a commercially pure titanium (Grade IV) discs with dimension of 10mm diameter and 2 mm thickness was modified by anodic oxidation under a constant voltage of 300 V. The experimental groups were coated with Ca-P by the IBAD method and Sol-Gel process on anodized surface. The surface roughness (Ra) of specimens was measured by optical interferometer and each surface was examined by SEM. To evaluate cell response, MG63 cells were cultured and cell proliferation, ALP activity and the ability of cell differentiation were examined. Also, cell morphology was examined by SEM. The significant of each group was verified by Kruskal-Wallis Test (alpha= .05). RESULTS: The Ra value of Ca-P coated surface by IBAD method was significantly higher than Ca-P coated surface by Sol-gel process (P<.05). The level of cell proliferation and ALP activity was higher in Ca-P coated surface by IBAD method (P<.05). The expression of ALP showed higher level expression in Ca-P coated surface by IBAD method. Cells grown on Ca-P coated surface by IBAD method were uniformly distributed and developed a very close layer. CONCLUSION: These experiments showed better performances of Ca-P coated surface by IBAD method with respect to Ca-P coated surface by Sol-gel process. Ca-P coated surface by IBAD method appear to give rise more mature osteoblast characteristics and might result in increased bone growth and bone-implant contact.

Implant surface treatments affect gene expression of Runx2, osteogenic key marker

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The aim of this study was to study the effects of various surface treatments to a titanium surface on the expression of Runx2 in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human Osteosarcoma TE-85 cells were cultured on machined, sandblasted, or anodic oxidized cpTi discs. At various times of incubation, the cells were collected and then processed for the analysis of mRNA expression of Runx2 using reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: The expression pattern of Runx2 mRNA was differed according to the types of surface treatment. When the cells were cultured on the untreated control culture plates, the gene expression of Runx2 was not increased during the experiments. In the case of that the cells were cultured on the machined cpTI discs, the expression level was intermediate at the first day, but increased constitutively to day 5. In cells on sandblasted cpTi discs, the expression level was highest in the first day sample and the level was maintained to 5 days. In cells on anodized cpTi discs, the expression level increased rapidly to 3 days, but decreased slightly in the 5-th day sample. CONCLUSION: Different surface treatments may contribute to the regulation of osteoblast function by influencing the level of gene expression of key osteogenic factors.