DC-SIGN receptor is expressed by cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and differentially binds to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes

BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing non integrin receptor (DC-SIGN) binds to subgenera Leishmania promastigotes mediating its interaction with DC and neutrophils, potentially influencing the infection outcome. OBJECTIVES In this work, we investigated whether DC-SIGN receptor is expressed in cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions as well as the in vitro binding pattern of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) and L. (L.) amazonensis (La) promastigotes. METHODS DC-SIGN receptor was labeled by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved CL tissue fragments. In vitro binding assay with CFSE-labeled Lb or La promastigotes and RAJI-transfecting cells expressing DC-SIGN (DC-SIGNPOS) or mock-transfected (DC-SIGNNEG) were monitored by flow cytometry at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h in co-culture. RESULTS In CL lesion infiltrate, DC-SIGNPOS cells were present in the dermis and near the epidermis. Both Lb and La bind to DC-SIGNPOS cells, while binding to DC-SIGNNEG was low. La showed precocious and higher affinity to DC-SIGNhi population than to DC-SIGNlow, while Lb binding was similar in these populations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN receptor is present in L. braziliensis CL lesions and interact with Lb promastigotes. Moreover, the differences in the binding pattern to Lb and La suggest DC-SIGN can influence in a difference way the intake of the parasites at the first hours after Leishmania infection. These results raise the hypothesis that DC-SIGN receptor could participate in the immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis accounting for the differences in the outcome of the Leishmania spp. infection.

Avaliação do microambiente tumoral em adenocarcinomas gástricos a partir de dados de expressão gênica / Evaluation of the tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinomas using gene expression data

O câncer gástrico (CG) tem grande importância clínica devido a suas altas taxas de incidência e mortalidade estando entre os cinco tipos de câncer mais frequentes no mundo. O CG encontra-se associado ao diagnóstico tardio, que, somado a agressividade da doença, resulta em sobrevida mediana curta. A principal forma de tratamento é a cirurgia em conjunto com a quimioterapia. Mais recentemente, o tratamento com imunoterpia foi aprovado para casos de CG avançado metastático. O CG é usualmente classificado nos subtipos histológicos difuso e intestinal, porém, devido à sua alta heterogeneidade genética, pode ser também classificado em quatro subtipos moleculares (CIN, MSI, GS e EBV). Ambos aspectos de classificação estão associados a diferentes prognósticos e taxas de sobrevida, mas ainda não são suficientes para direcionar ou predizer quais pacientes respondem melhor a uma ou outra terapia. Neste contexto, outro fator relacionado à patogênese da doença, resposta a tratamento e prognóstico é o contexto imunológico do microambiente tumoral, como a composição e orientação funcional das células do infiltrado inflamatório associado ao tumor. Por meio de um método analítico de deconvolução aplicado a dados de expressão gênica é possível estimar a proporção de diferentes tipos celulares, além de seus aspectos funcionais. Neste trabalho, foi feito um levantamento das ferramentas e listas de genes marcadores de células imunes a fim de definir qual teria a melhor performance na estimação da proporção de células imunes em amostras de CG. Não observamos diferenças na composição do infiltrado inflamatório entre os subtipos histológios; já entre os subtipos moleculares de CG as proporções de linfóctios T CD8 se destacaram como maiores nos subtipos EBV e MSI, por exemplo. Foi então proposta uma classificação baseada em assinaturas mutacionais que conseguiu resgatar pacientes que apresentaram melhor prognóstico. O contexto imunológico nos pacientes com alta atividade mutacional (S4) apresentou elementos de que ser mais responsivo com maior expressão de genes associados à resposta imune citotóxica e do mecanismo de escape pelos checkpoints imunes. Além disso, há indícios de que há formação das estruturas terciárias de linfócitos pela correlação entre as quantidades estimadas de linfócitos T e B. Já o grupo com baixa atividade da assinatura (S4), associado a um pior prognóstico, apresentou maiores quantidades de linfócitos Treg. A avaliação global do microambiente tumoral, seus aspectos moleculares e imunológicos, proporciona dados mais informativos para estratificação dos pacientes quanto ao prognóstico e podem ser utilizadas em breve na prática clínica para direcionamento terapêutico.

