RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the species and activities of wild animals infected with schistosome in hilly and mountain areas by using an infrared camera technique, so as to provide the evidence for the surveillance of schistosomiasis in these areas. Methods Six infrared cameras were selected and placed in 6 environments of the risk monitoring points of schistosomiasis in Shitai County in Anhui Province. The species and activities of the wild animals in the 6 environments were observed through the photographs and videos taken by the cameras. Results Through 5 day’s monitoring, 3 wild mammals, such as voles, hares and wild boars, were found in 4 monitoring environments, of which voles were found at 2 environments with snails, and hares, wild boars and voles were found in 2 environments adjacent to environments with snails respectively. The monitoring showed that the vole activity was most frequent in the monitored environment. Conclusion The use of infrared camera technique has a good effect in the investigation of wild animal infectious source of schistosomiasis, and it is also suitable for the monitoring work in other types of environments.
RESUMEN
Although great success has been achieved in schistosomiasis control,schistosomiasis japonica remains a public?health concern in China. Schistosoma japonicum is found to naturally infect over 40 mammalian animals. The implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy emphasizing infectious source control since 2004,which integrates replacement of bovines with machines,breeding domestic animals in fences,building safe pastures and chemotherapy of infected bovines,re?sults in a clear?cut reduction in the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in both humans and bovines,as well as the areas of in?fected snail habitats,and the national schistosomiasis control program is moving from transmission control towards transmission interruption and elimination. It has been found that goat is highly susceptible to S. japonicum infection,and previous epidemio?logical data have shown a high prevalence of infection in goat. However,the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis ja?ponica has not been paid much attention,and there are few systematic surveys to evaluate the role of goat in schistosomiasis transmission in China to date. Professor Liang Yousheng’s group investigated S. japonicum development and reproduction(egg laying)in goat body,environmental contamination by goat feces,and the effect of temperature and humidity on the survival of S. japonicum eggs in goat feces. Their findings further demonstrate the role of goat in the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica. In addition,they proposed,based on their findings and previous reports,that the management of goat should be integrated into the national schistosomiasis control program in China,since goat is virtually one of the major infectious sources of schistosomia?sis japonica in China. Moreover,this group improved the fecal hatching test and optimized the parasitological technique for diag?nosis of S. japonicum infection in goats. These innovative studies fill in the gaps of goat schistosomiasis japonica research in Chi?na,and the research outcomes will enrich the currently implemented integrated schistosomiasis control strategy emphasizing in?fectious source control,and are believed to play a critical role in schistosomiasis elimination in China. Since schistosomiasis seri?ously affects goat husbandry development and local famer income,and goat has become a major infectious source of schistosomi?asis japonica in China,the control of goat schistosomiasis will facilitate the progress towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in China,and the following research priorities are suggested:(1)to emphasize the control of goat schistosomiasis,and to integrate the comprehensive management of goat into the national schistosomiasis control program in China;and(2)to develop new tech?niques,products and interventions for the control of goat schistosomiasis.
RESUMEN
This review describes the major species,number,breeding pattern,ratio of fenced to freely grazed goat,suscepti?bility to Schistosoma japonicum,pattern of S. japonicum infection,infection rate,intensity of infection,fecal contamination of goat that were bred in 5 marshland and lake provinces of Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui and Jiangsu,and two mountainous provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan,and demonstrates the associations of infected goat distribution with the distribution of infect?ed Oncomelania hupensis snails and humans. Considering the huge number of goat which were predominantly grazed freely in marshland and lake endemic regions of China,the high infection rate,numerous environmental pollution by goat feces,as well as the close correlation between the infected goat distribution and infected snail distribution,goat is considered as a major infec?tious source for schistosomiasis japonica in China,and to play a critical role in the transmission of the disease. Since the control of schistosomiasis in animals is critical to schistosomiasis interruption and elimination,it is suggested that the integrated man?agement of goat schistosomiasis should be included in the national schistosomiasis control program of China.