Sistema automatizado para el control de medios de informática, ofimática y comunicaciones CIMIOC

Introducción: en las instituciones pertenecientes al Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, la forma habitual de registrar el control de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación ha sido mediante hojas de Excel, procesadores de texto y fichas técnicas impresas. El control informatizado ofrece ventajas, pero las aplicaciones informáticas existentes a nivel mundial son costosas o no adaptables a los requerimientos. Objetivo: desarrollar una herramienta informática para el control institucional de medios informáticos, ofimáticos y de comunicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: investigación de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica, realizada durante 2018 y 2019, en dos etapas: 1) trabajo de mesa, definición de objetivos y establecimiento de pre-requisitos; 2) desarrollo de la aplicación, siguiendo la política de utilización de software libre. Las pruebas de funcionamiento y la evaluación se realizaron en la empresa MEDICuba S.A. Resultados: se desarrolló y registró una aplicación para el Control Informatizado de Medios de Informática, Ofimática y Comunicaciones (CIMIOC), con interfaz web, base de datos centralizada y un diseño adaptable a varios tipos de dispositivos. Permite registrar cualquier recurso de este tipo, su historial de movimiento, el estado técnico, los programas de mantenimiento y salvas de información, y ofrece diferentes reportes estadísticos. Conclusiones: la herramienta informática CIMIOC ofrece una solución robusta y económica para la gestión de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, aplicable a cualquier institución. Facilita de manera objetiva el establecimiento de políticas que tributen a elevar los niveles de calidad en los servicios asociados a la utilización intensiva de estas tecnologías. Se recomienda generalizar la implantación en el Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Introduction: in the institutions belonging to the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, the usual way of recording the control of Information and Communication Technologies has been through Excel sheets, word processors and printed technical sheets. Computerized control offers advantages, but existing computer applications worldwide are expensive or not adaptable to the requirements. Objective: to develop a computer tool for the institutional control of computer, office and communications media. Materials and Methods: technological development and innovation research, carried out during 2018 and 2019, in 2 stages: 1) table work, definition of objectives and establishment of pre-requisites. 2) development of the application, following the policy of use of free software. The performance tests and the evaluation were carried out in the company MEDICuba S.A. Results: an application for the Computerized Control of Informatics, Office Automation and Communications Media (CIMIOC) was developed and registered, with a web interface, centralized database and a design adaptable to various types of devices. It allows recording any resource of this type, its movement history, technical status, maintenance programs and information saves, and offers different statistical reports. Conclusions: the CIMIOC computer tool offers a robust and economical solution for ICT management, applicable to any institution. It objectively facilitates the establishment of policies that contribute to raising quality levels in services associated with the intensive use of ICT. Authors recommend to generalize the implementation in the National Health System.

Competencias informacionales en estudiantes de doctorado del sector de la salud en la provincia Holguín, Cuba / Informational competence in doctoral students in the health sector in Holguin province, Cuba

Introducción: Las competencias informacionales han sido reconocidas como de gran importancia en la educación doctoral. No se conocen las percepciones de doctorandos del sector de la salud en la provincia Holguín en relación con las competencias informacionales. Objetivo: Valorar las percepciones de doctorandos del sector de la salud en la provincia Holguín relacionadas con las competencias informacionales. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio que partió de un universo de 32 y que incluyó a 24 doctorandos del sector de la salud en la provincia Holguín que completaron el cuestionario ALFINVES sobre competencias informacionales en una versión en español. Resultados: Se obtuvo que las respuestas dadas a las preguntas en cuanto al conocimiento, alcanzaron puntuaciones entre 7,59 y 8,66 puntos. En el ámbito de las habilidades, los ítems que menor puntuación obtuvieron fueron los correspondientes al uso de índices para localizar la información y el empleo de sistemas de gestión de bibliografía. Mientras tanto, los ítems de menor puntuación en lo concerniente con las actitudes, correspondieron a la aprobación del tema de investigación de conjunto con el tutor y al conocimiento de los fundamentos del derecho de autor y la propiedad intelectual. Conclusiones: Se comprobó que los estudiantes de doctorado del sector de la salud en la provincia Holguín tienen autopercepciones altas de las competencias informacionales, desde las perspectivas del conocimiento, habilidades y actitudes, aunque se identificaron aspectos susceptibles a mejoramiento(AU)

Introduction: Informational competence is of great importance in doctoral education. The perceptions of doctoral students in the health sectorin Holguin province (SSHo) with respect to informational competence are not known. Objective: To assess the perceptions of doctoral students in the SSHo in relation to their informational competencies. Material and Methods: An exploratory study was carried out on a universe of 32 students that included 24 SSHo doctoral students who completed the study questionnaire. A Spanish version of the ALFINVES questionnaire was used to assess informational competencies. Results: The answers given to the questions related to knowledge reached scores between 7,59 and 8,66 points. In the area of skills, the items with the lowest scores were the use of indexes to locate information and the use of bibliographic management systems. Meanwhile, the items with the lowest scores relating to attitudes corresponded to the approval of the research topic in conjunction with their tutors, and the knowledge of the basics of copyright and intellectual property. Conclusions: It was found that SSHo doctoral students have high self-perceptions of their informational competencies from the perspectives of knowledge, skills, and attitudes; however, aspects susceptible to improvement were identified(AU)

Mejoramiento del proceso docente con el uso de los entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje / Improvement of the teching process with the use of virtual teaching- learning enviroments