Gastric cancer (GC) has great clinical importance due to its high incidence and mortality rates, being among the five most frequent types of cancer in the world. GC is associated with late diagnosis which, added to the aggressiveness of the disease, results in a short median survival. The main form of treatment is surgery in conjunction with chemotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy treatment has been approved for advanced metastatic GC. GC is usually classified into diffuse and intestinal histological subtypes, however, due to its high genetic heterogeneity, it can also be classified into four molecular subtypes (CIN, MSI, GS and EBV). Both classification are associated with different prognosis and survival rates, but they are still not sufficient to direct or predict which patients respond better to one or another therapy. In this context, another factor related to the pathogenesis of the disease, response to treatment and prognosis is the immunological context of the tumor microenvironment, such as the composition and functional orientation of the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with the tumor. Through an analytical method of deconvolution applied to gene expression data, it is possible to estimate the proportion of different cell types, in addition to their functional aspects. In this work, the tools and lists of immune cell marker genes were surveyed in order to define which one would perform better in estimating the proportion of immune cells in GC samples. We did not observe differences in the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate between the histological subtypes; among the CG molecular subtypes, the proportions of T CD8 lymphocytes stood out as higher in the EBV and MSI subtypes, for example. A classification based on mutational signatures was then proposed, which managed to rescue patients with a better prognosis. The immunological context in these patients with high mutational activity (S4) showed elements of being more responsive with greater expression of genes associated with the cytotoxic immune response and the escape mechanism by immune checkpoints. In addition, there is evidence that there is formation of tertiary lymphocyte structures by the correlation between the estimated amounts of T and B lymphocytes. The group with low mutational signature activity (S4), on the other hand, associated with a worse prognosis, had higher amounts of Treg lymphocytes. The global assessment of the tumor microenvironment, its molecular and immunological aspects, provides more informative data for stratifying patients regarding prognosis and may soon be used in clinical practice for therapeutic guidance.

Dietary supplementation with multi-strain formula of probiotics modulates inflammatory and immunological markers in apical periodontitis

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics multi-strain formula affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP) induced in rats. Methodology 16 Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n=8): rats with AP fed with regular diet (Control-C (CG)); rats with AP, fed with regular diet and supplemented with multi-strain formula (one billion colony-forming units (CFU)): GNC Probiotic Complex (PCG) ( Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivaris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis and Streptococcus thermofilus ). AP was induced in the upper and lower first molars by dental pulp exposure to the oral environment. PCG was administered orally through gavage for 30 days during the AP development. After this period the animals were euthanized and the mandibles were removed and processed for histologic analysis, and immunochemical assays for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, RANKL, OPG, and TRAP. The Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t test were performed (P<.05). Results The CG showed more intense inflammatory infiltrate than the PCG group (P<.05). IL-1β, IL 6 and RANKL decreased in the PCG group compared with CG (P<.05). The IL-10 level increased in the PCG group (P<.05). The OPG level was similar in both groups (P>.05). The number of mature osteoclasts (TRAP-positive multinucleated cells) was lower in PCG group when compared to the CG (P<.05). Conclusion Probiotic Complex modulates inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis.

El infiltrado tumoral del carcinoma ductal infiltrante en Holguín, Cuba / Ductal infiltrating carcinoma´s inflammatory tumor infiltrates in Holguín, Cuba

Introducción: el carcinoma ductal infiltrante es la neoplasia maligna mamaria más frecuente. Entre sus características anatomopatológicas se presenta el grado histológico de malignidad, como su factor pronóstico. Existen otras alteraciones histopatológicas, como la presencia e intensidad del infiltrado inflamatorio intratumoral y peritumoral, sobre lo cual es necesario profundizar. Objetivos: determinar la intensidad del infiltrado inflamatorio intraperitumoral y peritumoral, e identificar su relación con el grado histológico de malignidad. Métodos: el estudio de una serie de casos de 392 biopsias, diagnosticadas con carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama, en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Lenin, de Holguín, Cuba, desde el año 2011 al 2015. Se determinó la presencia e intensidad del infiltrado inflamatorio intratumoral y peritumoral, y su grado histológico de malignidad. Resultados: se logró diferenciar el 68,1% de los tumores de mama. Predominaron los infiltrados inflamatorios intratumoral y peritumoral ligeros, con 44,9% y 55,4% respectivamente. El 84,6% de los tumores bien diferenciados, mostraron un infiltrado inflamatorio intratumoral ligero. En el 47,2% de los tumores moderadamente diferenciados, y en el 41,7% de los tumores poco diferenciados, con un infiltrado inflamatorio severo; se realizaron infiltrados moderados. En los tumores bien diferenciados se observó un predominio del infiltrado inflamatorio peritumoral ligero, de hasta el 92,3%; mientras que el 48,3% de los tumores con poca diferenciación, mostraron una correlación positiva con el infiltrado inflamatorio severo. Conclusiones: en el infiltrado inflamatorio intratumoral y peritumoral, predominó la intensidad ligera, y apareció un factor pronóstico potencial: la correlación entre la intensidad del infiltrado inflamatorio y el grado histológico de malignidad.

