Cognition and Reflection on the Interview Results of Medical Ethics Education in Chinese and American Medical Colleges / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To understand the similarities and differences of medical ethics education between Chinese and American medical colleges and universities,grasp the advantages and disadvantages,and analyze the enlightenment of American medical ethics education to our country.Methods:We used individual interview method of qualitative research methods and conducted semi-open interview.Results:China can adjust the curriculum provision appropriately,enrich the content of medical ethics education,improve the medical ethics practice education,enrich teaching approaches and diversify examination form in medical students moral education cultivation.Conclusion:Both China and the United States attach great importance to medical professionalism education,medical ethics training and the doctor-patient relationship education.However,there are significant differences in their history,culture,religion and morality,as well as the medical systems,education on medical students and medical ethics education.Views formed in the interview provide certain reference and guidance for Chinese medical ethics education at a certain level.

Percepción sobre el análisis de situación de salud en un Consejo Popular de Centro Habana / Perception level on the health situation in a Popular Council of Centro Habana municipality

INTRODUCCIÓN: El análisis de la situación de salud es una actividad necesaria en la atención primaria de salud, cuyo propósito es identificar las características socio-psicológicas, económicas, históricas, geográficas, culturales y ambientales que inciden en la salud de la población, así como los problemas de salud que presentan los individuos, las familias, los grupos y la comunidad en su conjunto, para desarrollar acciones que contribuyan a su solución. OBJETIVO: Identificar la percepción sobre el análisis de la situación de salud en un Consejo Popular, para desarrollar un proyecto de planificación participativa en salud. MÉTODOS: El estudio, efectuado en el año 2008, fue de tipo cualitativo y se aplicaron dos técnicas: la entrevista individual a profundidad a líderes formales de la comunidad (no pertenecientes al sector de la salud) y la realización de dos grupos focales (uno con líderes formales del sector de la salud y otro con líderes informales de la comunidad). Se utilizó el Software Cualitativo NVivo 8 para codificar la información y realizar su análisis. RESULTADOS: Los líderes formales tuvieron una percepción limitada del análisis. Los informales no tenían información total de lo que significaba y el personal de salud, aunque creía que era una herramienta indispensable y conocía el método, no realizaba un completo proceso de planificación, ni involucraba adecuadamente a la comunidad en este. La participación comunitaria se percibió solamente como colaborativa. No se implementan métodos participativos en esta comunidad que contribuyan a fortalecer la presencia intersectorial y de líderes comunitarios dentro del análisis de la situación de salud, a pesar de la cohesión, el trabajo permanente y conjunto entre los diferentes actores. Los líderes formales no representantes de salud y los líderes informales de la comunidad no perciben la necesidad de ser incluidos en este. CONCLUSIÓN: En el análisis de la situación de salud deben participar todo tipo de líderes comunitarios.

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of the health situation is a necessary action in the health primary care, whose objective is to identify the socio-psychological, economic, historic, geographic, cultural and environmental characteristics with repercussion on population's health, as well as the health problems of subjects, the families, the groups and the community in general, to develop actions contributing to its solution. OBJECTIVE: To identify the perception level on the analysis of health situation in a Popular Council to develop a participation planning project in health. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted on 2008 with the application of two techniques: the in depth individual interview to formal leaders of community (not pertaining to the health sector) and the creation of two focal groups (one including formal leaders of such sector and another with informal leaders of the same community). The NVivo 8 Qualitative Software was used codify the information ant to carry out the analysis. RESULTS: The forma leaders had a limited perception of the analysis and the informal ones had not any total information about analysis and the health staff, although believed that it was a essential tool known for everybody, neither performed a complete process of planning not involved to appropriately community in it. The community participation was perceived only as something of cooperation. Participation methods are not implemented in this community, which may to contribute to strength the intersectorial and community leader's presence in the analysis of health situation, despite the cohesion, the continuous work among the different sectors. The formal non-representative leaders of health sector and the informal ones of the same community considered their participation in this project was not necessary. CONCLUSION: The participation of community leaders in the analysis of the health situation is essential.

Healing Effects of the Forest Experience on Alcoholics

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe healing effects of the forest on alcoholics through a forest experience program. METHODS: The qualitative data was gathered from one focus group discussion with 6 alcoholics and individual interviews with 8 alcoholics. They had all participated in a "healing forest" program. All interviews were recorded and transcribed according to thematic content analysis processes. RESULTS: The four main themes on the attributes of forest were "a lively living being", "placidity and tranquility", "acceptive atmosphere", and "beautifulness as it is" which revealed the participants' perceived nature of the forest which was attributed to the healing effects. Eight other themes on participants' positive changes included "revived senses", "aspired to live", "relieved and relaxed from being tense", "gaining insight on self", "having an acceptive attitude", "becoming compliant with his/her life", "learning that life is being together" and "recognizing the value of one's existence". CONCLUSION: The findings of the study illustrated the participants' self-healing processes through interactions with the nature of the forest. Nursing interventions utilizing healing atmospheres such as "healing forest" programs can be considered helpful in providing a venue to alcoholics to reflect on their lives affirmatively.

Assessment of university faculty needs for developing managerial strategies : an in-depth individual interview application

The purposes of this study were to : (1) identify the faculty and staffs' patronage behaviors, (2) evaluate customer perception and complaint on service quality attributes, (3) diagnose customer needs to construct scheme for building a new faculty foodservice. The qualitative method of this research was proceeded by interviewing 20 individuals. Most respondents considered that 'taste', 'atmosphere', 'clean and sanitation', and 'menu variety' were important rather than 'price' in general faculty foodservice. Therefore, 'taste', 'menu variety', 'atmosphere' were the most important service attributes for remodeling present faculty foodservice.