RESUMEN
Se realizó estudio descriptivo y transversal de 377 pacientes con cavidades anoftálmicas atípicas, atendidos en el Departamento de Oculoplastia del Hospital General "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" y la Clínica de Rehabilitación de Prótesis Bucomaxilofacial del Hospital Provincial Docente "Saturnino Lora" en Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2004 hasta septiembre de 2010, con vistas a evaluar su rehabilitación quirúrgica protésica. Del total de cavidades, 13 eran congénitas y 364 adquiridas: 75 con globos oculares no estéticos y 289 sin ellos; en estos últimos se efectuaron 189 evisceraciones, 98 enucleaciones y 2 exenteraciones. En la casuística, 170 pacientes recibieron implantes orbitarios con hidroxiapatita porosa coralina cubana (HAP 200): 125 primarios y 45 secundarios. La rehabilitación quirúrgica protésica fue buena en 86,0 % de los pacientes sin implante orbital y en la totalidad de los que sí lo recibieron, de donde se concluyó que la rehabilitación quirúrgica no puede separarse de la protésica.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 377 patients with atypical anophthalmic cavities, attended in the Oculoplasty Department from "Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" General Hospital and the Rehabilitation Clinic of Oral Maxillofacial Prosthesis from "Saturnino Lora" Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January 2004 to September 2010, aimed at evaluating their surgical prosthetic rehabilitation. From the total of cavities, 13 were congenital and 364 were acquired: 75 with non-aesthetic eyeballs and 289 without them; in the last group 189 eviscerations, 98 enucleations and 2 exenterations were carried out. One hundred and seventy patients had orbital implants with Cuban coral porous hydroxyapatite (HAP 200): 125 primary and 45 secondary in the case material. Surgical prosthetic rehabilitation was good in 86,0% of the patients without orbital implants and in all those who received it, from which it was concluded that surgical rehabilitation cannot be separated from the prosthetic one.
RESUMEN
Os traumas na região do complexo zigomático-maxilar (CZM) podem acarretar diversas deformidades estéticas e incapacidades funcionais que vão desde depressões faciais a deficiências na movimentação do globo ocular. As fraturas do assoalho de órbita geralmente estão associadas ao deslocamento ósseo, ocasionado pelas fraturas na região zigomático-maxilar, cujas forças comprometem as delgadas paredes órbitárias. Entretanto, fraturas que acometem exclusivamente o assoalho orbitário também acontecem, e a este tipo de lesão dá-se o nome de fraturas do tipo blow out. O tratamento para fraturas de órbita pode ser instituído sob diversas formas que serão eleitas mediante o tamanho do defeito e da escolha do material reconstituinte. Este trabalho apresenta dois casos de fratura do CZM com fraturas de assoalho e parede medial da órbita que foram satisfatoriamente reconstituídos com tela de titânio.
Trauma in the zygomaticomaxillary complex may produce various esthetic deformities and functional defects ranging from facial depression to impairment of eye movements. Orbital floor fractures are generally associated with zygomatic fractures, the bone displacement undermining the thin walls of the orbital cavity. However, fractures that affect only the orbital floor also occur, and this type of injury is known as a blow-out fracture. The treatment of orbital fractures depends on the size of the defect and the choice of reconstructive material. The pathogenesis of these fractures is explained by the pressure of direct trauma on the eyeball, whose force is hydraulically transmitted to the thin walls that make up the orbit. This paper reports two cases of fracture of the medial floor and wall of the orbit successfully reconstructed with titanium mesh.