Introducción: El crecimiento exponencial de la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimiento, apoyado por las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicaciones, favorecen los procesos de integración y contextualización que necesitan los Entornos virtuales de Enseñanza Aprendizaje, para intercambio y aprendizaje de conocimientos. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la integración del aprendizaje apoyado en los Entornos Virtuales de Enseñanza Aprendizaje, en el rendimiento docente de los estudiantes relacionados con la asignatura Competencias Informacionales y Entornos Colaborativos en Red. Material y Métodos: Se realizó estudio cuantitativo descriptivo- explicativo con carácter retrospectivo de los resultados docentes, desde el curso 2018-19 al 2020-21, a los estudiantes que cursaron la asignatura. Se aplicaron como métodos de análisis documental, histórico- lógico, modelación y observación. Se calcularon las medidas absolutas y relativas para variables cualitativas, así como el porcentaje. Resultados y Discusión: El 64,28 por ciento de los estudiantes alcanzaron cinco puntos como evaluación final de la asignatura. Expresaron conformidad ante las herramientas y los nuevos conocimientos. Conclusiones: El diseño de la asignatura ha garantizado la continuidad del proceso docente, contiene un volumen de información que se corresponde con el tiempo disponible y con las diferentes formas de organización de la enseñanza a distancia, cuenta con un sistema de conocimiento, habilidades y valores a los que contribuye el proceso. El programa de la asignatura debe ser objeto de perfeccionamiento a partir del trabajo pedagógico- metodológico de los profesores y la utilización de los entornos virtuales(AU)

Introduction: The exponential growth of the Information and Knowledge Society, supported by Information and Communication Technologies, favor the integration and contextualization processes that virtual Teaching-Learning Environments need for the exchange and learning of knowledge. Goal: To analyze the impact of the integration of learning supported by Virtual Teaching-Learning Environments in the teaching performance of students related to the subject Information Competences and Collaborative Network Environments Methods: A descriptive-explanatory study was carried out retrospectively of the teaching results, from the 2018-19 to 2020-21 academic years, to the students who took the subject. Documentary, historical-logical analysis, modeling and observation methods were applied. Absolute and relative measurements were calculated for qualitative variables, as well as the percentage. Results and Discussion: 64.28 percent of the students reached five points as the final evaluation of the subject. Students expressed agreement with the tools and new knowledge. Conclusions: The design of the subject guaranteed the continuity of the teaching process; it contains a volume of information that corresponds to the time available and to the different forms of organization of distance learning and has a system of knowledge, skills and values ​​that contributes to the process. The program of the subject must be the object of improvement based on the pedagogical-methodological work of the teachers and the use of virtual environments(AU)

La economía basada en el conocimiento: discusiones conceptuales sobre los cambios ocurridos a escala global desde la década de 1970 / The knowledge-based economy: conceptual discussions on the changes that have occurred on a global scale since the 1970s

Resumen Este artículo de revisión ofrece un recorrido acerca de las nociones construidas en las ciencias sociales para comprender la naturaleza y la magnitud de las transformaciones de la sociedad capitalista observadas desde mediados de la década de 1970. En este sentido, pueden hallarse interpretaciones que van desde un cambio de ciclo o fase hasta una nueva época. Entre las conceptualizaciones más sobresalientes se encuentra la economía basada en el conocimiento. Sin embargo, frente a este marco conceptual se generaron y consolidaron diversas teorías para comprender la naturaleza de los grandes cambios ocurridos a la luz de las transformaciones históricas del capitalismo, una de las cuales ha sido desarrollada recientemente en América Latina. Este trabajo representa un punto de acceso específico a la pregunta por la dinámica de la totalidad capitalista en el último tercio del siglo XX.

Abstract This review article offers a journey about the notions built in the social sciences to understand the nature and magnitude of the transformations of capitalist society observed since the mid-1970s. In this sense, interpretations can be found that range from a change of cycle or phase to a new epoch. Among the most outstanding conceptualizations is the knowledge-based economy. However, against this conceptual framework, various theories were generated and consolidated to understand the nature of the great changes that occurred in light of the historical transformations of capitalism, one of which has recently been developed in Latin America. This work represents a specific access point to the question of the dynamics of the capitalist totality in the last third of the 20th century.

Proceso enseñanza aprendizaje del pregrado en Atención Primaria de Salud durante el primer enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 / Teaching learning process in first health care attention during the first attempt to face covid-19

RESUMEN Introducción: Las universidades médicas cubanas enfrentan el desafío, en medio de la pandemia de COVID-19, de mantener la formación de recursos humanos y apoyar directamente las acciones para evitar el contagio de la población. Objetivo: describir el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje durante la integración de estudiantes de las carreras de la Salud a la Atención Primaria en la lucha contra la COVID-19 Método: Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo transversal de marzo a julio del 2020 en el municipio Santo Domingo, provincia Villa Clara. Además se recopiló información de archivos del Departamento Docente y de Higiene Municipal. Fueron insertados 305 estudiantes y 15 profesores en 44 consultorios, previo análisis contextual se implementó modificaciones en las estrategias didácticas para la educación a distancia a través de uso de datos en telefonía móvil empleando aplicación whatsapp. Resultados: Con predominio de métodos asincrónicos, se logró mantener un flujo informativo y actualizado de las estadísticas necesarias para los partes diarios, la información sobre diferentes asignaturas, estado de salud de los alumnos y profesores, se fortaleció el trabajo político ideológico al contrarrestar la infodemia y otras campañas de desinformación al establecer vínculos con otros grupos administrados por la FEU y el grupo de comunicadores de la Universidad. Conclusiones: La respuesta dinámica del claustro con inserción de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones durante la labor de pesquisa permitió dar continuidad al proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y la obtención de resultados exitosos en el primer enfrentamiento a la pandemia en el municipio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuban Medical Universities, 2019-2020 course faces the challenge that, through the COVID-19 pandemic, the formation of human resources had to be maintained as well as to support directly actions to avoid the population contagious. Objective: To describe the teaching learning process development during the integration of health careers students to the primary health care attention in the battle against COVID-19. Method: In Santo Domingo, from March to July 2020it was developed a transversal descriptive study, information was collected from archives of the teaching and the municipal hygiene departments. In 44medical offices were inserted 305 students and 15 professors, previous contextual analysis it were implemented modifications on the didactics strategies for distance learning education by means of data on mobile phones using in this case the whatsapp application. Results: With the predominance of asynchrony methods, it was maintain the information process and the updating of the necessary statistics for the daily reports, different subjects orientations, students and professors health status, was strengthen the ideological and political work facing Infodemia and other fake information campaigns, helped by other groups too administered by FEU and the group of communicators from the university. Conclusions: The dynamic answer from the group of teachers with the insertion of communication and information technologies during the searching procedure made possible to continue the teaching learning process getting sucessful results during the first attempt to face COVID-19 in Santo Domingo municipality.