Introduction: among most frequent malignant breast tumors, ductal carcinoma has prevailed. Its malignancy histological level has become the prognosis factor. However, histopathological abnormalities like intra and peritumoral inflammatory infiltrates intensity, still require serious studies. Objectives: to determine intra and peritumoral inflammatory infiltrates intensity, and to identify their relation to malignancy histological levels. Methods: a case series study with 392 infiltrating ductal carcinoma diagnosed biopsies, at Lenin Hospital Pathological Anatomy Department, from 2011 to 2015; in which presence and intensity of intratumoral, and peritumoral inflammatory infiltrates, and malignancy histological level, were found. Results: breast tumors were differentiated up to 68.1%. Intra and peritumoral lights inflammatory infiltrate prevailed, with 44.9% and 55.4% each. Well differentiated lights inflammatory infiltrated tumors reached 84.6%. Moderate differentiated tumors were moderate infiltrated, up to 47.2%; and poor diferentiated with severe inflamatory infíltrate, presented 41.7%. Among well differentiated tumors, peritumoral light inflamatory infiltrate revealed 92.3%. Those poor differentiated were only 48.3% positively related. Conclusions: intra and peritumoral light intensity inflammatory infiltrate was the most frequent, considered as the potential prognosis factor, because of its directly proportional relationship with malignancy histological level.

Avaliação clínica, endoscópica e histopatológica de cães com doença inflamatória intestinal / Clinical, endoscopic and histopathological evaluation of dogs with inflammatory bowel disease

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar macro e microscopicamente a mucosa gastrintestinal de cães domiciliados, que apresentaram sinais gastrintestinais crônicos, por meio de exame endoscópico e da avaliação histopatológica. Os sinais clínicos, a macro e a microscopia das mucosas gástrica e duodenal foram correlacionados. Foram avaliados 20 cães de diferentes raças, sendo 7 machos e 13 fêmeas, com idade variando entre 1,7 a 15,8 anos, que apresentavam cronicidade dos sinais característicos da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII). O estudo foi prospectivo e transversal, realizado em cães atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (HUVET - UFF) e em clínicas privadas do município do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras de mucosa gastroduodenal foram obtidas por meio de biópsia endoscópica e foram processadas por técnica histológica de rotina e coradas por Hematoxilina-Eosina e Giemsa. As amostras foram submetidas à análise histopatológica para pesquisa de bactérias espiraladas sugestivas de Helicobacter spp. O teste rápido da urease também foi realizado. Os sinais clínicos, e os achados macro e microscópicos foram confrontados e correlacionados. Neste estudo, foi possível estabelecer correlação positiva entre a perda de peso e a presença de enantema no antro, no corpo e no duodeno além de correlação entre alteração do apetite, a presença de infiltrado inflamatório gástrico e a positividade no teste da urease. Este estudo demonstrou a importância da observação de alguns sinais clínicos como a perda de peso e alterações do apetite no curso da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal. Desta forma, enfatiza-se que cães que apresentem tais sinais clínicos devem ter a Doença Inflamatória Intestinal incluída no grupo de diagnósticos diferenciais evitando, com isso, negligenciar uma enfermidade que, cada vez mais, acomete animais de pequeno porte.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate macro and microscopic gastrointestinal mucosa of domiciled dogs, with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms by endoscopy and histopathological evaluation, correlating clinical signs, macro and microscopy characteristics/aspects/changes of duodenal and gastric mucosa. Twenty dogs of different breeds were evaluated with with chronic characteristic signs of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), being 7 males and 13 females, with ages ranging from 1.7 to 15.8 years old. The study was prospective and cross-sectional, conducted in dogs treated at the Teaching Veterinary Medicine Hospital of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (HUVET-UFF) and private clinics in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Gastroduodenal mucosal samples were obtained by endoscopic biopsy and were processed by routine histological technique and stained with hematoxylin- eosin and Giemsa. The samples were submitted to histopathological analysis for the detection of spiral bacteria suggestive of Helicobacter spp. The rapid urease test was also performed. The clinical signs, the macro and microscopic findings were compared and correlated. In this study, we established a positive correlation between weight loss and the presence of erythema in the antrum, body and duodenum as well as correlation between change in appetite and the presence of gastric inflammatory infiltrate and positivity in the urease test. This study demonstrated the importance of the observation of some clinical signs such as weight loss and appetite changes in the course of IBD. Thus, it is emphasized that dogs showing these clinical signs should have the IBD included in the differential diagnoses group avoiding thereby neglecting a disease that increasingly affects small animals.(AU)

