Application and practice of informal organization team to help scientific research management / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The study aimed to explore and improve the function of informal organizations by analyzing the informal organizations in the establishment of scientific research management.Methods Several teams of informal organizations were established according to the practical demand during the management.A series of scientific research work,which was based on the character of each organization combing with the information-sharing platform were carried out.Results Using the information sharing platform as the media,the informal organizations play an irreplaceable role in the management of scientific research,providing excellent assistance to the clinical work and scientific research.Conclusions The informal organizations function as the effective complement to the formal organization teams with the enhancement of working efficiency and the improvement of scientific management team.It greatly helps the scientific research as a multiple-unit high speed train.

Efectos del encarcelamiento: una revisión de las medidas de prisionización en Venezuela / Effects of imprisonment: a review of prisonization measures in Venezuela / Efeitos do aprisionamento: uma revisão das medidas do prisionização na Venezuela

Resumen El objetivo Fue exponer y discutir, a la luz de la revisión teórica y empírica, los resultados aportados por las aplicaciones de la escala de prisionización venezolana, así como las variables asociadas a tal fenómeno. Empleando una metodología cuantitativa, con análisis estadístico bi y multivariado de la información tomada de una encuesta por muestreo, aplicada cara a cara a cuatro muestras de reclusos en tres años diferentes (2006, 2007 y 2009), se llegó a resultados que demuestran una validez y confiabilidad aceptable de la escala, la cual indica que en las muestras en estudio se verificaron altos niveles de prisionización, fenómeno que se veía profundizado en aquellos individuos con hábitos de consumo de sustancias ilícitas, antes y durante el encarcelamiento, y en menor medida mediante experiencias previas con la prisión y el sistema de justicia penal. La conclusión apunta a considerar que en el caso venezolano, la prisionización es un fenómeno que depende más del contexto institucional carcelario que de las variables individuales y sociales de los reclusos, y se plantea que el abordaje de dicho fenómeno debe profundizarse y repensarse en estudios que tomen en cuenta el "nuevo" régimen penitenciario venezolano.

Abstract The objective here was to expose and discuss, in the light of both theoretical and empirical, the results contributed through the application of the Venezuelan prisonization scale, as well as of the variables associated with such a phenomenon. By using a quantitative methodology, with a statistical bi and multivariate analysis of information taken from a sampling survey applied face to face four samples of inmates in three different years (2006, 2007 y 2009), results showing acceptable validity and reliability of the scale were reached, this indicating the verification of high levels of prisonization, a phenomenon that was being deepened in individuals with habits of illicit substance consumption prior to and during incarceration, and to a lesser extent through previous experiences with prison and the criminal justice system. The conclusion points to the consideration that, in the Venezuelan case, imprisonment is an occurrence depending rather from the prison institutional context than from inmates' individual and social variables, therefore the approach to this issue should be deepened and rethought in studies able to take into account the "new" Venezuelan penitentiary system.

Resumo O objetivo foi expor e discutir, à luz da revisão teórica e empírica, os resultados apresentados pelas aplicações da escala da prisionização venezuelana, assim como as variáveis associadas a tal fenômeno. Usando uma metodologia quantitativa, com análise estatística bi- e multi-variadou da informação pegada de uma pesquisa por amostra, aplicada cara a cara a quatro amostras de reclusos em três anos diferentes (2006, 2007 e 2009), obtiveram-se os resultados que demonstram uma validez e confiança aceitável da escala, que indica que nas amostras do estudo verificaram-se altos níveis de prisionização, fenômeno que era aprofundado naqueles indivíduos com hábitos do consumo de substâncias ilícitas, antes e durante o aprisionamento, e em menor medida por meio das experiências precedentes com a prisão e do sistema da justiça penal. A conclusão aponta considerar que no caso venezuelano, a prisionização é um fenômeno que dependa mais do contexto institucional da prisão que das variáveis individuais e sociais dos reclusos, e considera que a abordagem deste fenômeno deve ser aprofundado e repensado nos estudos que levem em conta o "novo" regime penitenciário venezuelano.

Administration of the Informal Organization in Hospital / 中国医学伦理学

Though analyzing the informal organization in hospital as well as their influence on hospital administration, the corresponding manage approach are proposed, which includes human - centered thinking, recognizing the organization, respecting the members, enhancing the cultural development, developing the consciousness of loving hospital, and establishing the harmonious atmosphere.