Uma coletânea para alargar o olhar sobre a 'nova ordem (des)informativa na era da pós-verdade' / A collection to broaden our view of the 'new (dis)informative order in the post-truth era' / Una colección para ampliar nuestra visión del 'nuevo orden (des) informativo en la era de la post-verdad'

Esta resenha apresenta as ideias centrais da coletânea As fake news e a nova ordem (des)informativa na era da pós-verdade, de João Figueira e Silvio Santos, publicada em 2019, que reúne 12 artigos sobre o fenômeno da desordem informacional e seus impactos na comunicação, na democracia e na prática do jornalismo. Partindo de diferentes perspectivas teóricas, os artigos traçam um panorama histórico da desinformação, buscando dimensionar o papel da tecnologia nesse processo. A análise da obra divide os textos em três eixos temáticos: a notícia e suas falsificações; o impacto das falsificações nos estados democráticos; e o discurso noticioso na desordem informacional.

This review presents the central ideas of the collection of essays As fake news e a nova ordem (des) informativa na era da pós-verdade (The fake news and the new (dis)informative order in the post-truth era), by João Figueira and Silvio Santos (2019), which gathers 12 articles about the phenomenon of informational disorder and its impact on the communication, the democracy and on the journalism practices. Having as starting point different theoretical perspectives, the articles outline a historical panorama of disinformation, seeking to dimension the role of technology in this process. The analysis of the book divides the texts into three thematic axes: the news and its falsifications; the impact of the falsifications on democratic states; and the news discourse on the information disorder.

Esta reseña presenta las ideas centrales de la colección As fake news e a nova ordem (des)informativa na era da pós-verdade (Las fake news y el nuevo orden (des)informativo en la era de la post-verdad), de João Figueira y Silvio Santos (2019), que reúne 12 artículos sobre el fenómeno del desorden informativo y sus impactos en la comunicación, la democracia y la práctica del periodismo. Partiendo de diferentes perspectivas teóricas, los artículos delinean un panorama histórico de la desinformación, buscando dimensionar el papel de la tecnología en este proceso. El análisis del libro divide los textos en tres ejes temáticos: las noticias y sus falsificaciones; el impacto de las falsificaciones en los estados democráticos; y el discurso de las noticias en el desorden informativo.

Effective evaluation on informational support of the parenting sense of competence and parenting stress in primiparas / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness on informational support of the parenting sense of competence and parenting stress in primiparas.@*Methods@#Ninety-five primiparas in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited from November 2017 to April 2018, mothers of premature infants discharged from hospital from November 2017 to January 2018 were divided into the control group,and which discharged from February 2018 to April 2018 were divided into the experimental group conveniently.Seven cases in the control group and 5 cases in the experimental group dropped out. The control group received routine nursing care, 4 times of informational support were implemented to the mothers of premature infants at the first 4 months after discharged in the experimental group,included team teaching, live demonstration, set up a wechat group, et al. All primiparas were investigated using the Chinese version of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale(C-PSOC) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF) at the 1th,3th,6th month postpartum.@*Results@#At the 6th month postpartum, total scores of the Chinese version of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and subscale scores of self-efficacy, satisfaction of the mothers of premature infants were 82.60±4.45, 39.19±3.25, 43.40±3.47, respectively in the experimental group,and the scores were 76.83±7.88, 36.90±4.82, 39.93±5.16, respectively in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.117, 2.541, 3.613, P<0.05). At the 6th month postpartum,total scores of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and subscale scores of parenting distress,parent-child dysfunctional interaction,difficult child of the mothers of premature infants were 80.31±9.50, 28.62±4.54, 23.98±4.91, 26.14±5.15, respectively in the experimental group,and the scores were 87.36±8.58, 32.55±4.88, 25.95±4.15, 28.84±4.88, respectively in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=-3.568-3.823, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Informational support can effectively improve the parenting sense of competence and relieve the parenting stress in primiparas.

Effective evaluation on informational support of the parenting sense of competence and parenting stress in primiparas / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness on informational support of the parenting sense of competence and parenting stress in primiparas. Methods Ninety-five primiparas in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited from November 2017 to April 2018, mothers of premature infants discharged from hospital from November 2017 to January 2018 were divided into the control group,and which discharged from February 2018 to April 2018 were divided into the experimental group conveniently.Seven cases in the control group and 5 cases in the experimental group dropped out. The control group received routine nursing care, 4 times of informational support were implemented to the mothers of premature infants at the first 4 months after discharged in the experimental group,included team teaching, live demonstration, set up a wechat group, et al. All primiparas were investigated using the Chinese version of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale(C-PSOC) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF) at the 1th,3th,6th month postpartum. Results At the 6th month postpartum, total scores of the Chinese version of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and subscale scores of self-efficacy, satisfaction of the mothers of premature infants were 82.60 ± 4.45, 39.19 ± 3.25, 43.40 ± 3.47, respectively in the experimental group,and the scores were 76.83 ± 7.88, 36.90 ± 4.82, 39.93 ± 5.16, respectively in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=4.117, 2.541, 3.613, P<0.05). At the 6th month postpartum,total scores of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and subscale scores of parenting distress,parent-child dysfunctional interaction,difficult child of the mothers of premature infants were 80.31 ± 9.50, 28.62 ± 4.54, 23.98 ± 4.91, 26.14 ± 5.15, respectively in the experimental group,and the scores were 87.36 ± 8.58, 32.55 ± 4.88, 25.95 ± 4.15, 28.84 ± 4.88, respectively in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=-3.568-3.823, P<0.05). Conclusions Informational support can effectively improve the parenting sense of competence and relieve the parenting stress in primiparas.