Involvement of mast cells, CD68+ and VEGF+ expressions in response to Himatanthus drasticus commercial latex in mice wound healing model / Envolvimento de mastócitos, expressão de CD68+ e VEGF+ em resposta ao látex comercial de Himatanthus drasticus em modelo de cicatrização em camundongos

This study aimed to evaluate Himatanthus drasticus latex in a mice wound healing experimental model. Animals were divided into four groups (n=7) according to the treatments: GI - saline 0.9% (control), GII - mineral oil (vehicle), GIII - H. drasticus commercial latex (HdCL) and GIV - H. drasticus mixed isolated fraction (MIF, 1 mg/mL). The treatments were applied topically once daily, 50 µL for 14 consecutive days. Macroscopic lesions were evaluated, considering parameters such as swelling, redness, granulation tissue and reepithelialization. VEGF+, CD68+ expressions and mast cells (Toluidin blue stain) were evaluated. HdCL induced higher contraction and exuberant granulation tissue (P > 0.05). HdCL showed a mild inflammatory process while MIF induced intense infiltrate inflammatory predominantly by lymphocytes, vascular congestion, bleeding and did not presented full reepithelialization. Reorganization of collagen fibers (red picrosirius stain) was observed. CD68+ expression and mast cells were presented as moderate, intense and mild in GI, GIII and GIV, respectively. Neovascularization occurred in all groups, while VEGF+ expression was intense in MIF in relation to HdCL. We concluded that HdCL presents wound healing potential, through modulation of mast cells, CD68+ and VEGF+ expressions that can be associated to triterpenes presence according MIF isolated from HdCL.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o látex de Himatanthus drasticus em feridas induzidas experimentalmente em camundongos. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=7): GI - salina 0,9% (controle), GII - óleo mineral (veículo), GIII - látex comercial de H. drasticus (HdCL) e GIV - fração isolada mista de H. drasticus (MIF, 1mg/mL). Os tratamentos foram aplicados topicamente uma vez ao dia (50µL), durante 14 dias consecutivos. Lesões macroscópicas, as expressões de VEGF+, CD68+ e a participação dos mastócitos (coloração azul de toluidina) foram avaliadas. HdCL induziu maior contração e tecido de granulação exuberante (P >0,05). HdCL induziu leve processo inflamatório enquanto MIF promoveu intenso infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente linfocítico, congestão vascular, hemorragia e reepitelização parcial. Observou-se reorganização das fibras colágenas (coloração picrosírius). A expressão de CD68+ e os mastócitos apresentaram-se moderados, intensos e leves em GI, GIII e GIV, respectivamente. A neovascularização foi observada em todos os grupos, enquanto a expressão de VEGF+ foi mais intensa em MIF em relação a HdCL. Conclui-se que HdCL apresenta potencial de cicatrização por meio da modulação dos mastócitos e das expressões de CD68+ e VEGF+, o que pode estar associado à presença de triterpenos de acordo com MIF isolada de HdCL.(AU)

Manifestaciones bucales del liquen plano / Oral manifestations of the lichen planus