Experiencias internacionales en el desarrollo de habilidades informacionales en la formación doctoral / International experiences on the development of informational skills in doctoral training

Resumen El desarrollo de habilidades informacionales es un tema trabajado a escala global. Internacionalmente, han surgido iniciativas en la introducción de estas habilidades informacionales en diferentes niveles de enseñanza, y en este informe se destacan los resultados obtenidos en aspirantes al doctorado. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis comparativo en propuestas internacionales para la enseñanza y el desarrollo de habilidades informacionales en aspirantes a doctores. Para ello, se analizan los puntos coincidentes en estos proyectos que sirvan de generalización en otros centros educativos. Para alcanzar este objetivo se partió de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió identificar diversas iniciativas prácticas, agrupándolas por países, formas organizativas y características generales. Se identificaron un total de 27 materiales documentales con iniciativas en la formación de aspirantes a doctores en 19 países. De ellos, nueve cursos de posgrado, ocho resultados de proyectos, cinco módulos de programas doctorales, tres servicios de biblioteca, un blog temático y un evento internacional. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para presentar el análisis y la comparación de los datos obtenidos a través de gráficos y tablas, y el método bibliométrico para examinar la coincidencia de atributos en cuatro indicadores fundamentales: el uso de las habilidades informacionales que describe la ALA como base de sus propuestas; la aplicación y el desarrollo; la denominación utilizada para cada habilidad, y las habilidades aplicadas en cada institución. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes se pudo encontrar que las habilidades informacionales para la formación de doctores parten del conjunto de habilidades que se proponen en la ALFIN por la ALA, con un mayor nivel de profundidad y práctica. Los análisis realizados demuestran que las habilidades informacionales se encuentran dentro de las habilidades más importantes que debe dominar una persona candidata al doctorado al concluir su formación doctoral y durante su vida como investigador.

Abstract The development of informational skills is a subject widely worked on a global scale. Internationally, there have been initiatives in the introduction of these informational skills in different levels of education, and this report highlights results obtained in doctoral candidates. The aim of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis in international proposals for the teaching and development of informational skills in aspiring doctors. For this, the coinciding points in these projects that serve as a generalization in other educational centers are analyzed. In order to achieve this objective, a bibliographic review was carried out, which allowed identifying various practical initiatives, grouping them by country, organizational forms and general characteristics. A total of 27 documentary materials were identified with initiatives in the training of aspiring doctors in 19 countries. Of these, 9 postgraduate courses, 8 project results, 5 modules of doctoral programs, 3 library services, 1 thematic blog and 1 international event. Descriptive statistics was used to present the analysis and comparison of the data obtained through graphs and tables and the bibliometric method to examine the coincidence of attributes in four fundamental indicators: the use of the informational skills described by the ALA as the basis of your proposals; the application and development; the denomination used for each skill; and the skills applied in each institution. Among the most relevant results it could be found that informational skills for the training of doctors, start from the set of skills proposed in ALFIN by the ALA, with a greater level of depth and practice. The analyzes carried out show that information skills are among the most important skills that a doctor must master at the end of his doctoral training and during his life as a researcher.

Os usuários da Informação no arquivo: perspectivas de aproximação e aplicação no âmbito dos estudos da Ciência da Informação / Los usuarios de la Información en el archivo: perspectivas de aproximación y aplicación en el ámbito de los estudios de la Ciencia de la Información / Users of the Information in the archive: perspectives of approximation and application in the field of studies of Information Science

Resumo Os estudos de usuários são uma importante ferramenta de gestão, que objectiva identificar o perfil de usuário, suas necessidades informacionais, o grão de satisfação em relação aos serviços oferecidos por uma determinada unidade de informação. A presente investigação trata de uma discussão sobre os estudos de usuários aplicados ao arquivo contemplando uma aproximação com a Ciência da Informação. A pesquisa é uma primeira abordagem teórica ao fenômeno dos estudos de usuários, para numa próxima pesquisa desenvolver uma proposta de estudos de usuários para o Arquivo Nacional de Angola. De igual maneira tem por objetivo, examinar os elementos teóricos conceituais referentes aos estudos de usuários de informação em unidades de informação de arquivo. No presente artigo apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica compreendendo aspetos gerais, acerca de usuários da informação, necessidades de informação e estudo de usuários de arquivos. Se faz uma análise de bibliografias pertinentes com o mesmo objecto de estudo, ancorados aos estudos de usuários da informação tendo como foco os usuários de arquivo. Como problema o pergunta de partida define-se cómo é possível pensar em aplicações de estudo de usuários no âmbito da Arquivologia e do arquivo a partir de um diálogo com os pressupostos da Ciência da Informação? São apresentadas conclusões resultado do estudo e análise realizado.

Resumen Los estudios de usuarios son una importante herramienta de gestión, utilizada para identificar el perfil de usuario, sus necesidades informativas y el grado de satisfacción en relación con los servicios ofrecidos por una determinada unidad de información. La presente investigación trata de una discusión sobre los estudios de usuarios aplicados al archivo contemplando una aproximación con la Ciencia de la Información. La investigación es un primer enfoque teórico sobre el fenómeno de los estudios de usuarios para, en una próxima investigación, desarrollar una propuesta de estudios de usuarios para el Archivo Nacional de Angola. De igual manera, tiene por objetivo, examinar los elementos teóricos conceptuales referentes a los estudios de usuarios de información en unidades de información de archivo. En el presente artículo, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica que comprende aspectos generales acerca de usuarios de la información, necesidades de información y estudio de usuarios de archivos. Se hace un análisis de las bibliografías pertinentes con el mismo objeto de estudio, anclado a los estudios de usuarios de la información teniendo como foco a los usuarios de archivo. Como problema o pregunta de partida se define cómo es posible pensar en aplicaciones de estudio de usuarios en el ámbito de la Archivología y del archivo a partir de un diálogo con los presupuestos de la Ciencia de la Información. Se presentan conclusiones como resultado del estudio y análisis realizados.

Abstract The user studies are an important management tool, which aims to identify the user profile, its informational needs, and the satisfaction with the services offered by a given unit of information. The present investigation deals with a discussion about the studies of users applied to the archive contemplating an approach with the Information Science. The research is a first theoretical approach to the phenomenon of user studies, for an upcoming research to develop a proposal of user studies for the National Archive of Angola. In the same way, it aims to examine the theoretical conceptual elements regarding the studies of information users in archival information units. In this article we present a bibliographical review comprising general aspects, about information users, information needs and study of file users. An analysis of pertinent bibliographies with the same object of study is anchored to studies of information users focusing on archival users. As a problem the starting question defines how it is possible to think of applications of study of users in the ambit of the Archivology and of the archive from a dialogue with the assumptions of the Information Science?. Conclusions are presented result of the study and realized analysis.

Formación de Competencias Informacionales en los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana / Competence training in information technology for teachers of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana

Introducción: Los desafíos científico tecnológicos caracterizan el siglo XXI, requieren los profesores conocer y desarrollar las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, para gestionar los conocimientos y la superación académica, al desarrollar Competencias Informacionales. Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura publicada sobre competencias informacionales ideas centrales, instituciones, autores y grupos de trabajo más representativos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó revisión bibliográfica de 55 artículos, 21 sobre identificación de Competencias Informacionales. La investigación se enmarcó en un contexto teórico de las Ciencias Biomédicas, desde 2002, hasta 2018. Se localizaron y consultaron a través de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud fuentes bibliográficas validadas. El análisis documental permitió investigar el problema, para desarrollar el proceso docente en la sociedad actual. Resultados: Los autores consultados coinciden en las características de los desafíos científicos tecnológicos. Concuerdan con la situación de los desafíos tecnológicos del sector Salud, en Cuba, sobre el Programa de Alfabetización Informacional, iniciado en 2006. Las propuestas internacionales sobre Competencias Informacionales son una actualización de la versión original publicada en 2008. Se analizan reflexiones de autores y grupos a nivel Internacional. Conclusiones: Se identificaron autores quienes coinciden en los desafíos científicos y tecnológicos que caracterizan este Siglo XXI y enfocan sus trabajos hacia la era de la informatización(AU)

Introduction: The scientific technological challenges characterize the 21st century require knowledge of the use of Information and Communication Technologies in the management of knowledge and academic improvement of professors, who need to develop Information Competencies. Objective: Identify central ideas, institutions, authors and more representative working groups within the published literature on information competencies. Material and methods: A literature review of 55 articles was carried out, 21 on the identification of IC in the teachers. The research was framed in a theoretical context within the field of Biomedical Sciences, from 2002, until 2018. They were located and consulted validated bibliographic sources, through the Virtual Health Library. The documentary analysis allowed to investigate the problem, to develop a teaching process according to the current society. Results: The authors consulted agree on the characteristics of the scientific-technological challenges of the 21st century. They agree on the situation of technological challenges in Cuba and in the Health sector, on the Information Literacy Program, which began in 2006. The international proposals on Information Competencies are an update of the original version published in 2008. Reflections are analyzed of authors and groups at the International level. Conclusions: Authors were identified who agree on the scientific and technological challenges that characterize this 21st century and focus their work towards the era of computerization(AU)

Design specifications of a heat applicator weed controller device for family farms / Especificações para o projeto de um mecanismo aplicador de calor para o combate de plantas espontâneas dirigido à agricultura familiar

ABSTRACT: One of the difficulties faced by organic food farming families is weed management without the application of chemical products. Thus, this study aimed to establish the design specifications for the development of a heat applicator device for small organic family farms. The implemented methodology allowed the division of the project to phases composed by different tasks. This paper addresses the informational phase, which identifies client needs, according to the lifecycle of the product, in order to establish the design specifications. The declared needs of 40 customers were identified and converted to the requirements of 24 clients. This resulted in 26 design specifications, displayed in order of importance, and distributed along the product's entire life cycle. Nine requirements were considered to be the most important; namely working speed, target applied temperature, application height variables, weed elimination, production costs, operation costs, energy consumption, weight, and main crop damage.

RESUMO: Uma das dificuldades dos agricultores familiares que produzem alimentos orgânicos é o manejo de plantas espontâneas sem a aplicação de produtos químicos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se estabelecer as especificações de projeto no desenvolvimento de um mecanismo aplicador de calor para o combate de plantas espontâneas, dirigido à agricultura familiar orgânica. A metodologia de projeto utilizada permite dividi-lo em fases, que são compostas por diferentes tarefas. O presente trabalho contempla a fase de projeto informacional, na qual são identificadas as necessidades dos clientes de acordo com o ciclo de vida do produto no sentido de estabelecer as especificações de projeto. Foram identificadas 40 declarações de necessidades de clientes, as quais foram transformadas em 24 requisitos de clientes, originando 26 requisitos de projeto hierarquizados, distribuídos ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida do produto, resultando nas especificações de projeto do produto. Os nove requisitos apontados como mais importantes foram: velocidade de trabalho; temperatura aplicada ao alvo; variação da altura de aplicação; eliminação das plantas espontâneas; custo de produção; custo de operação; consumo de energia; danificação da cultura implantada e peso.