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 102 pacientes con liquen plano bucal, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de evaluar las alteraciones celulares epiteliales, así como relacionarlas con el diagnóstico y las formas clínicas de dicha enfermedad. A los afectados se les realizó biopsia para obtener las muestras de tejido lesionado, las cuales fueron fijadas y procesadas con la técnica de inclusión en parafina. Esta afección tuvo mayor frecuencia después de la segunda década de la vida y prevaleció en los pacientes de piel blanca. La región topográfica más afectada fue la mucosa de carrillo. Los hallazgos más relevantes en el estudio microscópico correspondieron al infiltrado inflamatorio en banda y la degeneración vacuolizante de la capa basal del epitelio.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 102 patients with oral lichen planus, assisted in the stomatological department from the Specialties Polyclinic of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Clinical Surgical Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out in order to evaluate the epithelial cellular alterations, as well as to relate them with the diagnosis and the clinical forms of this disease. Biopsies were carried out to those affected to obtain the samples of damaged tissue, which were fixed and processed with the paraffin inclusion technique. This affection had higher frequency after the second decade of life and it prevailed in the white skinned patients. The most affected topographical region was the cheek mucous. The most relevant findings in the microscopic study corresponded to the band-like inflammatory infiltrate and the vacuolizing degeneration of the epithelium basal layer.

Incidencia de la eritroleucoplasia en la cavidad bucal / Incidence of erythroleukoplakia in the oral cavity

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 20 mujeres y hombres mayores de 19 años, adictos al tabaco, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre del 2007 hasta igual mes del 2010, con vistas a evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico, obtenido del examen de la cavidad bucal y de la biopsia realizada a los pacientes con eritroleucoplasia. Las muestras fueron fijadas y procesadas por la técnica convencional de inclusión en parafina, con lo cual se confirmó la presencia de cambios tisulares. En la casuística prevalecieron el sexo masculino, la ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas y la mucosa de carrillo como el sitio de ubicación más susceptible. Asimismo, las alteraciones hísticas más comunes fueron la hiperqueratosis y el infiltrado inflamatorio subepitelial.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 20 women and men older than 19 years, who were heavy smokers, assisted in the Stomatology Department of the Specialties Polyclinic from Saturnino Lora Torres Provincial Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from September, 2007 to the same month of 2010, with the objective of evaluating the results of the clinico-histopathological diagnosis, obtained from the examination to the oral cavity and from the biopsy carried out to patients with erythroleukoplakia. The samples were fixed and processed through the conventional technique of inclusion in paraffin, which confirmed the presence of tissue changes. Male sex, the absence of clinical manifestations and the cheek mucosa as the most susceptible location prevailed in the case material. Also, the most common tissue alterations were the hyperkeratosis and the subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate.

Diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico de la leucoplasia bucal / Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 116 pacientes con leucoplasia bucal, atendidos en la consulta de estomatología del Policlínico de Especialidades perteneciente al Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio del 2007 hasta igual mes del 2010, a fin de evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico de esta afección y vincularlos con el tabaquismo y los síntomas subjetivos. Las muestras para biopsias se depositaron en un frasco de cristal con formol al 10 %, se fijaron en formalina al 5 %, se procesaron por la técnica clásica de inclusión en parafina y luego se colorearon con hematoxilina-eosina, con lo cual se confirmó la presencia de cambios celulares. En la casuística primaron el sexo masculino, la ausencia de dichos síntomas, la displasia epitelial y la hiperparaqueratosis como alteraciones epiteliales más comunes, así como la displasia severa en fumadores con más años de serlo. Sobre la base de las transformaciones registradas, deben realizarse investigaciones que permitan precisar la connotación biológica e histológica de esta enfermedad.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 116 patients with oral leukoplakia, assisted in the Stomatology Department of the Specialties Polyclinic belonging to "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2007 to the same month of 2010, in order to evaluate the results of the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of this disorder and their relation to the smoking habit and subjective symptoms. The samples for biopsies were deposited in a glass flask with 10 % formol, they were fixed in 5 % formaline, they were processed through the classic technique of inclusion in paraffin and then they were colored with hematoxiline-eosine, through which the presence of cellular changes was confirmed. Male sex, the absence of these symptoms, the epithelial dysplasia and the hyperparakeratosis prevailed in the case material, as the most common epithelial changes, as well as the severe dysplasia in heavier smokers. On the bases of the detected transformations, investigations allowing to specify the biological and histological implications of this disease should be carried out.