Herramienta de alfabetización informacional dirigida a bibliotecarios de ciencias médicas en la provincia de Artemisa, Cuba / Informational alphabetization tool directed to people who work in the medical sciences libraries in Artemisa province, Cuba

Resumen El logro de este proceso informacional en la salud se encuentra centrado en el personal bibliotecario, por lo que resulta necesario fortalecer su desempeño en correspondencia con la identificación de sus necesidades de aprendizaje mediante la aplicación de una herramienta de alfabetización informacional en la provincia de Artemisa, Cuba durante el curso del período 2016-2017. Se realizó una investigación organizada por dos momentos y, con el empleo de métodos empíricos y teóricos, se propuso una herramienta de alfabetización informacional en soporte digital. La metodología utilizada se basó en un medio de enseñanza-aprendizaje de tipo software educativo. La herramienta contribuirá a la calidad en el desempeño del personal que labora en la red de bibliotecas médicas de la provincia de Artemisa.

Abstract The performance of librarians in the medical sciences is enhanced by identifying their training needs through the use of an information literacy tool. We performed this study between 2016 and 2017 with the staff of the medical libraries network at Artemisa province in Cuba. In the first stage of the study we assessed the initial state of the staff's information literacy, and in a second stage, we used empiri-cal and theoretical methods to propose an information literacy tool in digital format. The methodology used was based on educational software. The tool will contribute to enhancing the performance of librarians working in the network of medical libraries in the prov-ince of Artemisa, Cuba.

Estrategias de apropiación y desviación de recursos en el Sistema Municipal de Planeación de Santiago de Cali / Estratégias de apropriação e desvio de recursos no Sistema Municipal de Planejamento de Santiago de Cali / Resource appropriation and deviation strategies in Santiago de Cali's Municipal Planning System

Resumen A partir de algunos elementos que caracterizan un mecanismo de captura de élite mencionado en la literatura, este artículo compara cinco estrategias de apropiación de recursos realizadas por ciertos actores del Sistema Municipal de Planeación (SMP) participativa, de la tercera ciudad más poblada de Colombia, entre 1998 y 2008. Desde un enfoque de evaluación centrada en el uso, se abordaron los actores del SMP y sus alianzas que, aprovechando asimetrías informacionales, restringieron la participación y sesgaron el uso de los recursos. La investigación identificó, como causal básica de la captura, la desarticulación del SMP en tres subsistemas: la comunidad, las instancias de participación local y el Departamento de Planeación. El artículo describe igualmente la serie de ajustes institucionales desarrollados entre 2012 y 2015 (monitoreo, e-voting) buscando minimizar las posibilidades de captura.

Resumo A partir de alguns elementos que caracterizam o mecanismo de captura de elite mencionado na literatura, este artigo compara cinco estratégias de apropriação de recursos feitas por certos atores do Sistema Municipal de Planejamento (SMP) participativo, numa cidade colombiana entre 1998 e 2008. A partir de uma abordagem de avaliação com foco no uso foram abordados os atores do SPM, e as parcerias, aproveitando assimetrias de informação, restringiram a participação e enviesaram o uso de recursos territoriais. A pesquisa identificou, como a causa básica da captura, o desmantelamento do SMP em três subsistemas: a comunidade, as instâncias de participação local e o Departamento Municipal de Planejamento. O artigo também descreve os ajustes institucionais desenvolvidos entre 2012 e 2015 (monitoração, voto eletrônico), buscando reduzir as possibilidades de captura.

Abstract From some elements that characterize an elite capture mechanism mentioned in literature, this article compares five resource appropriation strategies carried out by certain players from the participative Municipal Planning System (MPS) from Colombia's third largest municipality between 1998 and 2008. By using mixed methods and a utilization-focused evaluation design, the MPS players and their partnerships were approached by which their availing of informational asymmetries restricted participation and biased the use of resources. The research identified as the basic cause of the capture the disarticulation of the MPS into three subsystems: the community, instances of local participation, and the Planning Department. The article also describes the series of institutional adjustments carried out between 2012 and 2015 (monitoring, e-voting) seeking to minimize capture possibilities.

El capital informacional como condición de la inclusión digital: un análisis exploratorio / Informational capital as a condition of the digital inclusion: an exploratory analysis / Capital informacional como condição de inclusão digital: uma análise exploratória

Resumen El trabajo explora la siguiente hipótesis: el capital informacional de los "nativos digitales" es menor de lo esperado y, en ese sentido, su inclusión digital es débil. Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones cumplen la labor de integración social de los ciudadanos del nuevo milenio, quienes estarían digitalmente "incluidos" cuando su capital informacional les permite participar igualitariamente de las oportunidades que brinda "esta" sociedad, al acceder a estas nuevas tecnologías para mejorar sus condiciones de vida diarias y facilitar sus tareas en el mundo del trabajo. En nuestro estudio nos hemos centrado en la exploración del concepto de capital informacional desde una óptica operacional cuantitativa, que discute formulaciones anteriores y sintetiza hallazgos recientes. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta online a una muestra de universitarios chilenos de ambos sexos, entre 17 y 29 años, pertenecientes a programas de estudio en dos universidades, bajo el supuesto que por nivel educacional y edad son típicamente "ciudadanos digitales", esto es, nativos digitales "incluidos" en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a que existen habilidades digitales que poseen los estudiantes, como las aquí llamadas "protocolares", al mismo tiempo que se observa la carencia de algunas habilidades técnicas básicas para el mundo del trabajo. Finalmente, se constata que se podría aclarar más la potencialidad descriptiva del constructo "Capital informacional", actualizando las habilidades y competencias digitales para comprender mejor el significado de ser digitalmente alfabeto hoy, que es una condición para una inclusión digital efectiva.

Abstract The paper explores the following hypothesis: the informational capital of "digital natives" is less than expected and in that sense their digital inclusion is weak. ICTs fulfill the function of social integration of New Millennium citizens who would be digitally included when their informational capital allows them to participate equally in the opportunities offered by this society to access these new technologies to improve their daily living conditions, and facilitate their tasks in the world of work. In our study we have focused on the exploration of the concept of informational capital from a quantitative operational perspective that discusses previous formulations and synthesizes recent findings. To do this, an online survey was applied to a sample of Chilean university students of bothsexes, between the 17 and 29 years of age, belonging to study programs in two universities under the assumption that by educational level and age they are typically digital citizens, i.e. digital natives "included" in the society of information and knowledge. The main conclusions point to the existence of digital skills that cross the students, as those called "protocol skills", but at the same time, the lack of some basic technical skills for the world of work. Finally, it is noted that "Informational capital" could be further clarified in terms of the descriptive potential of the construct, updating digital skills and competences to better understand the meaning of being digitally alphabet today, which is a condition for an effective digital inclusion.

Resumo O trabalho explora a hipótese seguinte: O capital informacional dos "nativos digitais" é menor do que poderia se esperar e, nesse sentido, a sua inclusão digital é fraca. As tecnologias da informação e das comunicações exercem o papel de integração social dos cidadãos do novo milênio, os quais estariam "incluídos" digitalmente quando seu capital informacional permite-lhes participar em igualdade de condições das oportunidades que oferece "esta" sociedade, ao acessar às novas tecnologias para melhorar suas condições cotidianas de vida e facilitar seu desenvolvimento no mundo do trabalho. Nosso estudo foca na exploração do conceito de capital informacional desde uma perspectiva operacional quantitativa, discutindo formulações prévias e sintetizando descobertas recentes. Para isto, foi aplicado uma pesquisa online a uma amostra de universitários chilenos de ambos sexos, de entre 17 e 29 anos, pertencentes a programas de formação de duas universidades, partindo do suposto que, tanto por nível educativo quanto por idade, são tipicamente "cidadãos digitais", ou seja, nativos digitais "incluídos" na sociedade da informação e o conhecimento. As conclusões principais apontam à existência de habilidades digitais que os estudantes possuem, tais como as aqui chamadas de "protocolares", ao mesmo tempo que observa-se a carência de habilidades técnicas básicas para o mundo do trabalho. Finalmente, constata-se que poderia se clarificar mais a potencialidade descritiva do construto "Capital informacional", atualizando as habilidades e competências digitais para compreender melhor o significado de ser digitalmente alfabeto nos dias de hoje, o que é uma condição para uma efetiva inclusão digital.

Inclusión, escuela y conocimientos: Elementos para un análisis materialista del programa Conectar Igualdad en las escuelas argentinas / Inclusão, escola e conhecimento: elementos para uma análise materialista do programa Connect Equality em escolas argentinas / Inclusion, school and knowledges: Elements for a materalistic approach of Conectar Igualdad Program in Argentinian schools

Resumen Este artículo indaga desde una perspectiva materialista cognitiva, respecto de los diversos flujos de conocimientos que circulan en las instituciones escolares beneficiarias del Programa Conectar Igualdad en Argentina. En particular, se pregunta ¿cuáles son las transformaciones, beneficios y obstáculos relativos a la circulación de conocimientos que los distintos actores identifican en los niveles subjetivo, tecnológico e intersubjetivo? ¿Qué respuestas de política pública son necesarias o factibles ante tal diagnóstico? Metodológicamente, se basa en un trabajo de campo realizado en 2015 que incluyó, entre otras fuentes primarias, encuestas representativas nacionales a 3183 alumnos y 342 docentes.

Resumo Este artigo explora a partir de uma perspectiva materialista cognitiva, em relação aos diferentes fluxos de conhecimento que circulam nas escolas beneficiárias do Programa Conectar Igualdad na Argentina. Em particular, quais são as transformações, benefícios e obstáculos relacionados à circulação do conhecimento que os diferentes atores identificam nos níveis subjetivo, tecnológico e intersubjetivo? Quais as respostas das políticas públicas necessárias ou viáveis em face desse diagnóstico? Metodologicamente, baseia-se em um trabalho de campo realizado em 2015 que incluiu, entre outras fontes primárias, pesquisas nacionais representativas de 3183 alunos e 342 professores.

Abstract This paper tackles, from a cognitive materialist perspective, the various knowledge flows that circulate within education institutions covered by Conectar Igualdad Program in Argentina. Specifically, it addresses, what are the transformations, advantages and limitations related to knowledge flows that different actors find in the subjective, technological and intersubjective bearers? What kind of public policies are desirable to face those challenges? Methodologically, the paper draws on a fieldwork conducted in 2015 which included national representative surveys completed by 3183 students and 342 teachers.

Exploración de un ejercicio de escritura colaborativa en línea de un grupo de estudiantes de básica primaria

Introducción. Las wikis han hecho posible que individuos de todo el mundo se involucren conjuntamente en la construcción de conocimiento. Objetivo. Este artículo explora la relación entre la tecnología wiki y la escritura colaborativa en línea de un grupo de estudiantes de varias instituciones de Básica Primaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Participaron sesenta y tres (63) estudiantes de quinto grado pertenecientes a tres instituciones educativas oficiales sin relación inicial entre sí. Se utilizó un diseño cualitativo, con un alcance exploratorio, y las mayores fuentes de información fueron las entrevistas semiestructuradas y el registro de las interacciones en línea. Resultados. Los resultados ilustran que esta tecnología, con un adecuado y permanente acompañamiento pedagógico, puede ser un interesante recurso de apoyo para la escritura colaborativa en línea. Conclusión. Las tecnologías digitales pueden facilitar la puesta en práctica de algunas ideas pedagógicas asociadas a la escritura colaborativa; sin embargo, se debe seguir investigando para ver si este tipo de ejercicios se pueden repetir en otros contextos y evitar caer en el determinismo tecnológico.