Detecção de Helicobacter spp. em amostras de mucosa gástrica de cães assintomáticos e alterações histológicas associadas / Identification of Helicobacter spp. in gastric mucosa samples asymptomatic dogs and associate histological alterations

O presente estudo teve por objetivo correlacionar o número de bactérias espiraladas e as alterações histológicas da mucosa gástrica em cães de vida livre. Foram analisadas biopsias gástricas endoscópicas de 28 cães assintomáticos. Para análise histológica, foi realizada avaliação qualitativa, onde foram atribuídos escores de 0 a 3, considerando a densidade de bactérias espiraladas por campo (400x), a presença de células inflamatórias, o número de agregados linfoides e a existência de alteração degenerativa glandular. A prevalência de Helicobacter spp, identificado pela histologia (Carbol-Fucscina) e positividade no teste da urease, foi de 100%. Dos 28 cães, 18 (64,3%) receberam escore 3 e 10 (35,7%) o escore 2 para a densidade de bactérias. O infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente linfoplasmocitário foi de grau leve (escore 1) em 17 (60,7%) cães e moderado em 6 (21,4%) cães. Dos 28 cães, 14 (50%) receberam escore 1 para degeneração glandular e 9 (32,1%), o escore 0. As regiões do corpo e antro apresentaram maior número de resultados positivos à histopatologia. Apesar do número elevado de bactérias encontrado nas amostras analisadas, as alterações histológicas foram classificadas como de grau leve na maioria dos animais. A presença do Helicobacter spp. não parece estar relacionado com sintomatologia de gastrite.

The objective of the present study was to establish a relationship between the number of spiral bacteria and gastric mucosa histological alterations in mongrel dogs. Endoscopic biopsies of 28 asymptomatic dogs were analyzed. Qualitative evaluation was performed for histological analysis, in which scores from 0 to 3 were attributed, considering the density of spiral bacteria per field (400x), presence of inflammatory cells, number of lymphoid aggregates and existence of gland degenerative alteration. The prevalence of Helicobacter spp., identified by hystological technique (Carbol – fuchsine) and positive urease test, was100%. Eighteen (64.3%) of the 28 dogs presented score 3, and 10 (35.7%0), score 2 for the density of bacteria. The inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, was slight (score 1) in 17dogs (60.7%) and moderate in 6 (21.4%). From the 28 dogs, 14 (50%) scored 1 for glandular degeneration and 9 (32.1%) scored 0. The body and antrum regions presented the highest positive result to histopathology. Despite the high number of bacteria found in the analyzed samples, the histological alterations have been classified as slight in most of the animals. The presence of Helicobacter spp. apparently does not produces gastritis symptoms.

Patología ultraestructural del infiltrado inflamatorio en la displasia epitelial y carcinoma espinocelular bucal / Ultrastructural pathology of inflammatory infiltrate in epithelial dysplasia and oral spinocellular carcinoma

Se ha observado que muchas neoplasias se desarrollan en asociación con la inflamación, infección e irritación crónica, siendo éste el caso del Carcinoma Espinocelular bucal y los estados previos de Displasia Epitelial. El propósito del presente trabajo fue estudiar ultraestructuralmente el infiltrado inflamatorio en lesiones epiteliales con Displasias y Carcinomas Espinocelulares bucales, mediante técnicas convencionales de la microscopia electrónica de transmisión. La presencia de un infiltrado inflamatorio y las frecuentes interacciones observadas entre sus componentes con las células epiteliales neoplásicas, sugieren su participación activa en el desarrollo y progresión del Carcinoma Espinocelular bucal dada la etiopatogenia de estas lesiones y la estrecha relación entre el microambiente generado por la inflamación crónica y las células epiteliales tumorales

It has been observed that many neoplasms are developed in association with inflammation, infection and chronic irritation, which is the case of oral Spinocellular Carcinoma and previous states of Epithelial Dysplasias. The purpose of the present work was to study ultrastructurally : inflammatory infiltrate in epithelial lesions related to Dysplasia and oral Spinocellular Carcinomas by routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy. Observed presence of inflammatory infiltrate and the frequent interactions between cells of infiltrate and with neoplastic cells suggests its active participation in the development and progression of oral Spinocellular Carcinoma given the etiopathogenia of these lesions and the intimate relation among microenvironment generated by chronic inflammation and tumor epithelial cells