Introduction. Wikis have made it possible that people from all over the world jointly participate in constructing knowledge. Objective. This article explores the relation between wiki technology and an on-line collaborative writing of a Basic Primary School group of students of several institutions in Medellin city, Colombia. Materials and Methods. Sixty-three (63) fifth-level students from three official education institutions, not related among them, participated. A qualitative design, with an exploratory scope was used. Most of information sources were semi-structured interviews and registry of on-line interactions. Results. Results show that a pedagogical accompaniment may be an interesting supporting resource for on-line collaborative writing. Conclusion. Digital technologies may ease to start up some pedagogical ideas associated to collaborative writing; however, research should continue to corroborate if this type of exercises may be repeated in several contexts and avoid falling in technological determinism.

Introdução. As wikis há feito possível que indivíduos de todo o mundo se envolvam conjuntamente na construção de conhecimento. Objetivo. Este artigo explora a relação entre a tecnologia wiki e a escritura colaborativa on line de um grupo de estudantes de várias instituições de Primária Básica da cidade de Medellín, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. Participaram sessenta e três (63) estudantes de quinta série pertencentes a três instituições educativas oficiais sem relação inicial entre si. Se utilizou um desenho qualitativo, com um alcance exploratório, e as maiores fontes de informação foram as entrevistas semiestruturadas e o registro das interações on line. Resultados. Os resultados ilustram que esta tecnologia, com um adequado e permanente acompanhamento pedagógico, pode ser um interessante recurso de apoio para a escritura colaborativa on line. Conclusão. As tecnologias digitais podem facilitar por em prática de algumas ideias pedagógicas associadas à escritura colaborativa; porém, se deve seguir investigando para ver si este tipo de exercícios podem repetir em outros contextos e evitar cair no determinismo tecnológico.

"Application study of""Four in One""informational teaching model in Medical Nursing teaching" / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To construct Four in One informational teaching model based on cloud platforms, simulation training, nursing micro-lectures and multidimensional evaluation investigate, and to explore the effect of theFour in Oneinformational teaching model applied in Medical Nursing teaching. Methods Two classes students of 2014 were selected by randomized sampling and were divided into experiment group and control group, the experiment group operated the Four in One informational teaching mod, the control group operated regular teaching. After the experiment,using the medical nursing theory test, the skill test, the questionnaire survey to evaluate the teaching effectiveness. Results The theoretical examination score, skill examination score and overall results of experiment group were (78.81±6.44), (82.01±5.22), (80.41±6.32) points, while (71.12±8.12), (76.74±6.3), (75.57±5.51) points of control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.47, 4.86, 3.22, P<0.01 or 0.05). The students' interested in the informational teaching model of the experimental group reached 78.72%(37/47) and learning satisfaction reached 91.48% (43/47). Conclusions The Four in One informational teaching model applied in Medical Nursing teaching can improve the study effect .

Effect of psychoeducation on self-esteem and self-efficacy among college students

Authors suggest efforts are needed to further explore the usefulness and utilization of psychoeducation at the community and professional levels as applied to various settings and populations. In addition, if developed and implemented carefully, psychoeducational interventions have promising application on other life challenges across levels of the public health, social, and educational systems. This quasiexperimental three group pre-test post-test study aims to investigate the effect of psychoeducation on the self-esteem and self-efficacy of college students. A total of 105 college students (35 subjects per group) who were enrolled at Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines were included as sample. Sampling technique was purposive. The Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and Schwarzer's General Selfefficacy Scale were used as data gathering tools. A self-made psychoeducational module that was validated by experts in mental health and psychiatric nursing was utilized as intervention. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis. The results on the post-test scores of both treatment arms (informational and comprehensive model) were significantly higher compared to control group after eight sessions of psychoeducation. The researchers therefore conclude that both psychoeducation models (informational and comprehensive) showed evidence of effectiveness in increasing the self-esteem and self-efficacy levels of college students. 

Las Competencias Informacionales en los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Informational competences of professors of the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas

Introducción: las competencias (habilidades, actitudes y aptitudes) para el acceso y uso de la información impresa y digital constituyen la base para el aprendizaje continuo a lo largo de toda la vida. Objetivo: identificar los factores que inciden en el desarrollo de las competencias informacionales en los profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el periodo de enero a mayo del 2015, y se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y procedimientos estadísticos. El universo para la investigación estuvo conformada por 166 profesores de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas y la muestra de la investigación es intencionada y no probabilística está integrada por 42 profesores. Resultados: no utilizan la información en la toma de decisiones y no se lo enseñan a sus alumnos, teniendo que esta es una competencia que debe ser usada en el ámbito de salud, poco dominio de normas de redacción bibliográfica y escasa participación en los cursos virtuales por parte de los profesores. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico realizado comprobó que existen dificultades en el uso de las Competencias Informacionales por parte de los profesores.

Background: the competences (skills, attitudes and aptitudes) for the access and usage of the digital and printed information are the base for the continuous learning during the entire life. Objective: identifying the factors affecting the development of informational competences in professors of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in the period from January to May 2015, using theoretical and empiric methods, and statistical procedures. The universe of the research was formed by 166 professors of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas, and the sample of the research, intentional and non-probabilistic, is integrated by 42 professors. Outcomes: they don't use the information in decision-taking and they don't teach their students to do it, being a competence that has to be used in the field of public health; insufficient knowledge of the norms of bibliographic redaction and scarce participation of professors in virtual courses. Conclusions: the carried-out diagnosis probed that there are difficulties in the usage of the Informational Competences by professors.